Measuring system for testing electrical parameters of EMCCDs of various formats

This article describes the developed equipment that allows measuring the photoelectrical parameters of multielement photodetectors, specifically various formats of EMCCD (electron multiplying charge-coupled device) chips. The authors present the measuring techniques and test results on dark currents, output amplifier sensitivity, charge transfer efficiency, charge capacity and other parameters. The studies were conducted, both on the wafer and in the body, on samples of the following formats: 576×288, 640×512, 768×576, 1024×1024, and 1280×1024.В данной статье описывается разработанное оборудование, позволяющее измерять фотоэлектрические параметры многоэлементных фотоприемников, в частности, различных форматов микросхем ПЗСЭУ (приборы с зарядовой связью и электронным умножением). Представляны методы измерения и результаты испытаний на темновые токи, чувствительность выходного усилителя, эффективность переноса заряда, зарядную емкость и другие параметры. Исследования проводились на образцах следующих форматов: 576×288, 640×512, 768×576, 1024×1024 и 1280×1024, как на пластине, так и в корпусе.В даній статті описано розроблену вимірювальну систему, що дозволяє досліджувати фотоелектричні параметри багатоелементних фотоприймачів, зокрема ПЗЗЕМ різних форматів. Представлено методики та результати вимірювань темнових струмів, чутливості вихідного підсилювача, ефективності передачі заряду, зарядової ємності та інших параметрів. Дослідження проводилися на зразках формату 576×288, 640×512, 768×576, 1024×1024, 1280×1024 як на пластинах, так і в корпусах

The state and prospects of development of national higher pharmaseutical education

The paper considers the materials of the Pharmacists Summit and International Pharmaceutical Congresses, in particular, the issue of achieving quality pharmaceutical education. It shows cause of the proper training process of pharmacy sector specialists in accordance with current state and requirements of the society and suggests a model of professional pharmaceutical education. According to the authors of the paper, the implementation of education quality in Ukraine calls for, first, professionally educated personnel in the pharmacy sector of healthcare; second, proper academic and university infrastructure for training future specialists within the system of higher pharmaceutical education; third, ensuring the high quality of higher pharmaceutical education on the basis of implementing the competence approach and taking into account international experience on pharmacy development. Increasing significance of the pharmacy branch in Ukraine is directly linked to the quality of training of pharmacy specialists, continuous improvement of the content of their education, implementation of new educational technologies, adapting higher pharmaceutical education to European standards. According to the authors, an important condition of ensuring effective professional training of future pharmacy specialists within the national system of higher pharmaceutical education is the following: firstly, considering public demand to the level of healthcare services, disease prevention; secondly, implementing the productive global experience on introducing customer service standards. The established prospects of the development of national higher pharmaceutical education include: 1) the adoption of ethical principles of training Masters of Pharmacy within the system of higher pharmaceutical education; 2) focus on European pharmacy standards which are based on high customer service standards; 3) improvement of the content of pharmacy specialist education taking into account the development of national pharmaceutical production; 4) ensuring the development of the clinical direction within the system of general pharmacist training

Kombucha microbiome as a probiotic: a view from the perspective of post-genomics and synthetic ecology

Probiotics are essential for establishing and maintaining optimal immune health. The probiotic therapy is known from alternative medicine for ages; however, the recent demonstration of the normal microflora to induce innate immunity has introduced the science-based concept of therapeutic application of potentially beneficial probiotic microorganisms for a treatment of functional disorders. Traditionally, probiotics are associated with dairy products, however, novel formulations are needed, first of all, originated from naturally occurring symbiotic microbial communities as the most robust assemblages. Especially, safe and robust probiotics are needed for long-term expeditions, outposts, extraterrestrial permanently-manned bases, where humans are exposed to adverse environmental factors. Kombucha beverage is Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) and associated with health-promoting effects. Kombucha tea/mat is being in use in human livings within millennia as a probiotic drink for healing and health prophylaxis effects, however, new research opportunities promise its «renaissance», going to be used pharmacologically

Best Practices for Teaching Chemistry Disciplines to Graduates Majoring in Pharmacy During the COVID-19 Restrictions: A Systematic Review

The purpose of the study was to identify the - interventions that can be adopted for teaching chemistry disciplines to the graduates majoring in Pharmacy (Mpharm) in Ukraine. The study employed a systematic review methodology and a qualitative approach to synthesising the sources. The triangular assessment method was used to rate the short-listed instructional interventions for feasibility, transferability, and duplicability in the settings of teaching chemistry disciplines to pharmacy graduates in Ukraine. The review found seven eligible publications for the analysis. It was identified that the shortlisted instructional models were technology-mediated and positively affected students’ skills and occupational knowledge. Three out of seven instructional models used chatbots and AI to automate the process of management of students learning activity which suggested that automation of the process of educational content delivery was becoming an emerging trend in instructional design. Having performed the triangular assessment method (TAM) analysis, three instructional models were given preference in terms of their use in medical education settings in Ukraine. These models were as follows: a) PhET simulations-based model, b) the model based on automated delivery of the course using the Smart Sender platform and c) the model based on automation of the Moodle-driven e-course using Dialogflow chatbot

