Formation of Globular Clusters in Hierarchical Cosmology: ART and Science

We test the hypothesis that globular clusters form in supergiant molecular clouds within high-redshift galaxies. Numerical simulations demonstrate that such large, dense, and cold gas clouds assemble naturally in current hierarchical models of galaxy formation. These clouds are enriched with heavy elements from earlier stars and could produce star clusters in a similar way to nearby molecular clouds. The masses and sizes of the model clusters are in excellent agreement with the observations of young massive clusters. Do these model clusters evolve into globular clusters that we see in our and external galaxies? In order to study their dynamical evolution, we calculate the orbits of model clusters using the outputs of the cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-sized galaxy. We find that at present the orbits are isotropic in the inner 50 kpc of the Galaxy and preferentially radial at larger distances. All clusters located outside 10 kpc from the center formed in the now-disrupted satellite galaxies. The spatial distribution of model clusters is spheroidal, with a power-law density profile consistent with observations. The combination of two-body scattering, tidal shocks, and stellar evolution results in the evolution of the cluster mass function from an initial power law to the observed log-normal distribution. However, not all initial conditions and not all evolution scenarios are consistent with the observed mass function.Comment: 8 pages, invited review for conference "Globular Clusters, Guide to Galaxies", 6-10 March 2006, University of Concepcion, Chile, ed. T. Richtler, et a

Neutrosophic Rings I

In this paper, we present some elementary properties of neutrosophic rings. The structure of neutrosophic polynomial rings is also presented. We provide answers to the questions raised by Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache in [1] concerning principal ideals, prime ideals, factorization and Unique Factorization Domain in neutrosophic polynomial rings

Gender differences in relation of students to sports activity

The problem of gender approach in the modern physical education in schools is considered. The experiment was conducted with students of 5-11 grades of secondary schools in the city of Poltava in the amount of 419 people. By the experiment, the students were involved in I-year students (35 girls and 16 boys). It is noted that for the normal socialization are important sex and gender roles. They are associated with the awareness itself as the representative of a particular sex with the norms of behavior, characteristic of members of this sex. Show the direction of consideration for the interests, motivations, values in the process of physical education. Found that to attract students to the sports activity requires consideration of the physiological and morphological and functional characteristics of the individual through the process of gender mainstreaming in the school system

Splitting of the Speaker during the “Face-Work” of the Hearer

In the paper we present a method of speech situations’ analysis, in which the communicants work up their own “face” and the interlocutor’s “face”. The method is seeking to consider the perlocutionary intention of the speaker for himself, the perlocutionary intention of the speaker for the hearer, the evaluation by the speaker of the felicity of his perlocutionary intention for himself, the evaluation by the speaker of the felicity of his impact on the hearer

Problem of students’ deviant behaviour at higher education institutions in the context of digital transformation

Статья посвящена рассмотрению актуальной педагогической проблемы предупреждения девиантного учебного поведения, распространенного среди студентов учреждений высшего образования. Автором анализируются условия существования в практике образовательной деятельности обучаемых списывания, подсказок, компиляции, плагиата и иных негативных форм учебного поведения, реализуемого в информационно-коммуникационном пространстве в условиях цифровой трансформации современного социума. Учет выводимых автором положений будет способствовать решению задач повышения качества профессиональной подготовки молодых специалистов в Республике Беларусь.The article is devoted to the consideration of a current pedagogical problem of preventing deviant educational behavior that is common among students of higher education institutions. The author analyzes the conditions of the existence in the practice of educational activities of trainees of cheating, prompts, compilation, plagiarism and other negative forms of educational behavior implemented in the information and communication space in the context of the digital transformation of modern society. Taking into account the provisions expressed by the author will help to solve the problems of improving the quality of professional training of young specialists in the Republic of Belarus

