216 research outputs found
The role of language representation of the time model in the process of meaning creation
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the language picture of the world, which owes its structural integrity to its relational framework. The archetype βtimeβ is central to the Christian mythology, in fairy tales and other linguocultural artefacts. The thought-language essences representing the category TIME in the modern German language, connect different time modes (past, present, future), allowing to distinguish different worlds. The memory of the ways of the development of the human soul is concentrated in the
The study of inhibiting structural material corrosion in water recycling systems by sodium hydroxide
Influence of sodium hydroxide on the rate and nature of corrosion of St3 carbon steel and SCh 18-36 grey cast iron in highly mineralized recycling water was studied. The nature of the corrosion damage was determined and the weight index of corrosion of these alloys was calculated. By means of polarization measurements, the electrochemical indices of anodic processes on steel and cast iron were determined. The effect of the circulating water pH on behavior of steel and cast iron under anodic polarization has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. It has been shown that the effective impact of pH on characteristics of the anode processes occured at pHβ₯11.4. At these pH values, the metal steady-state potential shifted to a region of positive values which was an indication of inhibition of the anodic process itself. At pHβ₯11.4, the pitting potential significantly shifted to the positive side: the process of healing pits was faster than their formation. It has been established that steel and especially cast iron tend to pass into a passive state at pH> 10. The corrosion rate values did not exceed this index for the studied alloys in distilled water and were in the range of acceptable values. Thus, it is possible to effectively inhibit the rate of steel and cast iron corrosion, especially in the waterline zone by shifting the pH of the circulating water to the alkaline region. As a result of the conducted studies, optimal working conditions for iron alloys as the most technically important structural materials for designing closed cycles of circulating water supply systems have been established
ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ―Π’Π¬ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ Π€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π‘ΠΠ Π¦ΠΠΠ-Π‘Π£ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ’ 17-21 Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬Π‘Π¬ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£
In this article considers the effectiveness of the impact of sports on the functionality of the cardiovascular system of girls 17-21 years old living within the Podolsk region. The function of the cardiovascular system of girls was evaluated by the ability to recover after termination of work (by the parameters of heart rate). Classes cycling and playing sports (performance of muscle work of which is connected with the mixed mode of power supply) and martial arts (performance of muscular work is associated with anaerobic (lactate) mode of power supply) contribute to improvement the functional possibilities of the cardiovascular system. This is manifested by the acceleration of recovery of heart rate after metered physical loads of 1 watts and 2 watts per 1 kg of body weight. The smallest percentage of person with a slow recovery of heart rate were detected among athletes, volleyball players and representatives of complex coordination sports. These individuals are involved in the performing of physical exercise with anaerobic (alactate) processes of metabolism.In this article considers the effectiveness of the impact of sports on the functionality of the cardiovascular system of girls 17-21 years old living within the Podolsk region. The function of the cardiovascular system of girls was evaluated by the ability to recover after termination of work (by the parameters of heart rate). Classes cycling and playing sports (performance of muscle work of which is connected with the mixed mode of power supply) and martial arts (performance of muscular work is associated with anaerobic (lactate) mode of power supply) contribute to improvement the functional possibilities of the cardiovascular system. This is manifested by the acceleration of recovery of heart rate after metered physical loads of 1 watts and 2 watts per 1 kg of body weight. The smallest percentage of person with a slow recovery of heart rate were detected among athletes, volleyball players and representatives of complex coordination sports. These individuals are involved in the performing of physical exercise with anaerobic (alactate) processes of metabolism
Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The article highlights the use of macroprudential instruments by the Bank of Russia that regulate the population Lending of the Russian banking sector. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical background and practical results of using indicators of the total cost of credit and the debt load of the population to ensure stability of the banking sector. The authors used methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of scientific publications, regulatory sources, retrospective statistics. The study showed that initially, the regulator introduces new macroprudential instruments as recommended, and subsequently transfers them to mandatory. The regulatory mechanism is based on the ratio dependence of the bank capital adequacy on the actual values of the total loan cost and debt load of the borrower - individual. The mortgage debt to collateral value ratio supports the housing mortgage lending regulation process. The authors concluded that the banking sectorβs reaction to the introduction of the total credit cost indicator is more prominent than the introduction of the debt burden indicator. When the Bank of Russia obliged to take into account the full cost of the loan when measuring capital adequacy, banks were not able to increase capital; they reduced high-risk lending. The practice of macroprudential regulation of credit risks in the banking sector is complemented by the introduction of credit holidays for borrowers - individuals, who are struggling because of the pandemic. The obtained theoretical and practical results can be used in the development of the financial stability regulation practice in Russia, at the micro-level - when designing and changing credit policy.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ - ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅, Π° Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ° - ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ» Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² - ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ - ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ: ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ« Π ΠΠ‘Π’Π Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ« Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ―