Влияние природы органических растворителей на стабильность и активирующую способность коллоидных растворов SnCl2

The regularities of colloidal particles formation in the volume of acetone and glycol SnCl2 solutions in presence of a number of stabilizing additives have been investigated. It was found that in relation to oxidation and hydrolysis of Sn (II) acetone and glycol solutions are much more stable than aqueous and alcohol solutions. The factors influencing their mediation activity in relation to the fixation of an inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus-containing flame retardant on polyester matrix have been established. It has been proven that the formation of numerous homogeneous colloidal particles with sizes not exceeding 20-25 nm in the volume of SnCl2 solutions is a necessary condition for achieving a high mediating effect on fixing a fire retardant on a polyester surface.Исследованы закономерности формирования коллоидных частиц в ацетоновых и гликолевых растворах SnCl2 в присутствии ряда стабилизирующих добавок. Обнаружено, что ацетоновые и гликолевые растворы значительно более стабильны по отношению к окислению и гидролизу Sn(II), чем водные и спиртовые. Установлены факторы, влияющие на их медиативную активность по отношению к закреплению неорганического азот-фосфорсо-держащего замедлителя горения на полиэфирной матрице. Доказано, что необходимым условием достижения высокого медиативного эффекта по закреплению антипирена на полиэфирной поверхности является образование в объеме растворов SnCl2 многочисленных однородных коллоидных частиц с размерами, не превышающими 20-25 нм

To other planets with upgraded millennial kombucha in rhythms of sustainability and health support

Humankind has entered a new era of space exploration: settlements on other planetary bodies are foreseen in the near future. Advanced technologies are being developed to support the adaptation to extraterrestrial environments and, with a view on the longer term, to support the viability of an independent economy. Biological processes will likely play a key role and lead to the production of life-support consumables, and other commodities, in a way that is cheaper and more sustainable than exclusively abiotic processes. Microbial communities could be used to sustain the crews’ health as well as for the production of consumables, for waste recycling, and for biomining. They can self-renew with little resources from Earth, be highly productive on a per-volume basis, and be highly versatile—all of which will be critical in planetary outposts. Well-de!ned, semi-open, and stress-resistant microecosystems are particularly promising. An instance of it is kombucha, known worldwide as a microbial association that produces an eponymous, widespread soft drink that could be valuable for sustaining crews’ health or as a synbiotic (i.e., probiotic and prebiotic) after a rational assemblage of de!ned probiotic bacteria and yeasts with endemic or engineered cellulose producers. Bacterial cellulose products offer a wide spectrum of possible functions, from leather-like to innovative smart materials during long-term missions and future activities in extraterrestrial settlements. Cellulose production by kombucha is zero-waste and could be linked to bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) loops. Another advantage of kombucha lies in its ability to mobilize inorganic ions from rocks, which may help feed BLSS from local resources. Besides outlining those applications and others, we discuss needs for knowledge and other obstacles, among which is the biosafety of microbial producers

BIOINFORMATIC SEARCH OF CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM STRUCTURES IN GENOME OF PCT281 PLASMID OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. CHINENSIS STRAIN CT-43

Background. CRISPR/Cas systems loci are one of the functionally important patterns in bacterial genome which perform the role of “adaptive immune defense” from foreign nucleic acids. The study of CRISPR/Cas systems structure in genomes of plasmids and phages provide new information about the evolution of this systems in bacterial hosts.Aims. A search of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in pCT281 plasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. chinensis strain CT-43 using bioinformatic methods.Materials and methods. Search studies using bioinformatics methods were performed with the genome of pCT281 plasmid of B. thuringiensis subsp. chinensis strain CT-43 from the RefSeq database. To search for the CRISPR/Cas system structure MacSyFinder (ver. 1.0.5) and three combined algorithms were used: CRISPRFinder; PILER-CR; CRISPR Recognition Tool (CRT). The consensus repeat sequence was generated in WebLogo 3.Results and discussion. In pCT281 plasmid we detected one locus of CRISPR/Cas system of the type I-C which contains 2 CRISPR-cassettes and 4 cas-genes located between them. The CRISPR-cassette 1 includes 10 spacers from 32 to 35 bp and 11 repeats 32bp in length. 5 spacers (33–35 bp) separated by 6 repeats 32 bp in length were detected in the CRISPR-cassette 2.Conclusions. The bioinformatic methods used in this study enable to conduct a search of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in plasmid genomes. The presence of the CRISPR-Cas locus in pCT281 plasmid confirms a possible transfer of this system from the nucleoid to this plasmid. The detected spacers provide information about phages this bacteria was encountered