Agriculture Beyond Food: Experiences from Indonesia

The ABF programme addresses one of today’s major societal challenges, how to achieve a sustainable and inclusive biobased economy, with high-level scientific research on the thin lines between food and non-food, commodities and waste products, livelihood opportunities and risks, and local and global economy. This book provides insights into the main issues and key questions relating to the biobased economy, reflects on the objectives of the ABF programme, and offers policy recommendations. It summarises the projects conducted within the three major clusters at the heart of the programme: migration and forest transformation, breakthroughs in biofuel production technology, and the commoditisation of an alternative biofuel crop. The book ends with a number of lessons learned from the ABF programme on interdisciplinary programming

Estimation of Biomass Carbon Stocks over Peat Swamp Forests using Multi-Temporal and Multi-Polratizations SAR Data

The capability of L-band radar backscatter to penetrate through the forest canopy is useful for mapping the forest structure, including above ground biomass (AGB) estimation. Recent studies confirmed that the empirical AGB models generated from the L-band radar backscatter can provide favourable estimation results, especially if the data has dual-polarization configuration. Using dual polarimetry SAR data the backscatter signal is more sensitive to forest biomass and forest structure because of tree trunk scattering, thus showing better discriminations of different forest successional stages. These SAR approaches, however, need to be further studied for the application in tropical peatlands ecosystem We aims at estimating forest carbon stocks and stand biophysical properties using combination of multi-temporal and multi-polarizations (quad-polarimetric) L-band SAR data and focuses on tropical peat swamp forest over Kampar Peninsula at Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia which is one of the most peat abundant region in the country. Applying radar backscattering (Sigma nought) to model the biomass we found that co-polarizations (HH and VV) band are more sensitive than cross-polarization channels (HV and VH). Individual HH polarization channel from April 2010 explained > 86% of AGB. Whereas VV polarization showed strong correlation coefficients with LAI, tree height, tree diameter and basal area. Surprisingly, polarimetric anisotropy feature from April 2007 SAR data show relatively high correlations with almost all forest biophysical parameters. Polarimetric anisotropy, which explains the ratio between the second and the first dominant scattering mechanism from a target has reduced at some extent the randomness of scattering mechanism, thus improve the predictability of this particular feature in estimating the forest properties. These results may be influenced by local seasonal variations of the forest as well as moisture, but available quad-pol SAR data were unable to show these patterns, since all the SAR data were acquired during the rainy season. The results of multi-regression analysis in predicting above ground biomass shows that ALOS PALSAR data acquired in 2010 has outperformed other time series data. This is probably due to the fact that land cover change in the area from 2007 – 2009 was highly dynamic, converting natural forests into rubber and Acacia plantations, thus SAR data of 2010 which was acquired in between of two field campaigns has provided significant results (F = 40.7, P < 0.005). In general, we found that polarimetric features have improved the models performance in estimating AGB. Surprising results come from single HH polarization band from April 2010 that has a strong correlation with AGB (r = 0.863). Also, HH polarization band of 2009 SAR image resulted in a moderate correlation with AGB (r = 0.440)

Recent results from an ecohydrological study of forest species in drained tropical peatlands

Abstract Ecohydrological studies in tropical peatland have mostly focused on a small number of non-native commercial species. However, studies of native species are urgently needed as they are considered to be a possible solution in the restoration of millions of hectares of degraded tropical peatlands. We investigated peatland species on Padang Island, Indonesia, to assess their responses to changing environmental factors, particularly the high fluctuation of the water table due to intensive peatland draining. We monitored the sap-flux velocity and radial growth of six trees (four native and one non-native peatland species) in high temporal resolution using sap-flux meters and dendrometers up to seven months. Monitoring also included hydrological and micrometeorological parameters. We found that sap-flux velocity in the monitored species was mainly controlled by air vapor pressure deficits, photosynthetic active radiation, and to some extent, by wind speed and water-table depth. We also observed a species-specific correlation between daily sap-flux velocity and daily radial growth. Non-native Acacia crassicarpa had up to twice the radial growth of native species. This growth of non-native species was significantly higher at a shallow water-table depth, while native species did not show the same relationship. The interaction between water-table depth, sap-flux velocity, and radial growth in daily timescale was not straightforward, presumably because of the complex carbon-allocation mechanism in trees

Water table variations on different land use units in a drained tropical peatland island of Indonesia

