Прооксидантно-антиоксидантний гомеостаз у кнурів-плідників залежно від типів вищої нервової діяльності

The peculiarities of formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAG) in boars of different types of higher nervous activity have been studied. Using motor-nutritional techniques, it has been opposed adult boars of the Large White breed aged 24–36 months according to the main types of higher nervous activity (HNA). Four groups of 3 heads each were formed. The first group includes animals of a strong balanced lively (mobile) type; group II includes a strong balanced calm (inert) type; group III includes a strong unbalanced (unrestrained) type; group IV includes a weak type of higher nervous activity. Sperm was received from boars manually, taking into account the total time of ejaculation, dividing the ejaculate into 4 fractions – F1 – the first, F2 – the second, F3 – the third, F4 – the fourth. PAGs in blood and ejaculates of boars were evaluated by the intensity of peroxidation processes (xanthine oxidase, diene conjugates, TBA-active compounds) and antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E). Sperm contained higher amounts of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes (P < 0.05) compared to blood. The second tissue relative to the first one is characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defense: catalase activity, concentration of ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E. The process of PAG formation in the tissues of boars depends on the type of higher nervous activity (HNA). Thus, in individuals of a strong balanced lively and calm type, the course of peroxidation processes is somewhat slower because of a lower concentration of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes. It was determined the fact that in blood and sperm of boars of strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA the course of peroxidation is more intense, the antioxidant defense system is at a lower level that is connected with less superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05), concentration of ascorbic acid (P < 0.001), vitamin A (P < 0.01–0.001), and vitamin E (P < 0.001). In the second and third fractions of ejaculate of boars, the PAG is shifted in the direction of probable acceleration of peroxidation processes, especially in strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA because of a higher concentration of diene conjugates, dehydroascorbic acid. Animals of a strong balanced lively and calm types of HNA are characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defence – catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin E. In the first and fourth fractions of ejaculate, peroxidation processes are slower and there is no superoxide dismutase activity and the amount of vitamin A and vitamin E.Досліджено особливості формування прооксидантно-антиоксидантного гомеостазу (ПАГ) у кнурів-плідників різних типів вищої нервової діяльності. Використовуючи рухово-харчову методику, протиповано дорослих кнурів-плідників великої білої породи віком 24–36 місяців за основними типами вищої нервової діяльності (ВНД). Сформовано чотири групи по 3 голови в кожній. До I групи зачислено тварин сильного врівноваженого жвавого (рухливого); II групи – сильного врівноваженого спокійного (інертного); III групи – сильного неврівноваженого (нестримного); IV групи – слабкого типів вищої нервової діяльності. Сперму отримували від кнурів-плідників мануально з урахуванням загального часу еякуляції, розділяючи еякулят на 4 фракції – F1 – перша, F2 – друга, F3 – третя, F4 – четверта. ПАГ у крові та еякулятах кнурів-плідників оцнінювали за інтенсивністю процесів пероксидного окиснення (ксантиноксидаза, дієнові кон’югати, ТБК-активні сполуки) і системи антиоксидантного захисту (супероксиддисмутаза, каталаза, відновлений глутатіон, аскорбінова кислота, вітамін А і вітамін Е). У спермі виявлено вищу кількість дієнових кон’югантів та ТБК-активних комплексів (Р < 0,05), порівняно з кров’ю. Друга тканина щодо першої характеризується більшим рівнем антиоксидантного захисту: активністю каталази, концентрацією аскорбінової кислоти, вітаміну А і вітаміну Е. Процес формування ПАГ у тканинах кнурів-плідників залежить від типу вищої нервової діяльності. Так, в особин сильного врівноваженого жвавого і спокійного типів перебіг процесів пероксидації дещо сповільнений – менша концентрація дієнових кон’югантів і ТБК-активних комплексів. Встановлено, що у крові та спермі кнурів-плідників сильного неврівноваженого і слабкого типів ВНД перебіг процесів пероксидації відбувається інтенсивніше, система антиоксидантного захисту на нижчому рівні – менша активність супероксиддисмутази (Р < 0,05), концентрація аскорбінової кислоти (Р < 0,001), вітаміну А (Р < 0,01–0,001), та вітаміну Е (Р < 0,001). У другій і третій фракціях еякуляту кнурів-плідників ПАГ зміщується в напрямі вірогідного прискорення процесів пер оксидації, особливо у сильного неврівноваженого і слабкого типів ВНД – більша концентрація дієнових кон’югатів, дегідроаскорбінової кислоти. Тварини сильного врівноваженого жвавого і спокійного типів ВНД характеризуються вищим рівнем антиоксидантного захисту – активністю каталази, супероксиддисмутази, кількістю відновленого глутатіону, аскорбінової кислоти і вітаміну Е. У першій і четвертій фракціях еякуляту процеси пероксидації відбуваються повільніше та відсутні активність супероксиддисмутази, вітамін А і вітамін Е

