The multistatutory nature of the adjective "Right" in adjectival English lexicon

This article provides an outline on an adjective in modern English language, and in particular, the multistatus lexical item “right”, which carries different meanings in different variants of combinatorics. The authors analyse the combinations used with the adjectival lexical item “right” and identify categories that determine the semantic content of each given statemen

The devices, experimental scaffolds, and biomaterials ontology (DEB): a tool for mapping, annotation, and analysis of biomaterials' data

The size and complexity of the biomaterials literature makes systematic data analysis an excruciating manual task. A practical solution is creating databases and information resources. Implant design and biomaterials research can greatly benefit from an open database for systematic data retrieval. Ontologies are pivotal to knowledge base creation, serving to represent and organize domain knowledge. To name but two examples, GO, the gene ontology, and CheBI, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest ontology and their associated databases are central resources to their respective research communities. The creation of the devices, experimental scaffolds, and biomaterials ontology (DEB), an open resource for organizing information about biomaterials, their design, manufacture, and biological testing, is described. It is developed using text analysis for identifying ontology terms from a biomaterials gold standard corpus, systematically curated to represent the domain's lexicon. Topics covered are validated by members of the biomaterials research community. The ontology may be used for searching terms, performing annotations for machine learning applications, standardized meta-data indexing, and other cross-disciplinary data exploitation. The input of the biomaterials community to this effort to create data-driven open-access research tools is encouraged and welcomed.Preprin

Detection of specific antibodies to Schmallenberg virus using microneutralisation test

The article presents data on microneutralization test for detection of specific antibodies to Schmallenberg virus. The method is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity. It can be used for analysis of blood sera of different species of animals

Detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and their ticks in Western Siberia and high level of their mismatch

Abstract: The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tickborne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth’s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5%), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions

Математико-статистическая оценка персистирующих возбудителей как факторов риска внебольничной пневмонии и острого бронхита у детей

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between infection with “persistent” agents of children and the possibility of the development of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract such as community-acquired pneumonia and acute bronchitis on the basis of risk management concepts.Materials and methods. 701 children in age from 15 days to 16 years were examined in Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region with clinically and radiologically confirmed diagnosis: community-acquired pneumonia, acute bronchitis. This study was performed in the period from 2005 to 2014. The control group consisted of 127 healthy children of different ages. The detection of M. pneumoniae, Сytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex I/II C. pneumoniae was performed by PCR. The concept of risk determination was based on the determination of the absolute risk in the exposed and the no exposed groups, attributable risk, relative risk, the population attributable risk, as well as determining the standard errors for each type of risk and confidence interval.Results. Attributable risk, relative risk, population-attributable risk are statistically significant figures. Attributable risk of development of community-acquired pneumonia was 29,26%; 27,37%; 25,70%; 20,21% for the M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, CMV, HSV I / II respectively. The relative risk was 1,43 for the M. pneumoniae; 1,38 – for C. pneumoniae and CMV; 1,28- for HSV I / II. The presence of persistent pathogens is resulting in increased incidence of communityacquired pneumonia throughout the population (population attributable risk): 4,75% for M. pneumoniae, 0,23% for C. pneumoniae, 5,59% for the CMV and 1,08% for the HSV I/II. Similar calculations were performed for patients with acute bronchitis. The statistical analysis allowed to exclude C. pneumoniae and HSV I / II of the risk factors for communityacquired pneumonia and acute bronchitis.Conclusion. The findings suggest the influence of M. pneumoniae and CMV in the development of communityacquired pneumonia and acute bronchitis in children. C. pneumoniae, and HSV I / II do not play a statistically significant role in the overall landscape of etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bronchitis.Целью данного исследования явилось определение связи между инфицированностью «персистирующими» возбудителями детей и возможностью развития воспалительных заболеваний респираторного тракта, таких как внебольничная пневмония и острый бронхит на основании концепции факторов рисков.Материалы и методы. В период с 2005 по 2014 г. обследован 701 ребенок из г. Нижнего Новгорода и Нижегородской области в возрасте от 15 дней до 16 лет с рентгенологически и клинически подтвержденными диагнозами: внебольничная пневмония, острый бронхит. Контрольную группу составили 127 практически здоровых детей разных возрастов. Детекцию M. pneumoniae, Сytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex I/II C. pneumoniae осуществляли методом ПЦР. Концепция определения рисков строилась на определении абсолютного риска в экспонируемой и не экспонируемой группах, атрибутивного риска, относительного риска, популяционного атрибутивного риска, а также на определении стандартных ошибок для каждого вида риска и доверительного интервала.Результаты. Статистически значимыми показателями являются атрибутивный риск, относительный риск, популяционный атрибутивный риск. Атрибутивный риск развития внебольничной пневмонии составил 29,26%; 27,37%; 25,70%; 20,21% для M. pneumoniae, С. pneumoniae, CMV, HSV I/II соот- ветственно. Относительный риск составил 1,43 для M. pneumoniae; 1,38 – для С. pneumoniae и для CMV; 1,28 – для HSV I/II. Наличие персистирующих возбудителей приводит к увеличению заболеваемости внебольничной пневмонией по всей популяции (популяционный атрибутивный риск): на 4,75% для M. pneumoniae, 0,23% для С. pneumoniae, 5,59% для CMV и 1,08% для HSV I/II. Аналогичные расчеты были проведены для пациентов с острым бронхитом. Проведенный статистический анализ позволил исключить С. pneumoniae и HSV I/II из факторов риска развития внебольничной пневмонии и острого бронхита.Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют говорить о влиянии M. pneumoniae и CMV на развитие внебольничной пневмонии и острого бронхита у детей. С. pneumoniae и HSV I/II не играют статистически важной роли в общем пейзаже этиологических агентов внебольничной пневмонии и острого бронхита

