Chemical Absorption of Gas into Liquid Film on Rotating Drum

With a rotating drum type gas-liquid contactor of known area, the effects of gas rate and the rotational speed of the drum on the thickness of liquid film were observed and the rate of gas absorption accompanied by a chemical reaction in the liquid phase was measured using either one of the catalysts, mannitol, Cu⁺⁺ and Co⁺⁺⁺. The analytical solution was presented for the simultaneous unsteady state absorption and (m+l)-st order reaction (m-th order with reactant A and 1st order with reactant B respectively). Experimental results were compared with theories and the five states of rate controlling were verified which had formerly been derived analytically. The five states correspond to the case where mass transfer are controlled by the resistances of ; (1) chemical reaction in the liquid, (2) both chemical reaction and diffusion in the liquid, (3) diffusion of the dissolved gas in the liquid film, (4) both diffusion and chemical reaction in the liquid film and (5) diffusion of the reactant from the liquid bulk. The rate constant of the accompanied reaction was also determined

Kinetics of Heterogeneous Liquid Phase Reaction : Simultaneous Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction

The solution of the over-all rate of reaction for a steady state mass transfer accompanied by a (l+ｫ)-th order irreversible reaction was derived by applying an approximate concentration distribution model for the heterogeneous liquid phase reaction which might proceed in a diffusion film and homogeneous mixed bulk liquid of finite volume. The numerically calculated diagrams showing the functional relation between the over-all rate of reaction and the reaction conditions such as the resistances to diffusion and chemical reaction, liquid volume and the inter facial contact area, etc. were presented. The authors made clear the conditions for the five states of over-all reaction rate which were different in comparative magnitude in the resistances to diffusion and chemical reaction, and interpreted the various types of rate controlling step by comparing the reaction conditions and the concentration distribution of reactants both in diffusion film and bulk liquid

Electrochemical Dy-Alloying Behaviors of Ni-Based Alloys in Molten LiF–CaF2–DyF3: Effects of Constituent Elements

The electrochemical Dy-alloying behaviors of Ni–Cr and Ni–Mo alloys were compared with those of Ni–Cr–Mo alloy and pure Ni in a molten LiF–CaF2–DyF3 (0.30 mol%) system at 1123 K. The effects of chromium and molybdenum as constituent elements of the Ni-based alloys were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and open-circuit potentiometry indicated the formations of Dy–Ni alloys for all the Ni-based electrodes, as well as for the pure Ni electrode. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of DyNi2 and DyNi3 phases for all the electrodes electrolyzed at 0.20 V (vs. Li+/Li) for 60 min. SEM/TEM-EDX analysis of the sample prepared from Ni–Cr–Mo alloy revealed that the Dy-alloyed layer consists of Cr-rich Cr–Mo and Mo-rich Mo–Cr phases, as well as a Dy–Ni(–Fe) matrix phase. The shear stress measurements of the Dy-alloyed samples showed that the Ni–Cr–Mo alloy is the most suitable substrate to improve mechanical strength, which is explained by precipitation strengthening by both the Cr–Mo and Mo–Cr phases

ヒロシマ ダイガク シガクブ リンショウ ジッシュウ シサツ ホウコク

We made a field trip to Hiroshima University Hospital to observe its clinical training practices on February 22, 2013. Distinctive features of the clinical training system were as follows. 1) Training schedule. Learning objectives and clinical cases required are established in each specialty clinics. Students can make training schedules in each specialty clinic for themselves in accordance with the progress of required cases of their own. They can move from a clinic to other clinic in a day in order to follow their cases. 2) The small group system and the tutor system for the group. Students are assigned to a group consisting of 3 to 4 persons. They get a clinical training together and share clinical experiences with each other. They hold the group meeting every other Wednesday. The tutor checks the progress on their cases and discusses about next training objectives with each person. 3) The stepwise training and evaluation system. The clinical training are given in 3 terms. Learning objectives in each term are established in stepwise setting. Students are evaluated for their levels of attainment at the end of each term. 4) Morning meeting and mini-lecture. Students attend morning meeting and a mini-lecture before the clinical training everyday. 5) Clinical clerkship. Clinical clerkship has been performed with support of patients. Patients in the hospital are informed for the clinical clerkship. Participants provide written informed consent prior to entry into the system. However, the number of patients for clinical clerkship were not enough. These features are informative and helpful for us to improve our clinical training system. And recruitment of patients who kindly support the clinical clerkship may be the biggest problem to solve in both universities

