Intracortical Dentate Fascia Grafts: Mossy Fiber Synapses in the Host Neocortex

Embryonic dentate fascia was grafted into a cavity in the area of the adult rat neocortex which represents the vibrissae (barrel field). We wished to test the possibility of development of connections between the two brain areas which do not have synaptic or tissue contacts in situ The unique characteristics of the giant synaptic boutons of the dentate mossy fibers were used for detection of the dentate synaptic contacts with neocortical neurons at the electron microscopic level. Ultrastructural analysis nine months postgrafting has shown that the bundles of mossy axons eter the host neocortex and develop multiple terminal and en passant contacts with typical characteristics. Neuronal perikarya, large dendritic trunks and fine caliber terminal dendritic branches were used by the mossy fibers as postsynaptic targets, as well as spines of various complexity and configurations. The subsynaptic dendrites seemed to be modified by synapsing giant boutons. Accumulation of cytoplasmic organelles was observed at these sites. Various bumps and protuberances were formed by the subsynaptic dendrite surface. The contents of these appendages were variable; some of them contained organeiles typical of dendroplasm, while others were more spine-like, often with inclusion of ribosomes. It is concluded that mossy fibers growing into the host neocortex can develop typical contacts with inappropriate targets with all the ultrastructural features of functional synapses

Young's modulus of polyelectrolyte multilayers from microcapsule swelling

We measure Young's modulus of a free polyelectrolyte multilayer film by studying osmotically induced swelling of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules filled with the polyelectrolyte solution. Different filling techniques and core templates were used for the capsule preparation. Varying the concentration of the polyelectrolyte inside the capsule, its radius and the shell thickness yielded an estimate of an upper limit for Young's modulus of the order of 100 MPa. This corresponds to an elastomer and reflects strong interactions between polyanions and polycations in the multilayer

Nonlinear acoustic waves in channels with variable cross sections

The point symmetry group is studied for the generalized Webster-type equation describing non-linear acoustic waves in lossy channels with variable cross sections. It is shown that, for certain types of cross section profiles, the admitted symmetry group is extended and the invariant solutions corresponding to these profiles are obtained. Approximate analytic solutions to the generalized Webster equation are derived for channels with smoothly varying cross sections and arbitrary initial conditions.Comment: Revtex4, 10 pages, 2 figure. This is an enlarged contribution to Acoustical Physics, 2012, v.58, No.3, p.269-276 with modest stylistic corrections introduced mainly in the Introduction and References. Several typos were also correcte

Interannual variability of the Black Sea Proper oxygen and nutrients regime: The role of climatic and anthropogenic forcing

The Black Sea is a unique, stratified, enclosed ocean basin of great importance. The water column provides a wealth of information concerning aerobic-anaerobic biogeochemistry, the responses of which can have links to anthropogenic and climatic forcing. Herein, we synthesize dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrient data (phosphate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and silicate) for the period 1984-2010 received in the northeastern and western areas of the Sea. In the subsequent analysis we discuss the role of anthropogenic and climatic forcing in the context of the Black Sea oxic layer and oxic/anoxic interface characteristics.The DO concentration in the surface layer and in the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) decreased in warm periods and increased in cold periods, correlating to North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index variation. The biogeochemical regime of the Black Sea oxygenated upper layer has notably changed since 1999. After 1999 DO concentration in the CIL decreased by 20% while the concentrations in the surface layer changed very little. This provides evidence that the CIL waters were not fully replenished during the winters of the last decade.The nutrient concentrations (DIN and phosphate) in the surface layer decreased significantly in the 2000s compared with the 1980s-1990s. This decrease is regarded as improvement of the Black Sea ecosystem state. Oxygen and nutrient dynamics in the middle pycnocline have been decoupled since 1999. Presently physical (climatic) forcing is the dominant affecting factor controlling the Sea oxygen and nitrogen regime. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

Прогнозирование оттока депозитов населения на основе интенсивности поисковых запросов

