VOLUNTEERING AS A MECHANISM FOR OVERCOMING THE SOCIAL APATHY OF YOUTH

The article is devoted the problem of overcoming social apathy of youth. The relevance of the topic is reasoned. The approaches to understanding the social apathy and reasons for it's occurrence, the forms of social activity and types of volun -teering are discussed. The results of social researches of young people’readiness to volunteering are given in the article, role of volunteering for youth is identified. Also determines main components of volunteering. The recommendations for engaging youth to volunteering are given

VOLUNTEERING AS A MECHANISM FOR OVERCOMING THE SOCIAL APATHY OF YOUTH

The article is devoted the problem of overcoming social apathy of youth. The relevance of the topic is reasoned. The approaches to understanding the social apathy and reasons for it's occurrence, the forms of social activity and types of volun -teering are discussed. The results of social researches of young people’readiness to volunteering are given in the article, role of volunteering for youth is identified. Also determines main components of volunteering. The recommendations for engaging youth to volunteering are given

Comparative analysis of corneal histomorphology of adults and children with hyperopia after intrastromal femtosecond laser keratomileusis

Purpose. A comparative analysis of cornea histomorphology of adults and children with hyperopic refraction after femtosecond laser intrastromal keratomileusis (FemtoLASIK).Material and methods. Histomorphology in 129 patients (139 eyes) was analyzed using the Confoscan–4 after the operation performed by the FemtoLASIK technique using the devices of the Intralase FS and the MicroScan 2000. The first group included 73 patients (73 eyes) aged 6 to 17 years, the second – 56 patients (66 eyes) aged from 20 to 56 years. The follow-up period was 1 year.Results. Before the operation there were differences between the two groups on the density of keratocytes in the layers of the corneal stroma: in the anterior layer of stroma – by 4.73%, in the middle layer – by 8.18% (p=0.027), in the posterior layer of stroma – by 7.19% higher in children. After the surgery, in both groups the density of keratocytes in the ablation zone dropped, and remained reduced up to 1 year, in children by 41.7%, in adults by 33.53%. In the early postoperative period a more severe degree of epithelial damage was in adults, the inflammatory response to the energy impact dominated in children. In both groups, the scarring formation in the corneal flap started at 1 month, re-innervation – at 3 months, the morphological features of the dry eye syndrome were expressed in a period from 3 to 6 months and decreased at 1 year after surgery.Conclusions. The density of keratocytes in the central stroma was significantly higher in children. After 1 year postoperatively morphological signs of dry eye syndrome decreased in both groups, the density of endothelial cells matched to the age norm, density of keratocytes in the ablation zone remained reduced

Human resource management features of an innovative cluster

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Relevance of the study chosen subject is caused by that in modern time the productive solution of the questions connected with the personnel management, selection, training has a great value in the development and formation of the organizations, enterprises, and innovative associations. Now marked the change method, type, technology, transition phase, due to the acceleration of the social systems development, the emergence of new social relationships, relationships. Thus, it is considered to be the most essential phenomenon of the present stage of the society development of the ownership forms change with means of production, orientation of reforms with the market methods of managing and management, newest to the Russian Federation. In such circumstances, especially important is the organization and development question of the new social subject - the innovation cluster country, region, sector, which is assigned a significant role in developing and mastering the socio-economic area market. On the one hand, innovative cluster acts as a social group, goals and values that involve adaptation to the socio-economic situation, on the other - as a social system uniting groups, business organizations, impact on the environment by improving the socio-economic situation of the economic market. However, along with it there are social and administrative problems as contradictions between data on needs for productive practical actions for human resource management of a cluster and ignorance of implementation mechanisms of these actions

Immunological features of allergic rhinitis in combination with chronic rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology

Rhinitis is a socially significant and widespread disease. Often, various forms of rhinitis are combined, and thus cause severe clinical manifestations, insufficient effectiveness of drug treatment, as well as difficulties in differential diagnosis. It is known that a significant number of patients have a combination of allergic rhinitis (AR) with chronic rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology. This condition is based on a chronic multifactorial inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, which determines the steady progression of the disease. Of interest is the study of a number of allergo-immunological parameters in nasal secretions in order to assess local inflammation and changes in mucosal immunity in allergic rhinitis in combination with chronic rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology (AR with HRSBE). Mucosal immunity and biological mediators determine local inflammation and pathophysiological response to etiological factors in the immunopathogenesis of AR with CRSBE. The work carried out the determination of the level of cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-â1, IFNã spontaneous and induced; immunoglobulins: IgA, IgM, IgG, sIgA in nasal secretions; leukotrienes: LT C4/ D4/E4 and LTB4 in plasma and total IgE in serum in patients with AR with moderate-severity HRSBE without exacerbation. It has been shown that the leading role in the formation of the inflammatory process in AR with CRSBE belongs to cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-â; immunoglobulins: IgM, sIgA; leukotrienes: LT C4/D4/E4 and LTB4 and total IgE. Induced cytokine production largely reflects the reserve capabilities of immunocompetent cells in response to the action of a pathogenic factor. The results obtained are associated with the persistent course of allergic and infectious inflammation and the progression of the disease. Thus, cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-â1; immunoglobulins: IgM, sIgA, IgE total and LT C4/D4/E4 and LTB4 make a significant contribution to pathogenetic mechanisms, determining the clinical course of AR with CRSBE, and can serve as biological markers of the activity of the pathological process. Undoubtedly, the immune mechanisms in the combined pathological inflammatory reaction from the mucosa in AR with HRSBE are complex and multifaceted. A personalized approach to the treatment of patients with AR with CRSBE is determined by the severity and intensity of the inflammatory reaction, as well as mucosal mucosal immunity disorders. The study of the role and significance of the production of leading cytokines, immunoglobulins in nasal secretions, as well as leukotrienes and total IgE in the blood will help the doctor in determining the tactics and duration of pharmacotherapy

Legislative approaches to the electronic document definition and its evidentiary value in the CIS countries

This article considers the issues related to the electronic document definition according to the legislation of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Attention is focused on differences in the approaches to the structure of the electronic document, the electronic digital signature, the copy of electronic document, the use of electronic documents and electronic materials as evidence in the civil proces

РАСЧЕТ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ПЕРРЕНАТОВ МЕТАЛЛОВ И ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПРОБ К ХИМИЧЕСКОМУ АНАЛИЗУ

Thermodynamic properties, namely standard molar enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°298), standard molar entropy (S°298), and temperature dependence of heat capacity (Ср(Т)) of crystalline metal perrhenates, were assessed by the semi-empirical methods. In this work, ΔHf°298, S°298 and coefficients a, b and c for Cp = а + 0.001×b×T + 105×c×T –2equation were calculated using several methods and averaged. These thermodynamic properties were calculated for the following perrhenates metals: Li, N, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ba, Fe, Ca, Cd, Co, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn, Al, Crи Fe. The calculated values of the thermodynamic properties were in good accordance with the known literature data. New data were applied to the thermodynamic simulation of rhenium-containing sample pretreatment processes for the chemical analysis. The thermodynamic simulation of the sintering sample with the magnesium oxide with/without oxidizing agents was carried out using HSC 6.1 software with new data about the perrhenates. According to the calculated results, the addition of the oxidizing agent (NaNO3 or K2S2O7) to the magnesium oxide was needed and its presence ensured the rhenium transition into the solution without losses. In this case, rhenium was present at the temperature of the sintering predominantly as NaReO4c or KReO4c. Calculation results and estimation of perrhenates thermodynamic properties could be used for the thermodynamic simulation of different processes as well as in analytical chemistry and in metallurgy.Keywords: perrhenates, thermodynamic properties, thermodynamic simulation, sintering, oxidizing agent, rhenium(Russian) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.015 O.V. Melchakova1, P.V. Zaitceva1, A.V. Maiorova1,2, T.V. Kulikova1,2, N.V. Pechishcheva1, K.Yu. Shunyaev1,21Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian academy of Sciences, 101, Amundsen street, Ekaterinburg, 620016, Russian Federation, 2Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin,19, Mira street, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian FederationС помощью полуэмпирических методов оценены термодинамические свойства перренатов металлов (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ba, Fe, Ca, Cd, Co, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn, Al, Crи Fe) в кристаллическом состоянии: стандартная энтальпия образования (ΔH°298), стандартная энтропия (S°298)и температурная зависимость теплоемкости (Ср(Т)) в диапазоне температур 298.15 – 1200 K. Методы, основанные на методе групповых составляющих, были использованы для оценки ΔH°298 (эмпирический метод Ле Вана, инкрементный метод и метод Мостафа)и S°298 (инкрементный метод Кумока и правило Неймана – Коппа). Для расчета коэффициентов a, b, c в уравнении Cp = а + 0.001×b×T + 105×c×T –2 были использованы аддитивный метод, эмпирические формулы Абашидзе и Цагарейшвили и метод Мостафа. Значения величин, полученные различными методами, были усреднены и использованы в термодинамическом моделировании. С использованием программного комплекса HSC 6.1, дополненного рассчитанными и усредненными термодинамическими свойствами перренатов металлов, выполнено термодинамическое моделирование процесса спекания ренийсодержащих материалов. Рассмотрено спекание проб, содержащих рений, с оксидом магния в отсутствии и присутствии окислительной добавки (NaNO3 или K2S2O7). Показано, что добавление окислительной добавки приводит к минимизации газообразных потерь рения в процессе спекания. Полученные теоретические результаты согласуются с экспериментальными, что говорит о применимости рассчитанных нами термодинамических свойств перренатов металлов. Рассчитанные термодинамические свойства перренатов металлов могут быть использованы для различных термодинамических расчетов как в аналитической химии, так и в металлургии.Ключевые слова: перренаты, термодинамические свойства, термодинамическое моделирование, спекание, окислительная добавка, ренийDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.01

