Fatal Syngamus trachea Infection in a Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Cross River State, Nigeria.

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SEX-SPECIFIC MUSCULOSKELETAL ASYMMETRIES FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION

Olivia A. Anderson 1, Allen L. Redinger1, Emery L. Mintz 2,3, Caleb C. Voskuil 2, Jason A. Mogonye 3,4, Joshua C. Carr 2,3 & Breanne S. Baker 1 1 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; 2 Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas; 3 Texas Christian University School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; 4 JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas Females are predisposed to more risk factors for primary and secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Factors such as lower-body bone, muscle, and fat tissue asymmetries post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR) influence recovery; however, if these asymmetries are sex-specific is unknown. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sex on musculoskeletal asymmetries and perception of knee function post-ACLR. METHODS: Females (n=11) and males (n=11) with a history of ACLR provided voluntary informed consent prior to completing Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure lower-body bone mineral content (BMC), Fat %, and lean mass (LM), additionally inter-limb asymmetry indices (AI%) were calculated for each tissue. Perceptions of knee function were captured via the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) instrument and participants provided surgical information such as time since surgery and graft type used. Initial Independent t-tests were used to assess sex differences for all variables; however, time since surgery was included as a clinically significant covariate for subsequent analyses. Additionally, Pearson’s Correlations Coefficients evaluated the association between AI% and IKDC scores. Lastly, Cohen’s effect sizes (d) were calculated and α=0.05. RESULTS: Females had greater asymmetries for BMC and LM and lower IKDC scores compared to males post-ACLR (adjusted p≤0.027, d=0.40–0.74). Furthermore, a sex-dependent correlation was observed as tissue asymmetries were negatively correlated with IKDC scores for only females (all r≥0.755; p≤0.007). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested females with a history of ACLR have greater musculoskeletal tissue asymmetries compared to males, which are associated with lower perceptions of knee function. As such, sex-specific ACLR rehabilitation and musculoskeletal monitoring protocols may need to be developed as we aim to reduce females’ elevated risk for ACL reinjury

Optimal Control of Nonlocal Thermistor Equations

We are concerned with the optimal control problem of the well known nonlocal thermistor problem, i.e., in studying the heat transfer in the resistor device whose electrical conductivity is strongly dependent on the temperature. Existence of an optimal control is proved. The optimality system consisting of the state system coupled with adjoint equations is derived, together with a characterization of the optimal control. Uniqueness of solution to the optimality system, and therefore the uniqueness of the optimal control, is established. The last part is devoted to numerical simulations.Comment: Submitted 21-March-2012; revised 11-June-2012; accepted 13-June-2012; for publication in the International Journal of Contro

Infectious Diseases

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Pulmonary infections are caused by a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The most common lung infections in immunocompetent hosts are caused by pyogenic bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae), common respiratory viruses, and mycoplasma. These infections are usually diagnosed by clinical and microbiologic studies, including cultures and serology tests. Lung biopsy is rarely used in these diagnoses. Patients with life-threatening pneumonia, especially those who are immunocompromised, are more likely to undergo lung biopsy to rule out unusual infections not easily diagnosed using conventional microbiologic methods and for which treatment strategies may be different. Pathogens more likely to be diagnosed using lung biopsy for which there are characteristic pathologic changes are highlighted in this chapter and listed in Table 4.1

Molecular identification of adenoviruses associated with respiratory infection in Egypt from 2003 to 2010.

BACKGROUND: Human adenoviruses of species B, C, and E (HAdV-B, -C, -E) are frequent causative agents of acute respiratory infections worldwide. As part of a surveillance program aimed at identifying the etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Egypt, we characterized 105 adenovirus isolates from clinical samples collected between 2003 and 2010. METHODS: Identification of the isolates as HAdV was accomplished by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and confirmed by a set of species and type specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). RESULTS: Of the 105 isolates, 42% were identified as belonging to HAdV-B, 60% as HAdV-C, and 1% as HAdV-E. We identified a total of six co-infections by PCR, of which five were HAdV-B/HAdV-C co-infections, and one was a co-infection of two HAdV-C types: HAdV-5/HAdV-6. Molecular typing by PCR enabled the identification of eight genotypes of human adenoviruses; HAdV-3 (n = 22), HAdV-7 (n = 14), HAdV-11 (n = 8), HAdV-1 (n = 22), HAdV-2 (20), HAdV-5 (n = 15), HAdV-6 (n = 3) and HAdV-4 (n = 1). The most abundant species in the characterized collection of isolates was HAdV-C, which is concordant with existing data for worldwide epidemiology of HAdV respiratory infections. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three species, HAdV-B, -C and -E, among patients with ILI over the course of 7 years in Egypt, with at least eight diverse types circulating