The subject of the study is the intensity of targeted search queries as a leading indicator of bank deposits outflow. The goal is to propose a mechanism for accounting information about the dynamics of search queries, able to signal changes in the volumes of deposits of individuals. The study was conducted using time series analysis models. Statistical data of Rosstat, Bank of Russia, searches in Yandex wordstat, Google Trends for the period from February 2009 to May 2022 were used. The relationship between the intensity of targeted search queries and household decisions to withdraw money from deposits and bank accounts was revealed. An assessment of the short-term predictive ability of search queries on dynamics of deposits was carried out. The use of statistical indicators on the dynamics of targeted search queries as a leading indicator of the outflow of funds of the population from deposits in commercial banks is substantiated. It was revealed that the use of the intensity index of targeted search queries as a signal indicator of the outflow of the placed funds by the population increases the accuracy of forecasting on the horizon in 1 month by 0.15–0.25 p.p. to assess the dynamics of ruble deposits and by 0.20–0.35 p.p. to assess the dynamics of foreign currency deposits. The use of information from search queries for the management of commercial banks is especially useful in the event of a threat of a sharp outflow of deposits of the population. The obtained results indicate the prospects of using textual information, including targeted search queries in order to form leading indicators of deposits outflow of the population. Preventive identification of negative trends associated with the outflow of deposits of the population can ensure the credit institution’s stability against negative macroeconomic influences.Предмет исследования — интенсивность целевых поисковых запросов как опережающий индикатор оттока банковских депозитов. Цель — предложить механизм учета информации о динамике поисковых запросов, способный заблаговременно сигнализировать об изменениях объемов депозитов физических лиц. Исследование проведено с применением моделей анализа временных рядов. Использованы статистические данные Росстата, Банка России, поисковых запросов Яндекс wordstat, Google Trends за период с февраля 2009 по май 2022 г. Выявлена зависимость между интенсивностью целевых поисковых запросов и решениями домохозяйств снять денежные средства с депозитов и банковских счетов. Проведена оценка краткосрочной прогностической способности частоты поисковых запросов на динамику депозитов. Обосновано использование статистических показателей о динамике целевых поисковых запросов в качестве опережающего индикатора оттока денежных средств населения с депозитов в коммерческих банках. Выявлено, что использование показателя интенсивности целевых поисковых запросов как сигнального индикатора оттока размещенных денежных средств населения повышает точность прогнозирования на горизонте в 1 месяц на 0,15–0,25 п.п. для оценки динамики рублевых депозитов и на 0,20–0,35 п.п. для оценки динамики валютных депозитов. Особенно полезным для менеджмента коммерческих банков оказывается информация из поисковых запросов в случае угрозы резкого оттока депозитов населения. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования текстовой информации, в том числе целевых поисковых запросов в целях формирования опережающих индикаторов оттока депозитов населения. Превентивная идентификация негативных тенденций, связанных с оттоком депозитов населения, способна обеспечить устойчивость кредитного учреждения к дестабилизирующему макроэкономическому влиянию

On discretization in time in simulations of particulate flows

We propose a time discretization scheme for a class of ordinary differential equations arising in simulations of fluid/particle flows. The scheme is intended to work robustly in the lubrication regime when the distance between two particles immersed in the fluid or between a particle and the wall tends to zero. The idea consists in introducing a small threshold for the particle-wall distance below which the real trajectory of the particle is replaced by an approximated one where the distance is kept equal to the threshold value. The error of this approximation is estimated both theoretically and by numerical experiments. Our time marching scheme can be easily incorporated into a full simulation method where the velocity of the fluid is obtained by a numerical solution to Stokes or Navier-Stokes equations. We also provide a derivation of the asymptotic expansion for the lubrication force (used in our numerical experiments) acting on a disk immersed in a Newtonian fluid and approaching the wall. The method of this derivation is new and can be easily adapted to other cases

Evaluating extreme flood characteristics of small mountainous basins of the Black Sea coastal area, Northern Caucasus

The probability of heavy rains and river floods is expected to increase with time in the Northern Caucasus region. Densely populated areas in the valleys of small mountainous watersheds already frequently suffer from catastrophic peak floods caused by intense rains at higher elevations. This study aimed at assessing the flood characteristics of several small basins in the piedmont area of the Caucasus Mountains adjacent to the Black Sea coast including ungauged Cemes River in the Novorossiysk city. The Deterministic-Stochastic Modelling System which consists of hydrological model Hydrograph and stochastic weather generator was applied to evaluate extreme rainfall and runoff characteristics of 1% exceedance probability. Rainfall intensity is shown to play more significant role than its depth in formation of extreme flows within the studied region

Help for poisoning with sedative-hypnotic drugs (means)

The article discusses help in case of poisoning with sedative-hypnotic drugs, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of poisoning when they are taken.В статье рассматривается помощь при отравлении седативно-гипнотическими средствами на примере бензодиазепина, диагностика и клинические проявления отравления при их прием