Анализ доступности железнодорожного транспорта для населения крупных агломераций

The study is focused on improvement of passenger transportation by rail transport, its availability, quality of related services for residents of large agglomerations. Correlation of growth in speed of movement of passengers, distance of travel, range and quality of services provided by the carrier, as well as planning of passenger traffic and spatial urban development models are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the improvement of passenger transportation by rail transport by assigning stops for long-distance passenger trains (including fast, speed and highspeed trains) in suburban areas of large agglomerations, since that aspect has not been yet sufficiently studied.It is concluded that it is necessary to continue research on transportation needs of the population of the agglomerations, to identify the features and patterns of changes in passenger traffic, emerging and redeeming in the suburban areas of the largest cities. This will allow transportation companies to better understand the transport services market, to develop and offer new transportation products to the population. That approach can increase the attractiveness of rail transport and its availability for the population of many cities thanks to a significant reduction in weighted average costs and travel time expenditures for passengers.В центре исследования находится совершенствование пассажирских перевозок железнодорожным транспортом, их доступности, качества связанных с ними услуг для жителей крупных агломераций. Рассматриваются вопросы соотношения роста скорости перемещения пассажиров, дальности поездки, спектра и качества предоставляемых перевозчиком услуг, равно как планирования пассажирских перевозок   и схем пространственного развития городов. Особое внимание уделено малоизученному до сих пор аспекту – совершенствованию технологии пассажирских перевозок железнодорожным транспортом за счёт назначения остановок пассажирских поездов дальнего следования (в том числе скорых, скоростных и высокоскоростных) в пригородных зонах крупных агломераций. Делается вывод о необходимости продолжения исследований в отношении транспортных потребностей населения агломераций, выявления особенностей и закономерностей изменения пассажиропотоков, зарождающихся и погашающихся в пригородных зонах. Это может повысить привлекательность железнодорожного транспорта и его доступность для населения многих городов за счёт ощутимого для пассажира сокращения средневзвешенных стоимостных и временных транспортных затрат

The interplay of wind and uplift facilitates over-water flight in facultative soaring birds.

Flying over the open sea is energetically costly for terrestrial birds. Despite this, over-water journeys of many birds, sometimes hundreds of kilometres long, are uncovered by bio-logging technology. To understand how these birds afford their flights over the open sea, we investigated the role of atmospheric conditions, specifically wind and uplift, in subsidizing over-water flight at a global scale. We first established that ΔT, the temperature difference between sea surface and air, is a meaningful proxy for uplift over water. Using this proxy, we showed that the spatio-temporal patterns of sea-crossing in terrestrial migratory birds are associated with favourable uplift conditions. We then analysed route selection over the open sea for five facultative soaring species, representative of all major migratory flyways. The birds maximized wind support when selecting their sea-crossing routes and selected greater uplift when suitable wind support was available. They also preferred routes with low long-term uncertainty in wind conditions. Our findings suggest that, in addition to wind, uplift may play a key role in the energy seascape for bird migration that in turn determines strategies and associated costs for birds crossing ecological barriers such as the open sea