Microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling versus nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SN H) in 5-bromopyrimidine by action of bithiophene and its analogues

5-Bromopyrimidine reacts with 2,2′-bithiophene, [2,2′:5′, 2″]terthiophene and 2-phenylthiophene in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give 5-(het)aryl substituted pyrimidines due to the palladium-catalyzed aryl-aryl C-C coupling. However 5-bromo-4-(het)aryl- pyrimidines have been prepared from the same starting materials through the SN H-reaction catalyzed by a Lewis acid. Conditions for both types of reactions were optimized. All components of the reaction mixtures, including by-products, have been elucidated by gas-liquid chromatography/mass- spectrometry. Evidence for the structure of 4- and 5-bithiophenyl-substituted pyrimidines has first been obtained by means of X-ray crystallography analysis. Molecular orbital calculations (TDDFT), as well as the redox and optical measurements for all new compounds have also been performed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Study Of Technical Cellulose As A Matrix-Sorbent To Develop Express Analytic System For Water Safety Control

The study presented by the authors is devoted to the study of the properties and the possibility of using technical cellulose from non-wood plant raw materials as a solid-phase matrix to obtain solid-phase reactive indicator systems by the following methods: synthesis method on the base of a hetarylformazane immobilized on a cellulose matrix and development of analytical systems based on preconcentration of the determined metal ion by a matrix with subsequent its «revealing» by the formazan («revealing» method). The article focuses on determination of optimal combinations of chromogenic organic reagents (hetarylformazanes) and cellulose-based matrices for developing solid-phase reaction-based indicator systems. Adsorption features of formazan reagents onto cellulose matrices was studied. It has been established the relation between the reagent molecule structure, composition of cellulose matrix and analytical properties of the test-systems synthesized to determine metal ions. Different approaches were developed and applied to reveal the visually observable and easily measured effect due to cellulose properties as well as properties of hetarylformazanes fixed on the surface of the matrix. This fact allows to control sensitivity and selectivity of solid-phase reactive indicator systems for water quality assessment. © 2021 Altai State University. All rights reserved

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ХЕМИЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫХ ГРАНУЛОЦИТОВ БОЛЬНЫХ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫМ ГНОЙНЫМ ПЕРИТОНИТОМ В ДИНАМИКЕ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОГО ПЕРИОДА

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical condition and to study the chemiluminescent activity of granulocytes of patients with widespread purulent peritonitis in the dynamics of post-operative treatment. The severity of the patients was determined by the SAPS scale, the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was assessed by the criteria of the ACCP/SCCM. Severity and prognosis of the disease was evaluated using the Mannheim peritonitis index and the index of abdominal cavity. The severity of multiple organ failure at admission to the hospital and in postoperative period dynamics were determined by the scale of the SOFA. The study of lucigenin- and luminal-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils in peritonitis were taken on admission to the hospital, and on the 7th, 14th and 24th day of the postoperative period. There were a variety of systemic complications (tertiary peritonitis, perforation of hollow organs, abscesses of the abdominal cavity and other) in patients with widespread purulent peritonitis 2nd severity in 96,2% of cases. The mortality rate among patients amounted to 22.2%. It was found in the study of neutrophils chemiluminescent activity that intensity of the “respiratory burst” in pre- and postoperative periods in patients with peritonitis is defined mainly by the synthesis level of secondary reactive oxygen species. The level of synthesis of superoxide radicals by neutrophils in a state of relative dormancy, increased by 14 days after the operation and is reduced to the reference level to the 21st day. In the preoperative period and before the end of the observation level of synthesis of secondary reactive oxygen species by neutrophils of patients with peritonitis was increased, but is on the background of the slow activation of enzymes, providing a “respiratory burst”. Trend towards normalization of neutrophils chemiluminescent activity in the blood of patients with peritonitis by the end of the observation period (24th day of the postoperative period).Целью исследования явилась оценка клинического состояния и изучение хемилюминесцентной активности нейтрофильных гранулоцитов больных распространенным гнойным перитонитом в динамике послеоперационного лечения. Степень тяжести состояния больных определяли по шкале SAPS, наличие синдрома системной воспалительной реакции – по критериям ACCP/SCCM. Тяжесть и прогноз заболевания оценивали с помощью Мангеймского индекса перитонита и индекса брюшной полости. Наличие и степень выраженности полиорганной недостаточности при поступлении и в динамике послеоперационного периода определяли по шкале SOFA. Исследование люцигенин- и люминол-зависимой хемилюминесценции нейтрофилов при перитоните производили при поступлении в стационар, а также на 7-е, 14-е и 24-е сут послеоперационного периода. У обследованных больных с диагнозом «Распространенный гнойный перитонит 2-й степени тяжести» в 96,2% случаев наблюдались различные системные осложнения (третичный перитонит, перфорации полых органов, абсцессы брюшной полости и др.). Летальность среди обследованных составила 22,2%. При исследовании хемилюминесцентной активности нейтрофильных гранулоцитов установлено, что у больных перитонитом в до- и послеоперационном периодах интенсивность «дыхательного взрыва» определяется преимущественно уровнем синтеза вторичных активных форм кислорода. Уровень синтеза супероксид-радикала нейтрофилами, находящимися в состоянии относительного покоя, повышается только на 14-сут после операции и снижается до контрольных значений к 21-м сут. При индукции «дыхательного взрыва» уровень синтеза супероксид-радикала повышается на 7-е сут послеоперационного периода и остается высоким до конца наблюдения. За весь период наблюдения уровень синтеза вторичных активных форм кислорода нейтрофилами больных перитонитом повышен на фоне замедленной активации ферментов, обеспечивающих «дыхательный взрыв». К концу периода наблюдения (24-е сут послеоперационного периода) выявляется тенденция к нормализации хемилюминесцентной активности нейтрофилов крови больных перитонитом