Electrochemical Formation of Nd-Ni Alloys in Molten LiF-CaF₂-NdF₃

The electrochemical formation of Nd-Ni alloys was investigated in a molten LiF-CaF₂-NdF₃ (0.30 mol%) system at 1123 K. Cyclic voltammetry and open-circuit potentiometry indicated the formation of several phases of Nd-Ni alloys. The whole electrode became almost NdNi₂ 2 phase by potentiostatic electrolysis of a 0.2 mm-thick Ni plate at 0.15 V vs. Li+/Li for 75 minutes. The formed NdNi₂ electrodes were transformed to other phases such as NdNi₃ and NdNi₅. The existences of NdNi₂, NdNi₃ and NdNi₅ were confirmed by powder XRD analysis. By summarizing the results, the formation potential for each alloy phase has been determined

Loss of Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Human Monocytes in Falciparum Malaria after Their Maturation in Vitro

In Plasmodium-infected mammals, phagocytosis and production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes and macrophages are prominent features. The present work aimed at clarifying the relationship between the maturation of human monocytes to macrophages and their TNF productivity and phagocytic ability in the presence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Fresh monocytes produced a significantly higher quantity of TNF in the presence of schizont-infected erythrocytes than macrophages obtained by in vitro monocyte maturation on autologous serum, whereas phagocytic activity of macrophages was much higher than that of fresh monocytes. This indicated that the TNF-inducing factors from P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes could stimulate fresh monocytes, but not macrophages, to release TNF, regardless of their development of phagocytosis. Activation of macrophages by interferon-{gamma} could not recover their TNF productivity in the presence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes, but it enhanced their TNF productivity in the presence of lipopolysaccharide(s). The TNF-inducing factors were contained mainly in erythrocytes infected with mature schizonts but not in erythrocytes infected with the younger stages of the parasites. Fractionation of infected erythrocytes revealed that both soluble and insoluble components almost equally contained those factors

カンゴ ケイ ロンブン ノ キョウチョシャ ネットワーク ノ ブンセキ ニ ヨル カンゴガク センモン リョウイキ ノ ブンルイ

研究者コミュニティにおける研究活動を可視化するための手段の一つとして，学術論文の共著者ネットワークを分析する手法が知られている．本稿では日本の看護系分野の研究に焦点を当て，医中誌データベースから看護系論文の共著者ネットワークを作成，ネットワーク科学の観点からコミュニティ検出をすることで，看護系分野の研究の専門領域を分類することを試みた．検出されたコミュニティの中には，専門領域を牽引するリーダーによって形成された独立性の高い学派に対応するものがあり，研究者コミュニティにおける学派が，共著者ネットワークの構造のみから検出できることが示された．Analysis of co-author networks of academic articles is known as a method to visualize activities in researchers\u27 communities. In this article, which focuses on nursing research in Japan, a co-author network of nursing articles is constructed from ICHUSHI database; and network communities are utilized to characterize the disciplines of nursing research. It is shown that some network communities present highly leader-dependent characteristics that vary from one discipline to another, and that set these communities clearly apart from the main-stream

Integrative Annotation of 21,037 Human Genes Validated by Full-Length cDNA Clones

The human genome sequence defines our inherent biological potential; the realization of the biology encoded therein requires knowledge of the function of each gene. Currently, our knowledge in this area is still limited. Several lines of investigation have been used to elucidate the structure and function of the genes in the human genome. Even so, gene prediction remains a difficult task, as the varieties of transcripts of a gene may vary to a great extent. We thus performed an exhaustive integrative characterization of 41,118 full-length cDNAs that capture the gene transcripts as complete functional cassettes, providing an unequivocal report of structural and functional diversity at the gene level. Our international collaboration has validated 21,037 human gene candidates by analysis of high-quality full-length cDNA clones through curation using unified criteria. This led to the identification of 5,155 new gene candidates. It also manifested the most reliable way to control the quality of the cDNA clones. We have developed a human gene database, called the H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; http://www.h-invitational.jp/). It provides the following: integrative annotation of human genes, description of gene structures, details of novel alternative splicing isoforms, non-protein-coding RNAs, functional domains, subcellular localizations, metabolic pathways, predictions of protein three-dimensional structure, mapping of known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identification of polymorphic microsatellite repeats within human genes, and comparative results with mouse full-length cDNAs. The H-InvDB analysis has shown that up to 4% of the human genome sequence (National Center for Biotechnology Information build 34 assembly) may contain misassembled or missing regions. We found that 6.5% of the human gene candidates (1,377 loci) did not have a good protein-coding open reading frame, of which 296 loci are strong candidates for non-protein-coding RNA genes. In addition, among 72,027 uniquely mapped SNPs and insertions/deletions localized within human genes, 13,215 nonsynonymous SNPs, 315 nonsense SNPs, and 452 indels occurred in coding regions. Together with 25 polymorphic microsatellite repeats present in coding regions, they may alter protein structure, causing phenotypic effects or resulting in disease. The H-InvDB platform represents a substantial contribution to resources needed for the exploration of human biology and pathology