Клинико-лабораторная характеристика микобактериоза у лиц, живущих с ВИЧ, и клинический случай тяжелого течения генерализованного микобактериоза

Relevance. In the context of HIV epidemic, the number of cases of mycobacteriosis has increased.The objective was to study clinical and laboratory characteristics of mycobacteriosis in HIV patients; to present a clinical case of severe generalized mycobacteriosis.Methods and materials. Retrospective analysis of 48 cases from the archives of the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «S. P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital» over the period from 2016 to 2018 was performed. The inclusion criterion was newly diagnosed mycobacteriosis. The following parameters were evaluated: HIV infection duration and stage; antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration; the primary syndrome and form of mycobacteriosis; laboratory and instrumental findings; causative pathogen verification methods.Results. Median number of CD4-lymphocytes (CD4 + ) was 6.9 cell/pl. In 33.3 % of patients, HIV infection was diagnosed within 1 year before the detection of mycobacteriosis. The primary syndromes were: febrile-toxic syndrome (72.9 %), bronchopulmonary syndrome (29.2 %), diarrhea syndrome (18.8 %), abdominal pain syndrome (10.4 %). Generalized myco-bacteriosis was diagnosed in 65.3 % patients. Anemia was registered in in 96 % patients, leukopenia — in 43.8 % patients. Lymphadenopathy of various localization was the most common instrumental finding (75 %). The diagnosis was confirmed bacteriologically in 70.8 % cases. Mycobacterium avium complex group was predominant (62.5 %). There were 18.8 % deaths.Conclusion. Mycobacteriosis developed in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. Clinical and laboratory findings were nonspecific. There was a trend towards generalization of infection. The proportion of deaths indicates the high importance of mycobacteriosis in the structure of mortality in HIV patients. Введение. В условиях эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции растет число случаев микобактериоза.Цель — оценить клинико-лабораторные данные микобактериоза у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией; представить клинический случай тяжелого течения генерализованного микобактериоза.Методы и материалы. Ретроспективный анализ 48 случаев по материалам из архива СПбГБУЗ «Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С. П. Боткина» за 2016 — 2018 гг. Критерий включения — впервые установленный диагноз микобактериоза. Оценивали длительность и стадию ВИЧ-инфекции; длительность антиретровирусной терапии; ведущий симптомокомплекс и форму микобактериоза; данные лабораторных, инструментальных исследований; методы верификации возбудителя.Результаты. Медиана числа CD4-лимфоцитов: 6,9 кл/мкл. У 33,3 % пациентов ВИЧ-инфекция диагностирована в течение 1 года до выявления микобактериоза. Ведущие синдромы: лихорадочно-интоксикационный (72,9 %), бронхопульмональный (29,2 %), диарейный (18,8 %), синдром абдоминальных болей (10,4 %). У 65,3 % пациентов диагностирован генерализованный микобактериоз. У 96 % пациентов наблюдалась анемия, у 43,8 % — лейкопения. Наиболее частыми инструментальными данными был синдром лимфаденопатии различной локализации (75 %). Диагноз подтвержден бактериологически в 70,8 % случаев. Преобладали бактерии группы Mycobacterium avium complex (62,5 %). Летальные исходы были в 18,8 % случаев.Заключение. Микобактериоз развивался у лиц с глубоким иммунодефицитом. Клиническая и лабораторная картина неспецифична. Отмечалась склонность к генерализации инфекции. Доля летальных исходов указывает на высокую значимость микобактериоза в структуре летальности пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией.

Evaluating methane inventories by isotopic analysis in the London region

A thorough understanding of methane sources is necessary to accomplish methane reduction targets. Urban environments, where a large variety of methane sources coexist, are one of the most complex areas to investigate. Methane sources are characterised by specific δ13C-CH4 signatures, so high precision stable isotope analysis of atmospheric methane can be used to give a better understanding of urban sources and their partition in a source mix. Diurnal measurements of methane and carbon dioxide mole fraction, and isotopic values at King’s College London, enabled assessment of the isotopic signal of the source mix in central London. Surveys with a mobile measurement system in the London region were also carried out for detection of methane plumes at near ground level, in order to evaluate the spatial allocation of sources suggested by the inventories. The measured isotopic signal in central London (−45.7 ±0.5‰) was more than 2‰ higher than the isotopic value calculated using emission inventories and updated δ13C-CH4 signatures. Besides, during the mobile surveys, many gas leaks were identified that are not included in the inventories. This suggests that a revision of the source distribution given by the emission inventories is needed