Thyroid status of children having hyperactivity and attention-defisit syndrome

The article presents the results of examining pre-school children diagnosed as having hyperactivity and attention-deficit syndrome, prevalence and types of dyslexic disorders, minor motility, hyperactivity as well as the information about thyrotropic, thyroid hormones and T-cohesive ability in blood and oral fluid. Hyperactive behaviour of school children is a crucial medical and social problem today. This problem is dealt with by various specialists, such as neurologists, pediatricians, psychologists and teachers. Such phenomena as variability, different clinical manifestations, varied methodology of testing children in order to define the clinical forms of the syndrome by different specialists leads to the lack of accurate terminology and objective diagnostic criteria. The data about the patients diagnosed as having hyperactivity and attention-deficit syndrome described in the periodicals are mostly concerned with children aged 6-11 [1, 2].Consequently the children of a younger age, adolescents and adults are not given due attention

Thyroid status of children having hyperactivity and attention-deficit syndrome

The article presents the results of examining pre-school children diagnosed as having hyperactivity and attention-deficit syndrome, prevalence and types of dyslexic disorders, minor motility, hyperactivity as well as the information about thyrotropic, thyroid hormones and T-cohesive ability in blood and oral fluid

REGULATORY INFLUENCE OF BLOOD MONOCYTES ON THE POPULATION COMPOSITION OF GRANULOCYTES AND THE STATE OF THEIR RESPIRATORY BURST IN THE WIDESPREAD PURULENT PERITONITIS