Anthocyanins as functional food components

Among the natural pigments, anthocyanins are assumed to represent one of the most studied groups. Starting with the first studies on the physicochemical properties of anthocyanins carried out in the 17th century by British naturalist Robert Boyle, the science about these unique compounds has progressed substantially. To date, the structure and functions of anthocyanins in plant cells have been well studied, and the pathway of their biosynthesis is one of the most fully characterized pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis at both the biochemical and genetic levels. Along with these fundamental achievements, we are beginning to realize the potential of anthocyanins as compounds of industrial importance, as pigments themselves, as well as components of functional food that contribute to the prevention and reduction of risk of chronic diseases. For a long time, the biological activity of anthocyanins has been underestimated, in particular, due to the data on their low bioavailability. However, studies showed that in humans and animals, these compounds are actively metabolized and the bioavailability, estimated taking into account their metabolites, exceeded 12 %. It has been experimentally shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective properties, and they are beneficial for eye health. However, the studies conducted cannot always explain the molecular mechanism of action of anthocyanins in the human body. According to some reports, the observed effects are not due to the action of anthocyanins themselves, but to their metabolites, which can be more biologically active because of their increased bioavailability. Other data ascribe the positive effect on human health not to individual anthocyanins, but to the whole complex of polyphenolic compounds consumed. The review summarizes the results of the studies of anthocyanins as components of functional food. Special attention is paid to genetic control of the pigment synthesis. These data are of particular importance in respect to the initiated breeding programs aimed at increasing the content of anthocyanins in cultural plants

Experience of using multielectrode catheter systems to perform radiofrequency renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension: immediate procedural effects

Aim. To investigate the baseline characteristics of patients with resistant hypertension (HTN) undergoing radiofrequency renal sympathetic denervation (RD) and to determine immediate procedural effects.Material and methods. During 2018-2019, two series of radiofrequency RD procedures were performed in patients with true resistant HTN using balloon-type (bipolar ablation) or spiral-type (unipolar ablation) multielectorde catheters. The basic demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of included patients were assessed. A comparative analysis of two groups was carried out depending on the type of catheter used. Dynamics of office systolic blood pressure (SBP) were assessed as ∆ between the two following timepoints: at screening and at hospital discharge. The safety of radiofrequency RD was assessed. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors associated with the ∆ of office SBP after radiofrequency RD.Results. A total of 48 patients taking 4 (4;6) antihypertensive drugs were sequentially included. Radiofrequency RD was performed with a balloon-type catheter in 27 patients (mean age, 56±12 years old; 12 males) and with a spiral-type catheter in 21 patients (50±14 years old; 8 males). Radiofrequency RD was significantly longer in the spiral catheter group than in balloon one (110 versus 60 minutes, p<0,001), as was the mean number of RF applications (24 versus 12, p=0,002). None of the patients had acute kidney injury after RD (creatinine ∆, -0,6 µmol/L; 95% CI [-3,97; 2,78]). A total of 4 patients had complications (3 femoral arterial pseudoaneurisms, one renal arterial dissection), all of which did not affect the average length of hospital stay (from 4 to 5 days). At discharge, there was a pronounced decrease in office SBP (adjusted for baseline characteristics) with the mean of -26 mm Hg (95% CI [-29; -23]). There were following main factors associated with the office SBP ∆: smoking status (positive), baseline office SBP (positive), and blood glucose (negative).Conclusion. Radiofrequency RD using multielectode catheters is characterized by favorable short-term hemodynamic effects. We have found novel potential predictors of these effects. Further research will focus on testing initial hypotheses in the long term

INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHOTOPIC HEART TRANSPLANTATION

This article presents a retrospective analysis of infectious complications in the structure of morbidity and mortality of the patients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. A significant role was assigned to the predisposing to in- fection factors. This study was based on the two years heart transplantation experience in the Republic of Belarus