European registry on the management of helicobacter pylori infection (HP-EUREG protocol): The first results of Russian centers

Aim: To assess the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and to compare this practice with the international guidelines in the European Registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, Hp-EuReg protocol), a multicenter prospective observational study initiated by the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group. Materials and methods: The data of 813 patients infected with H. pylori and entered in the Hp-EuReg register by the Russian centers in 2013-2015 were analyzed. Results: The most common methods for the primary diagnosis of H. pylori infection are histology (40.3%), rapid urease test (35.7%), and serology (17.2%). The duration of H. pylori eradication therapy was 7, 10, and 14 days in 18.0, 49.3, and 25.1%, respectively. To monitor the effectiveness of treatment, the investigators used a histological examination (34%), a urea breath test (27.3%), H. pylori stool antigen (22.8%), and a rapid urease test (16.3%). A serological test was carried out in 2.5% of the cases. No monitoring was done in 13.5% of the patients. The average eradication efficiency was 82.6%. If the therapy was ineffective, 80% of physicians did not intend to prescribe a new cycle of treatment. Conclusion: Significant differences were found between clinical practice and the current guidelines

Circulation of Lyssaviruses (Lyssavirus) among the Small Mammals in the Territory of the Republic of Guinea

Objective is to study the role of small mammals, habitant in the Republic of Guinea, in Lyssavirus circulation. Materials and methods. Investigations were conducted using RT-PCR; nucleotide sequence of Lyssavirus cDNA fragments was identified with the help of sequencing with further phylogenetic analysis. Results and conclusions. Tested have been 356 brain samples from small mammals for the presence of Lyssavirus RNA using RT-PCR with genus-specific primers. The animals were caught in the suburbs of Kindia city in 2016. The samples were obtained from wild animals pertaining to Rodentia, Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, and Carnivora orders.Lyssavirus RNA was detected in 31 samples (8.7 %). For 14 PCR positive samples the appurtenance to Lyssavirus was confirmed through identification and analysis of nucleotide sequences of the collected short cDAN fragments of viral genome. The presence of rabies virus RNA in positive tests was excluded from PCR with the help of species specific primers. The pool of samples from black rats, Rattus rattus, positive for Lyssavirus RNA, contained RNA characteristic of Mokola lyssavirus species. Specified has been nucleotide sequence of matrix protein M gene fragment of Mokola virus. Genetic material of Mokola virus was detected in the Republic of Guinea for the first time ever

Особенности электрофизиологической активности коры больших полушарий мозга у детей с артрогрипозом

