Cheek Tooth Morphology and Ancient Mitochondrial DNA of Late Pleistocene Horses from the Western Interior of North America: Implications for the Taxonomy of North American Late Pleistocene Equus

Horses were a dominant component of North American Pleistocene land mammal communities and their remains are well represented in the fossil record. Despite the abundant material available for study, there is still considerable disagreement over the number of species of Equus that inhabited the different regions of the continent and on their taxonomic nomenclature. In this study, we investigated cheek tooth morphology and ancient mtDNA of late Pleistocene Equus specimens from the Western Interior of North America, with the objective of clarifying the species that lived in this region prior to the end-Pleistocene extinction. Based on the morphological and molecular data analyzed, a caballine (Equus ferus) and a non-caballine (E. conversidens) species were identified from different localities across most of the Western Interior. A second non-caballine species (E. cedralensis) was recognized from southern localities based exclusively on the morphological analyses of the cheek teeth. Notably the separation into caballine and non-caballine species was observed in the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of ancient mtDNA as well as in the geometric morphometric analyses of the upper and lower premolars. Teeth morphologically identified as E. conversidens that yielded ancient mtDNA fall within the New World stilt-legged clade recognized in previous studies and this is the name we apply to this group. Geographic variation in morphology in the caballine species is indicated by statistically different occlusal enamel patterns in the specimens from Bluefish Caves, Yukon Territory, relative to the specimens from the other geographic regions. Whether this represents ecomorphological variation and/or a certain degree of geographic and genetic isolation of these Arctic populations requires further study

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Role of polyamine structure in inhibition of K+–Cl− cotransport in human red cell ghosts

K+–Cl− cotransport in human red cell ghosts is inhibited by divalent inorganic cations, soluble polycations and amphipathic organic cations. These findings suggest a common mechanism of inhibition, namely, binding of the cations to negative charges at the surface of a hydrophobic structure.We have characterized the inhibitory capacity of a number of polyamines in order to obtain information about the nature of the charges with which they interact. Neomycin inhibited swelling-stimulated cotransport. The diquaternary amines dimethonium and decamethonium were relatively ineffective inhibitors. These compounds are thought to shield negative charges, but not bind to them.Comparison of a homologous series of polyamines indicated that primary amines were better inhibitors than secondary amines, that inhibition increased with the charge of the polyamine, and that inhibition increased as the distance separating the amines increased.The results indicate that the negative charges to which polycations bind are multiple and mobile. Since they must be associated with a hydrophobic environment, it is likely that they are negatively charged phospholipids located in the inner leaflet of the bilayer membrane.Heating red cells or ghosts to 49 °C denatures spectrin. Heating markedly increased K+ uptake in swollen ghosts but not in shrunken ghosts. The increase in uptake was reversed when swollen ghosts were shrunk even though denaturation of spectrin was not reversed. Polyamines, which inhibited swelling-activated K+ uptake in control ghosts, similarly inhibited the increased uptake in heated ghosts.We speculate that spectrin, which is closely associated with the inner bilayer leaflet, shields negative charges in a volume-dependent manner and so regulates volume-sensitive K+ transport

Validation of an instrument in Latin America to measure fear perception of the consequences of a large-scale war (War-effect)

Introduction: The Russia-Ukraine war brought immediate and delayed socio-economic consequences. All the repercussions, in general, caused fear all over the world. Objective: To validate an instrument for measuring fear perception caused by the consequences of a large-scale war in Latin American citizens. Methodology: Instrumental study, 1705 residents of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and other countries were surveyed through a virtual format. A literature search, expert judgment, preliminary (then exploratory and confirmatory) analysis, as well as reliability assessment were carried out. Results: It started with 13 questions, the skewness and kurtosis values of the questions did not exceed the range ± 1.5 and showed significant correlations (>0.30). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (0.962) and Bartlett's test (19558.5; df = 78; p = 0.000) had good indicators. The parallel analysis suggested a single factor, which explained 75.59% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis generated an instrument with six items (χ2 = 47.33, df = 9, p = 0.001; RMR = 0.010; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 0.990; and RMSEA = 0.050), with an overall Cronbach's Alpha = 0.949 (95% CI = 0.94 - 0.95). Conclusion: A six-item instrument that measures the perception of fear caused by the consequences of a large-scale war was validated in half a dozen Latin American countries. This short and valid instrument can be administered to a broad population in Latin America

Sabores y saberes de mi tabaco

Cartilla en donde se comparten las recetas tradicionales de los pueblos reasentados y se expresan las modificaciones que sufrió la cultura culinaria de dichas comunidades debido al cambio de territorio.1. Introducción 2. ¿Quiénes somos nosotras? 3. Trazando el recorrido 4. El buen tabaquero 5. Lo que Madre Tierra nos daba 6. Cocina tabaquera 7. Tabaco en el tiempo 8. El sueño de todo tabaquero - Nuevo territorio 9. Conclusione

Sabores y saberes de mi tabaco

Cartilla en donde se comparten las recetas tradicionales de los pueblos reasentados y se expresan las modificaciones que sufrió la cultura culinaria de dichas comunidades debido al cambio de territorio.1. Introducción 2. ¿Quiénes somos nosotras? 3. Trazando el recorrido 4. El buen tabaquero 5. Lo que Madre Tierra nos daba 6. Cocina tabaquera 7. Tabaco en el tiempo 8. El sueño de todo tabaquero - Nuevo territorio 9. Conclusione