Supporting document management in complex multitask environments

In this thesis, the challenges for the support of information workers in the domain of personal information management are addressed. In Chapter 1 three major challenges are identified: 1) information overload and fragmentation, 2) multitasking within an unstructured, frequently interrupted workflow, and 3) increasing mobility demand. It has been argued that dedicated support of current needs in personal information management will help to overcome the challenges, reduce information and cognitive overload, and facilitate performance of information workers. Investigating the current needs of information workers, one has to focus on those that are currently supported by paper document management and transfer the mechanisms of this support to the digital domain. Our studies have addressed the role of paper documents in dealing with each of the three identified challenges. In the first study, presented in Chapter 2, paper document management has been discussed in relation with information overload and fragmentation. The study used contextual interviewing technique, with participants interviewed at their workplace. The results showed that information workers keep actively using task-related collections of paper documents. By grouping task-related documents from different origins together, information workers create a representation of a "stable state" within a task, which helps to resume the task after an interruption that is almost inevitable in a multitasking environment. To investigate task-switching patterns, related to document manipulation, and factors influencing the occurrence of the patterns, an observational study was performed, described in Chapter 3. This study identified eight task switching patterns, which varied in the explicitness of an indication of a task state in the environment and in the level of subject’s activity directed to indicate the task state at the moments of switching. Among the identified influencing factors, the reason for the switch (self-switching or external interruption) had an effect on the occurrence of subjectactive patterns. Self-switching usually resulted in user-active document manipulation in the environment which could not be observed during external interruptions. The domain where the last action was performed also had an influence on the switching pattern, with active manipulation of documents occurring more often in the physical than in the digital domain. It has been concluded that, while switching tasks in an unstructured multitasking workflow, manipulation of paper documents plays an important role in creating a stable state at the moments of switching between tasks. We hypothesized that paper documents possess visually distinctive attributes that are associated with the semantics of the related tasks. By manipulating task-related documents at the moments of task switching, these visually distinctive attributes change, reflecting the changes in the task state. This hypothesis has been tested in a study using triad elicitation interview technique in combination with laddering, presented in Chapter 4. As a result, we developed a clustered model of relationships among identified visual cues of paper documents and semantic judgments of the tasks. The relationships among clusters have been analyzed based on three criteria: content-dependency, flexibility, and effort, which together define ease of manipulation for each cluster of visual cues. It has been concluded that physical environment, in particular, task-relevant paper documents, allow flexible encoding of task-related semantic cues into available environmental visual cues. This mechanism needs to be transferred to the digital domain, especially to support mobility of information workers. This research suggested that the extensive use of paper documents in the digital era can be largely explained by the embodiment of paper as a part of physical environment in which a human acts. Chapter 5 summarized the results of all studies into a set of requirements for the design of a personal information management system. We proposed a layered framework for presenting the requirements from the point of view of task decomposition and discussed the needs of the information workers related to each layer. For each of the aforementioned layers within the framework, requirements for the design of a digital system were presented and discussed in detail. Chapter 6 revised the challenges discussed in Chapter 1 from the point of view of the findings, summarized methodology and contribution of the research and reflected on the most prominent results

Reasons for Migration Decision Making and Migrants Security Notions

AbstractMigration is considered in terms of social psychology through the eyes of its immediate participants. It is argued that the decision to migrate is closely connected with security issues. The survey sample consisted of 80 migrants from former CIS countries. Main motives of going abroad treated in categories of “factual constraint” and “search for better life” were detected. It is indicated that mundane consciousness does not generalize migration reasons with regard to security categories. Migrants’ security notions under study demonstrate specifics of perceiving the surrounding world as threatening and dangerous

Basic functional components of economic security of integrated industrial structures

У статті досліджується значення інтегрованих промислових структур у вітчизняній економіці. Подано бачення сутності поняття економічної безпеки інтегрованої промислової структури. Зазначено основні функціональні складові економічної безпеки інтегрованої промислової структури та представлена їх характеристика.The article examines the importance of integrated industrial structures in the national economy. It comprises the vision of the essence of the concept of economic security integrated industrial structure, describing of the basic components of economic security functionality integrated industrial structure, their nature and considered her a threat functioning

Fractal Continual Model of Matter for Classification of Nanostructures, Clusters and Massive Bodies

It was shown that nanostructures and clusters can be considered as a continuous environment, such crystalline. Solid bodies can be classified by parameter of dimensionality of the vibrational spectrum