Methodological Approach to Measure the Quality of Life of the Region’s Population

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the regional development, i.e. to the development of methodological tools to evaluate the quality of life of the population in the region. The article considers the concept of “quality of life”, and the terms related thereto; and substantiate the author’s position with respect to the concept. The existing domestic and foreign approaches to evaluate the quality of life of the population were analyzed, and the application of the comprehensive approach was reasoned within this study. The criteria for evaluation of the quality of life of the population were distinguished. The authors proposed the methodological approach that considers not only objective indicators of the quality of life presented in the statistical reports of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, but also employs subjective evaluations of the local population enabling more appropriate evaluation of the quality of life in the region. The methodological tools of the research include mathematical methods of statistical data processing and online survey of the population about the level of satisfaction with various aspects of their life. The methodological tools were tested using the example of the Sverdlovsk Region that is characterized both by the steady improvement of statistical indicators of the quality of life and by low satisfaction of population with certain aspects of the quality of life, which generally decreases the integrated indicator of the quality of life despite positive dynamics of social and economic development of the region and vigorous social policy of the regional authorities. The proposed methodology was used in the evaluation of the quality of life of the Sverdlovsk Region population as part of the development of the Concept of comprehensive regional program “New quality of life of Ural residents” (Decree of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region No. 45-UG dated January 29, 2014 “On the Concept of the life quality improvement for the Sverdlovsk Region population before 2030 year — “New quality of life of Ural residents”).The article has been prepared with the support of the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) No. 15-06-09169 “Development of methodical measurement tools and evaluation of the impact of social, economic, medical and demographic factors on mortality rates of working-age population”

Gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with diseases of the respiratory tract

The European community of gastroenterologists in 1997 recognized GERB as "illness of the 21st century". Diseases of a respiratory tract take the leading place among all extra esophageal implications of a gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among them bronchial asthma and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most widespread. The study of the features of the current and modern methods of diagnosing bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease is of great importance for identifying potential obstacles to effective treatment and preventing an increase in the risk of hospitalizations of patients with this co-morbid pathology. The morbidity of the pathology of the respiratory tract, combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease, is steadily growing. There is a large number of publications concerning the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, but the etiopathogenesis and the cause-and-effect relationship of these diseases remain in question. 1t is interesting to note that the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea is not included in the list of extra-oesophageal manifestations, both probably and reliably associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (according to the Montreal Consensus, 2006), but is of great interest to researchers in recent years

Linear magnetoresistance due to multiple-electron scattering by low-mobility islands in an inhomogeneous conductor

Linear transverse magnetoresistance is commonly observed in many material systems including semimetals, narrow band-gap semiconductors, multi-layer graphene and topological insulators. It can originate in an inhomogeneous conductor from distortions in the current paths induced by macroscopic spatial fluctuations in the carrier mobility and it has been explained using a phenomenological semiclassical random resistor network model. However, the link between the linear magnetoresistance and the microscopic nature of the electron dynamics remains unknown. Here we demonstrate how the linear magnetoresistance arises from the stochastic behaviour of the electronic cycloidal trajectories around low-mobility islands in high-mobility inhomogeneous conductors and that this process is only weakly affected by the applied electric field strength. Also, we establish a quantitative link between the island morphology and the strength of linear magnetoresistance of relevance for future applications

Features of model coronaviruses distribution in feline organs and tissues in the context of COVID-19 pathogenesis study

To date, the reisreason to believe that, unlike classical a cuterespiratory virusinfections caused by adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, COVID-19 behaves completely differently. Firstly, the pathological process esare likely to be immune-mediated and the immun esystem quites lowly ensurest heelimination of the virus from the organism. Secondly, the dynamics of the diseases ymptom development and the duration of intestinal virusshedding after recovery give reason to believe that theSARS-CoV-2 infection is mainly localizedin the intestine. A possible reason isthat in the presence of proteolyticenzymes, viral particlesmature, hydrophilic aminoacids are removed from the surface of the virion, making it more hydrophobic and able to ad here to cells due to hydrophobic interactions. The presence of the ACE2 recept or mainly in the enterocytes of the ileumdoes not exclude the accumulation of coronavirusin lymphocytes, given that there are more lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract than anywhere else, this fact can beconsidered as another justification for the predominant accumulation of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 in the intestine. A distinctive feature of feline coronavirus infection and, in particular, infectious feline peritonitis, from human COVID-19 infection was considered to be the presence of effusion peritonitis as the main complication leading to death, while respiratory and card iovascular in sufficiency is more characteristic for humans. Never the less, cases of serous peritonitis in humans infected with COVID-19 have already been described. In the context of the analyzed model, theclinical case describedin the study allows principal possibility of exacerbation of chronic coronavirus infection in caseof re-infection (superinfection) and development of apredominantlylocal infection

ОКРЕМI ЕПIДЕМIОЛОГIЧНI РИЗИКИ ДЛЯ БIОЛОГIЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article adduces the issues of epidemiological risks to Ukraine’s biosecurity and other relevant military threats. The authors predicted directions of possible changes in the biological situation regarding infectious morbidity in Ukraine and bioterrorism, raised questions about the necessity of carrying out anti-epidemic and preventive measures.Розглянуті питання епідеміологічних ризиків для біологічної безпеки України та інші актуальні воєнні загрози. Авторами спрогнозовані напрямки можливих змін біологічної ситуації щодо інфекційної захворюваності в Україні та біотероризму, порушені питання необхідності проведення протиепідемічних і профілактичних заходів