The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory effect of monocytes and their subpopulations on the population composition  of granulocyte leukocytes and the state of their respiratory burst in  widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP). The study involved 24  patients aged 30-65 with acute surgical diseases and injuries of  abdominal organs complicated by WPP. As a control 25 relatively  healthy people of the same age range were examined. A study of the population composition of monocytes and granulocyte leukocytes in  blood was performed using a two-platform technology on the  hematological analyzer Sysmex XE-5000 (Sysmex Inc., USA) and  FC-500 flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) using the Cytodiff antibody kit (Beckman Coulter, USA). A study of the  monocytes number expressing HLA-DR- and CD64-receptor was performed by flow cytometry using direct immunofluorescence  of whole peripheral blood. The respiratory burst state of neutrophilic granulocytes was studied by chemiluminescence analysis on a 36-channel chemiluminescence analyzer BLM-3607 (MedBioTech, Russia). As indicators of chemiluminescence  were used luminol and lucigenin. The enhancement of  chemiluminescence induced by zymosan was evaluated by the ratio  of the area of the induced chemiluminescence to the spontaneous area and was defined as the activation index. It has  been established that the immune-inflammatory process in WPP is  characterized by a decrease in the number of classical monocytes in  the peripheral blood and an increase in the content of non-classical  monocytes. In WPP in peripheral blood the level of monocytes  expressing HLA-DR receptors decreases. The change in the ratio of  monocytes subpopulations characterizes the increase in the role of  the proinflammatory fraction in the WPP pathogenesis. Changes in  the population composition of granulocytes in the blood in patients  with WPP also characterize the development of an acute  inflammatory process. In this case, there is a decrease in the  number of basophils in the peripheral blood, which, apparently, is  determined by the presence of an allergic component in WPP and,  accordingly, their migration to the inflammation area. In patients  with WPP activation of a respiratory burst of granulocytes of blood  was detected, the intensity of which is determined by the synthesis  of primary and secondary active oxygen species. The results of the  correlation analysis made it possible to establish that in WPP the  regulatory role of non-classical monocytes increases aimed at  stimulating the inflammatory processes (an increase in the number  of mature and immature forms of neutrophils and stimulation of the activity of a respiratory explosion of granulocytes). The revealed features of the regulatory effect of monocytes on the population  composition and the intensity of the respiratory burst of granulocytes can be used in the development of immunotherapeutic methods aimed at reducing the activity of the inflammatory process in WPP

Peculiarities of the phenotype of T-lymphocytes in the dynamics of the postoperating period in patients with peritonite depending on the outcome of disease

The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotype of blood T-lymphocytes in the dynamics of the postoperative period in patients with widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP) depending on the outcome of the disease. A total of 36 patients aged 30–65 with acute surgical diseases and abdominal injuries complicated by WPP years were examined. Blood sampling was performed before the operation (preoperative period), and also on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of the postoperative period. 40 relatively healthy people of the same age range were examined as a control. Study of the phenotype of blood T-lymphocytes was carried out by the method of 5-color f low cytometry using direct immunof luorescence of whole peripheral blood. Mean levels of fluorescence were used to evaluate the expression levels of surface receptors. It was established that in the preoperative period in patients with WPP regardless of the outcome of the disease against the background of a decrease in the absolute amount of total lymphocytes in the blood the content of T cells increases. The T-lymphocytes of patients with WPP are significantly more intense expressing the CD28 and CD62L receptors than the cells of healthy people. In the preoperative period and within two weeks of postoperative treatment with a favorable outcome of the WPP an increased amount of CD62L+T-lymphocytes is detected in comparison with the indices of patients with an unfavorable outcome of the disease. Other features of the phenotypic composition of T-lymphocytes in patients with a favorable outcome of WPP is an increase in T-regulatory activity which manifests itself both in the preoperative period and within two weeks of postoperative treatment. With a favorable outcome of WPP an increase in the number of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is observed on the 14th day of treatment which with an unfavorable outcome is observed only on the 21st day of treatment. It is assumed that T-cell suppression and activation of cytotoxic T cells are the factors determining a decrease in the intensity of inflammatory processes in WPP and thereby increasing the level of the favorable outcome of the disease. In case of an unfavorable outcome of the disease, postoperative therapy has a weaker or delayed effect on the dynamics of the studied parameters than with a favorable outcome. With a favorable outcome of WPP an increase in the CD3+CD57+cell count is observed already from the second week of treatment and is more pronounced whereas in the case of an adverse outcome of WPP an increase in the level of these cells is observed only at the third week of treatment. However, the level of expression of CD57 on T-lymphocytes is more pronounced throughout the course of the examination with an unfavorable outcome of WPP

Diagnostics of postnecrotic pancreatic cysts (review of literature)

The problem of diagnosing postnecrotic cysts of the pancreas is considered in this article. The characteristics of laboratory (determination of the level of amylase, cytological research of punctate, determination of tumor markers) and radiation (ultrasound, endosonography, RCP, MSCT, etc.) methods of research of this pathology are presented, their specificity in the differential diagnosis of cystic formations, depressurization of the main pancreatic duct and formation of the cyst wall is considered. We concluded that the use of radiation methods of research significantly improves the diagnosis of pseudocyst of the pancreas and allows to choose a rational treatment tactics and an adequate surgical intervention