Background. Arthrogryposis is one of the most severe congenital abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system characterized by 2 or more contractures of the large joints, muscle and anterior grey column pathology. One of the main problems making selfcare limited or impossible for the patients is an absence of the active movements in the joints of the upper extremities which can be restored through autologous transplantation from the various donor areas. Processes of the rehabilitation after these operations are associated with neuronal remodeling in the central nervous system both in the spinal cord and the brain, in the cortial regions in particular.The objective is to evaluate possible reflection of arthrogryposis in the amplitude and neurodynamical characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in children.Materials and methods. Electrophysiological characteristics of the cerebral cortex in children with arthrogryposis and healthy children of the same age were examined. Such EEG characteristics as power and long-range temporal correlations (evaluation of the neuronal activity dynamics) in ranges of 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16 Hz were measured. The results were evaluated in accordance with clinical scales.Results. Data analysis has shown that children with arthrogryposis have significantly decreased EEG power in all of the studied ranges compared to healthy children. Additionally, a significant correlation between EEG power and the level of restoration of motor functions in the upper extremities after autologous transplantation of various muscle groups in the position of the biceps was observed. The obtained results reflect correlation between the electrophysiological parameters of the cerebral cortex and processes associated with arthrogryposis pathology. However, neurodynamical parameters in children with arthrogryposis are similar to those in healthy children. The results allow to state that arthrogryposis is reflected through decreased electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in 4–16 Hz range with preservation of neurodynamic characteristics typical for disease-free children.Conclusion. In this study, a significant difference in EEG power in 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16 Hz ranges between children with arthrogryposis and healthy children was demonstrated. However, there was no difference in such an important neurodynamical characteristic as longrange temporal correlations. It is possible that decreased amplitude of EEG rhythms in children with arthrogryposis is caused by their lower motor activity in general.Введение. Артрогрипоз – один из наиболее тяжелых врожденных пороков развития опорно-двигательного аппарата, характеризующийся наличием 2 и более контрактур крупных суставов, поражением мышц, а также передних рогов спинного мозга. Одной из основных проблем, обусловливающих ограничение или невозможность самообслуживания пациентов, является отсутствие активных движений в суставах верхних конечностей, которое восстанавливается путем аутотрансплантации мышц различных донорских областей. Процессы реабилитации после таких операций связаны в том числе и с нейрональными перестройками в центральной нервной системе как в спинном, так и в головном мозге, в частности в корковых его отделах.Цель исследования – оценить возможное отражение заболевания артрогрипозом у детей в амплитудных и нейродинамических показателях электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ).Материалы и методы. Изучали электрофизиологические показатели активности коры головного мозга у детей с диагнозом артрогрипоза и здоровых детей сходного возраста. Оценивали такие показатели ЭЭГ, как мощность и длинновременные корреляции (метод оценки динамики нейрональной активности) в диапазонах 4–8, 8–12 и 12–16 Гц. Поражения оценивали на основе клинических шкал.Результаты. Анализ данных показал, что у детей с артрогрипозом, по сравнению с детьми без патологий, имеется достоверное снижение мощности ЭЭГ по всем исследованным частотным диапазонам. Кроме того, продемонстрирована достоверная корреляция мощности ЭЭГ со степенью восстановления двигательных функций верхних конечностей после операций по аутотрансплантации различных групп мышц в позицию двуглавой мышцы плеча. Полученные результаты отражают корреляцию электрофизиологических параметров коры головного мозга с процессами, связанными с патологией артрогрипоза. При этом нейродинамические параметры у детей с артрогрипозом не отличаются от таковых у здоровых детей. По результатам можно констатировать факт отражения заболевания артрогрипозом в снижении электрической активности коры больших полушарий головного мозга в частотном диапазоне 4–16 Гц при сохранении нейродинамических показателей, сходных с группой детей без заболевания.Заключение. В данной работе показано достоверное отличие мощности ЭЭГ в диапазонах 4–8, 8–12 и 12–16 Гц у детей с артрогрипозом и здоровых детей. Однако разницы в таком важном нейродинамическом показателе, как длинновременные корреляции, не обнаружено. Возможно, факт снижения амплитуды ритмов в ЭЭГ у больных детей объясняется их более низкой общей моторной активностью

Effectiveness of empirical <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy with furazolidone in Russia: results from the European Registry on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Management (Hp-EuReg)

Background. First-line therapy does not always provide a high level of Helicobacter pylori eradication due to the increase of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics; therefore, it remains necessary to identify the most effective rescue treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empirical H. pylori furazolidone-containing regimens. Materials and methods. Adult H. pylori infected patients empirically treated with furazolidone-containing eradication regimens were registered in an international, prospective, multicenter non-intervention European registry on H. pylori management (Hp-EuReg). Data were collected at AEG-REDCap e-CRF from 2013 to 2021 and the quality was reviewed. Modified intention-to-treat (mITT) effectiveness analyses were performed. Results. Overall 106 patients received empirical furazolidone-containing therapy in Russia. Furazolidone was prescribed in a sequential scheme along with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor in 68 (64%) cases, triple regimens were prescribed in 28 (26%) patients and quadruple regimens in 10 (9.4%). Treatment duration of 7 days was assigned to 2 (1.9%) patients, 10-day eradication therapy in case of 80 (75%) and 14 days in 24 (23%) patients. Furazolidone was mainly used in first- (79%) and second-line (21%) regimens. The methods used to diagnose H. pylori infection were: histology (81%), stool antigen test (64%), 13C-urea breath test (6.6%), and rapid urease test (1.9%). The mITT effectiveness of sequential therapy was 100%; 93% with the triple therapy and 75.5% with quadruple therapy. Compliance was reported in 98% of cases. Adverse events were revealed in 5.7% of patients, mostly nausea (3.8%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion. Furazolidone containing eradication regimens appear to be an effective and safe empirical therapy in Russia