Leaf traits of C3- and C4-plants indicating climatic adaptation along a latitudinal gradient in Southern Siberia and Mongolia

Increasing aridity is one of the most important trends of current climate change. Leaf functional traits suggest a substantial basis for assessing the aridity effects on vegetation. However, since plants possess diverse leaf morphology and anatomy due to different evolutionary history of taxa, the effect of aridity can hardly be revealed in a multi-species analysis. We studied leaf functional traits for 317 samples of 193 plant species in steppe and desert communities along a 1600-km latitudinal gradient in Southern Siberia (Transbaikalia, Russia) and Mongolia. We determined morphological leaf traits, quantitative anatomical parameters, physiological parameters, and photosynthetic pigments content. Different relevance of leaf traits for indication of plant response to climate has been demonstrated. The clearest changes in site-mean values along the aridity gradient were shown for leaf thickness, total chloroplast number per leaf area (Nchl/A) and total surface area of chloroplasts (Achl/A) and cells (Ames/A) per leaf area. Unlike leaf size and leaf mass per area, these quantitative mesophyll parameters related to plant photosynthetic capacity were strongly correlated with climate. We found no evidence for a decrease in sizes of mesophyll cells with aridity, but cell volume as well as chloroplast number per cell were linked with plant functional type (PFT). We revealed an increase in Nchl/A and Achl/A in desert-steppe species in comparison to steppe and forest-steppe vegetation types within each PFT of C3-plants (C3-dicot herbs, C3-dicot shrubs, C3-monocots and C3-succulents). C4-plants were generally characterized by low Achl/A and Ames/A, but had higher rate of CO2-transfer through mesophyll and chloroplast surfaces. C3- and C4-plants differed in response to aridity and showed opposite trends in changes of leaf traits along the aridity gradient. We conclude that leaf mesophyll traits contribute to important mechanism of climatic adaptation in different PFTs along a large latitudinal gradient. © 2018 Elsevier GmbHRussian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: АААА-А17-117072810011-1, 17-29-05019, АААА-А17-117011810036-3The authors are deeply indebted Joint Russian-Mongolian Complex Biological Expedition RAS and MAS, who supported the field observation and data collection used in this study. The analytical part of this research has been partially supported by RFBR grant 17-29-05019 , and partly by project №АААА-А17-117072810011-1 of Russian Federal Budget . The research of O.A. Anenkhonov was carried out using the framework of project № АААА-А17-117011810036-3 supported by the Russian Federal Budget

β-Catenin is involved in alterations in mitochondrial activity in non-transformed intestinal epithelial and colon cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Alteration in respiratory activity and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription seems to be an important feature of cancer cells. Leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) is a proinflammatory mediator implicated in the pathology of chronic inflammation and cancer. We have shown earlier that LTD(4) causes translocation of beta-catenin both to the mitochondria, in which it associates with the survival protein Bcl-2 identifying a novel role for beta-catenin in cell survival, and to the nucleus in which it activates the TCF/LEF transcription machinery. METHODS: Here we have used non-transformed intestinal epithelial Int 407 cells and Caco-2 colon cancer cells, transfected or not with wild type and mutated (S33Y) beta-catenin to analyse its effect on mitochondria activity. We have measured the ATP/ADP ratio, and transcription of the mtDNA genes ND2, ND6 and 16 s in these cells stimulated or not with LTD(4). RESULTS: We have shown for the first time that LTD(4) triggers a cellular increase in NADPH dehydrogenase activity and ATP/ADP ratio. In addition, LTD(4) significantly increased the transcription of mtDNA genes. Overexpression of wild-type beta-catenin or a constitutively active beta-catenin mutant mimicked the effect of LTD(4) on ATP/ADP ratio and mtDNA transcription. These elevations in mitochondrial activity resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and subsequent activations of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS: The present novel data show that LTD(4), presumably through beta-catenin accumulation in the mitochondria, affects mitochondrial activity, lending further credence to the idea that inflammatory signalling pathways are intrinsically linked with potential oncogenic signals

Ligand-Induced Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 Triggers Internalization and Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) belongs to the bioactive lipid group known as eicosanoids and has implications in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Leukotriene D(4) exerts its effects mainly through two different G-protein-coupled receptors, CysLT(1) and CysLT(2). The high affinity LTD(4) receptor CysLT(1)R exhibits tumor-promoting properties by triggering cell proliferation, survival, and migration in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, increased expression and nuclear localization of CysLT(1)R correlates with a poorer prognosis for patients with colon cancer