By the spatial location of credit institutions, the banking system of Russia includes two large groups of banks: regional banks and banks registered in Moscow and the Moscow Region. The activities of banks of the two groups are characterized by certain specifics. In view of the above, the purpose of this study was to identify, systematize and critically evaluate the current trends in the development of regional banks in Russia. The methods used include analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, system analysis, selective observation. The analysis of official data of the Russian Central Bank for 2007β2016 showed that the trends of active credit institutions to shrink in number are common to both regional and Moscow credit organizations. The profits received by regional banks are incommensurably small compared to the profits of Moscow-based banks but are subject to much less volatility. The gap between amounts of ruble loans provided by credit institutions of the two groups under analysis is dramatically widening: to non-financial organizations in 2007β2016 and to individuals since 2011. After 2012, the amount of ruble loans extended to non-financial organizations by regional banks stabilized at about 2000 RUR billion, while the corresponding indicator for credit institutions in the capital region slowed down its growth in 2015β2016. Starting with 2009, the gap between investments in debt securities made by regional banks and credit institutions of Moscow and the Moscow Region has sharply widened; such bank investments in the capital region are noted to be highly volatile. Credit institutions of the Volga and North-Western federal districts dominate in the field of debt securities investment. Regional banks are running the conventional banking business primarily by lending and placing limited funds in securities of third-party issuers. The indicators of regional banks differ significantly by federal districts.ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° 2007β2016 Π³Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ±Π»ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° (2007β2016 Π³Π³.) β ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Ρ 2011 Π³. β ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 2012 Π³. ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ±Π»ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 2000 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ±., Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² 2015β2016 Π³Π³. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 2009 Π³. ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
The article describes one of the main tools of green financing β the green loan. This is a loan designed for environmental projects related to agriculture, renewable energy sources, environmentally friendly industry, etc. The tasks are to analyze the current research on this topic, to study the regulatory aspects of green lending, its main types, impact on the bank economic indicators, advantages and disadvantages. The analysis of the current research has shown insufficient development of the idea of the green loan. It is only the theoretical aspect of its influence on the bank activities that has been defined, not its practical effect. The authors studied the green loan impact on the results of the bank activities on the example of overdue loans. For the analysis, they used the panel data of 10 out of 24 largest banks in China in 2012β2017. The evaluation is based on a random effects model. The calculations have been done by means of the generalized least-squares method in MSEXCEL. It has been revealed that green loans in the loan portfolio of the bank contribute to the overdue loans decrease. It has been determined that the main factors influencing the decision making by the borrower and the lender are reputation, public, equity and regulatory pressure, alternative capital pools, credit profiles, availability, capital requirements. However, there is no standard credit documentation for the green loan today. To make this financial tool efficient and sound, it is necessary to further develop regulations, to change approaches to disclosing information on sustainability issues in the non-financial part of annual reporting. The authors have made a conclusion about the rapid development and expansion of the green loan due to the flexible conditions for its provision and availability.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· 24 ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Ρ 2012 ΠΏΠΎ 2017 Π³. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² MSEXCEL. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ
Β» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Broken symmetries and directed collective energy transport
We study the appearance of directed energy current in homogeneous spatially
extended systems coupled to a heat bath in the presence of an external ac field
E(t). The systems are described by nonlinear field equations. By making use of
a symmetry analysis we predict the right choice of E(t) and obtain directed
energy transport for systems with a nonzero topological charge Q. We
demonstrate that the symmetry properties of motion of topological solitons
(kinks and antikinks) are equivalent to the ones for the energy current.
Numerical simulations confirm the predictions of the symmetry analysis and,
moreover, show that the directed energy current drastically increases as the
dissipation parameter reduces. Our results generalize recent rigorous
theories of currents generated by broken time-space symmetries to the case of
interacting many-particle systems.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Luminescent silica mesoparticles for protein transduction
Unlike silica nanoparticles, the potential of silica mesoparticles (SMPs) (i.e. particles of submicron size) for biological applications in particular the in vitro (let alone in vivo) cellular delivery of biological cargo has so far not been sufficiently studied. Here we examine the potential of luminescent (namely, octahedral molybdenum cluster doped) SMPs synthesised by a simple one-pot reaction for the labelling of cells and for protein transduction into larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cells using GFP as a model protein. Our data demonstrates that the SMPs internalise into the cells within half an hour. This results in cells that detectably luminesce via conventional methods. In addition, the particles are non-toxic both in darkness and upon photo-irradiation. The SMPs were modified to allow their functionalisation by a protein, which then delivered the protein (GFP) efficiently into the cells. Thus, the luminescent SMPs offer a cheap and trackable alternative to existing materials for cellular internalisation of proteins, such as the HIV TAT protein and commercial protein delivery agents (e.g. Pierceβ’)
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