Инвазивный кандидоз у детей

The prevalence of invasive candidiasis (IC) in pediatric hospitals is from 4,3 to 15,2 per 10,000 hospitalized, in ICU – from 3,5 to 7 cases per 1,000, with HSCT – 2,9%. The average length of stay of a patient in the hospital before the development of IC varies from 21 to 56 days, in the ICU – more than 15 days. Knowledge of risk factors (ICU stay for ≥15 days, use of antibacterial drugs and parenteral nutrition, active malignant neoplasm, etc.) makes it possible to identify patients with a high (10-46%) risk of developing IC. Candida albicans remains the leading causative agent of IC in children, but infections with non-albicans Candida spp. have increased and an increase in the resistance of IC pathogens to azole antimycotics was noted. The main clinical variant of IC in children is candidemia, other forms include the central nervous system, abdominal organs, eyes, heart, bones and joints, kidneys, skin and subcutaneous tissue involvement, as well as chronic disseminated (hepatolienal) candidiasis. Blood culture, the main method of laboratory diagnostics of IC, is characterized by low sensitivity and requires a long time. Methods of noncultural diagnostics of IC (1,3-β-D-glucan, mannan and antimannan antibodies, T2 Candida etc) in children have not been sufficiently studied. The main drugs for the treatment of IC in children are echinocandins (anidulafungin, etc.), and CVC removal/replacement is necessary. The overall mortality rate in pediatric patients within 30 days after the diagnosis of IC is 37% to 44%.Распространенность инвазивного кандидоза в педиатрических стационарах составляет от 4,3 до 15,2 на 10 000 госпитализированных, в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии – от 3,5 до 7 случаев на 1000, при проведении трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток – 2,9%. Средний срок пребывания пациента в стационаре до развития инвазивного кандидоза варьирует от 21 до 56 дней, в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии превышает 15 суток. Знание факторов риска (пребывание в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии ≥15 дней, применение антибактериальных лекарственных средств и парентерального питания, активное злокачественное новообразование и пр.) позволяет выявить пациентов с высоким (10– 46%) риском развития инвазивного кандидоза. Сandida albicans остается ведущим возбудителем инвазивного кандидоза у детей, но увеличилось количество инфекций, вызванных не-albicans Candida spp. и отмечен рост устойчивости возбудитетей инвазивного кандидоза к азольным антимикотикам. Основной клинический вариант инвазивного кандидоза у детей – кандидемия, возможно поражение центральной нервной системы, органов брюшной полости, органов зрения, сердца, костей и суставов, почек, кожи и подкожной клетчатки, а также хронический диссеминированный (гепатолиенальный) кандидоз. Посев крови (основной метод лабораторной диагностики инвазивного кандидоза) отличается низкой чувствительностью и требует длительного времени. Методы некультуральной диагностики ИК (определение 1,3-β-d-глюкана, маннана и антиманнановых антител, Т2 Candida) у детей изучены недостаточно. Основные препараты для лечения инвазивного кандидоза у детей – эхинокандины (анидулафунгин и пр.), кроме того, необходима замена центрального венозного катетера. Общая летальность педиатрических пациентов в течение 30 дней после диагностики инвазивного кандидоза составляет от 37% до 44%.

Methodological Approach to Assessing the Working Life Expectancy of the Population in a Region

The article presents the author’s methodological approach to assessing the working life expectancy of the population in a region and its components characterising regional labour potential, as well as to estimating labour losses in the form of non-working years. The methodology was tested in Sverdlovsk oblast. The obtained estimates showed positive dynamics of the labour potential in the re-gion during the period of stable socio-economic develop-ment (until 2019), and reflected the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) in this area. The findings can be used for developing the socio-economic policy tools in the region for the medium- and long-term perspective.В статье представлен авторский методический подход к оценке продолжительности предстоящей трудовой жизни населения регионов и ее компонентов как характеристики трудового потенциала региона, а также к оценке потерь трудового потенциала в виде недоработанных лет. Апробация проведена на примере Свердловской области. Полученные оценки показали положительную динамику трудового потенциала региона в период стабильного социально-экономического развития (до 2019 г.), а также отразили негативное влияние пандемии COVID-19 (2020–2021 гг.) в данной сфере. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке инструментов социально-экономического политики в регионе на среднесрочную и долгосрочную перспективу.Публикация подготовлена в рамках выполнения НИР по госзаданию Института экономики УрО РАН на 2021–2023 гг. № 0327-2021-0011 «Институциональные модели и факторы социальной и экономической адаптации населения региона в условиях перехода к динамичному развитию»

Analysis of the Ca2+ response of mycelial fungi to external effects by the recombinant aequorin method

Using the mutant strain Aspergillus awamori 66A producing a recombinant Ca2+-dependent photosensitive protein aequorin, the dynamics of Ca2+ was studied for the first time in the cytosol of the micromycetes exposed to stressful factors, such as an increase in extracellular Ca2+ to 50 mM, hypoosmotic shock, and mechanical shock. Cell response to stress proved to involve an increase in the Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol, which was determined from the amplitude of aequorin luminescence and the time of the amplitude enhancement and relaxation. The level of Ca 2+ response depended on the physiological stimulus. Inhibitory analysis with various agents that block Ca2+ channels and with agonists that specifically enhance the activity of the channels suggested that (1) the level of Ca2+ in the cytosol of micromycetes increases in response to stress because of the ion influx from both the growth medium and intracellular reservoirs and (2) the potential-dependent transport systems play the major role in the Ca2+ influx into the cytosol of the micromycete cells