Пути улучшения диагностики и лечения поражения легких при системной склеродермии на территории Сибирского федерального округа (материалы совместного совета экспертов ревматологов и пульмонологов от 8.12.2019)

The aim of the study was to develop ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-ILD. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of SSc. In the territory of the Siberian Federal District (SFD), the number of patients with the progressive phenotype of SSc-ILD is approximately 750 people. When immunosuppressive therapy is ineffective and pulmonary fibrosis progresses, lung transplantation is indicated. The emergence of new possibilities of pathogenetic therapy currently requires studying the possibilities of their applications in real clinical practice on the territory of the SFD.Discussion. The results of a discussion of diagnostics, therapy, and routing of a rheumatology patient during the interdisciplinary observation of SSc-ILD in the SFD are presented. The reason for this discussion was the new data on the use of nintedanib in this category of patientsConclusion. To improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with SSc in the SFD, it is necessary to implement the principle of a multidisciplinary approach with the obligatory involvement of a pulmonologist and a radiologist (a specialist in CT diagnostics), and, if differential diagnosis is necessary in difficult clinical situations, of a pathomorphologist. An urgent task is the introduction of an algorithm for examining patients with SSc for the timely diagnosis of ILD in the territory of the Siberian Federal District. To improve the quality of medical care in the territory of the SFD for patients with ILD-SSc it is necessary to create a reference center in the city of Novosibirsk with the possibility of initiating anti-fibrosis therapy.Введение. Поражение легких у больных ССД является одним из наиболее частых проявлений висцеральной патологии и рассматривается как вариант фиброзирующих диффузных интерстициальных заболеваний легких (ИЗЛ). Несмотря на продемонстрированную эффективность патогенетической иммуносупрессивной терапии, у ряда пациентов фиброзные изменения в легочной ткани имеют прогрессирующее течение, что негативно сказывается на качестве и продолжительности жизни пациента. На территории Сибирского федерального округа (СФО) количество пациентов с ССД, имеющих прогрессирующее поражение легких, составляет приблизительно 750 человек. Таким образом, проблема своевременной диагностики и лечения поражения легких при ССД оказывается весьма актуальной и для СФО. Имеющиеся в настоящее время данные об эффективности современной противофиброзной терапии ИЗЛ при ССД требуют изучения возможности ее применения в реальной клинической практике на территории СФО.Цель. Разработать пути улучшения диагностики и лечения поражений легких при системной склеродермии (ССД).Обсуждение. Представлены результаты междисциплинарного обсуждения вопросов диагностики, терапии, маршрутизации пациентов с ССД и ИЗЛ на территории СФО. Причиной данного обсуждения явилось появление сведений об эффективности нинтеданиба у данной категории пациентов.Заключение. Для повышения эффективности диагностики и лечения больных ССД с поражением легких необходимо реализовать принцип мультидисциплинарного подхода с обязательным привлечением пульмонолога и рентгенолога (специалиста по КТ-диагностике), а при необходимости дифференциальной диагностики в сложных клинических ситуациях – патоморфолога. Актуальной задачей оказывается внедрение на территории СФО алгоритма обследования пациентов с ССД для своевременной диагностики ИЗЛ. Для повышения качества оказания медицинской помощи на территории СФО пациентам с ИЗЛ при ССД необходимо создать референсный центр в г.  Новосибирске с возможностью инициации специалистами этого центра антифибротической терапии

Cтратегии и технологии инновационного развития корпораций

У монографії представлено результати дослідження й систематизації теоретичних, науково-методологічних і практичних положень та розробок щодо стратегій та технологій інноваційного розвитку корпорацій. Запропоновано і обґрунтовано технології управління інноваційним розвитком підприємств, стратегії розвитку бізнесу, визначено сучасні реалії та тенденції корпоративного маркетингу, культури та соціальної відповідальності бізнесу, запропоновано нові підходи у корпоративному управлінні, обґрунтовано доцільність використання краудтехнологій фінансування інноваційних проектів, визначено підхо-ди щодо управління персоналом корпорацій в поведінковій економіці. Для науковців та фахівців сфери економіки та управління підприємствам