Abstract Restoration and water table control on peatlands to limit fire risk are national priorities in Indonesia. The present study was initiated at Padang Island, Sumatra, to increase understanding on peatland hydrology in the tropic. At the pilot site, water table and precipitation were monitored at different stations. The results show variation in water table depths (WTDs) over time and space due to spatial and temporal variability in rain intensity and drainage networks. In part of the island, large-scale drainage for plantations led to deep WTD (−1.8 m) and high WTD recession rates (up to 3.5 cm/day). Around villages, farm-scale drainages had a smaller impact with a lower recession rate (up to 1.8 cm/day) and shallow WTD, typically below −0.4 m, the threshold for sustainable peatland management in Indonesia. The recession rates levelled off at 1.0 cm/day near the drained forest/plantation and at 0.5 cm/day near the farm. Deeper layers had much lower specific yield (Sy), 0.1 at −1.5 m depth, compared with top peat soils with Sy up to 0.3. Proximity to drainages extended discharge flow to deeper layers. The results highlighted the severity of peatland drainage impact on most coastal zones of Padang Island, which have intensive drainage networks

Wood Anatomical Features and Physical Properties of Fast Growing Red Meranti From Line Planting at Natural Forest of Central Kalimantan

High productivity Fast growing species plantation establishment such as the line planting of red meranti (i.e Shorealeprosula and Shorea parvifolia) with intensive silviculture is one potential solution to improve wood supply for industries in Indonesia. However, the information of anatomical properties and wood properties of these two species related to the influence of the line planting system and tree growth rate is limited. This paper studies the anatomical features, wood cell proportions, fiber dimensions and physical properties of wood in radial variation in relation to the line planting effect and tree growth rate. Wood of the trees grown in the line planting system showed higher proportion of vessel element compared to those of wood from natural forest. The vessel diameter of wood from the line planting was also larger than that of in wood from natural forest. The specific gravity of wood from Shorea parvifolia grown on the line planting was higher than that of wood grown in natural forest. The variation of specific gravity on wood portion near to the pith of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia trees grown on the line planting was related to the variation of the cell wall thickness. The bigger diameter of trees grown or the Faster growth rate in the line of planting at the same age shows the greater vessel diameter in wood of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia and greater specific gravity of Shorea parvifolia wood

MANAJEMEN PERUBAHAN

Secara umum, istilah perubahan sering diartikan sebagai kondisi yang berbeda dari kondisi sebelumnya. Artinya, perubahan terjadi karena timbul dari suatu proses yang terjadi kemudian menggambarkan sebelum dan sesudah peristiwa tersebut terjadi, baik berkaitan dengan perubahan fisik, ide, maupun gagasan yang hasilnya baik ataupun tidak. Sedangkan manajemen merupakan suatu tata pengelolaan yang efektif yang di awali oleh perencanaan kemudian pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengevaluasian, maka dari itu manajemen perubahan adalah upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengelola hal-hal yang terjadi akibat dari perubahan dalam organisasi. Perubahan dapat terjadi karena sebab-sebab yang berasal dari dalam ataupun dari luar organisasi tersebut. Manajemen perubahan juga merupakan proses secara sistematis dalam menerapkan pengetahuan, sarana, dan sumber daya yang diperlukan untuk memengaruhi perubahan pada seseorang yang akan terkena dampak dari perubahan tersebut. Tujuan dari manajemen perubahan adalah untuk memberi solusi yang diperlukan dalam mensukseskan melalui cara yang terorganisasi serta melalui metode pengelolaan dampak pada individu ataupun organisasi yang terlibat di dalamnya. Buku ini sangat layak dimiliki oleh khalayak karena di dalam buku ini menyajikan teori dan praktik manajemen perubahan yang melibatkan banyak disiplin ilmu dan tradisi ilmu-ilmu sosial, bukan suatu disiplin ilmu yang terpisah dengan batasan kaku yang terdefinisikan dengan jelas. Oleh karena itu buku ini hadir kehadapan sidang pembaca sebagai bagian dari upaya diskusi sekaligus dalam rangka melengkapi khazanah keilmuan di bidang manajemen perubahan, sehingga buku ini sangat cocok untuk dijadikan bahan acuan bagi kalangan intelektual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi ataupun praktisi yang berkecimpung langsung di bidang manajemen

DASAR MANAJEMEN & KEWIRAUSAHAAN (SEBUAH TINJAUAN TEORI DAN PRAKTIS)

Manajemen adalah suatu ilmu dan seni bekerja dengan orang-orang untuk menentukan proses yang membedakan atas perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan, dengan memanfaatkan baik ilmu maupun seni, agar dapat menyelesaikan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, dengan mengemban elemen sifat, fungsi, sasaran dan elemen tujuan dalam mencapai suatu target, tujuan dan sasaran yang telah direncanakan untuk dicapai. Hal ini akan sejalan dan berkaitan antara manajemen dengan kewirausahaan. Kewirausahaan diaratikan sebagai suatau serapan dari kata entrepreneurship yang merupakan suatu kemampuan untuk mengelola sesuatu yang ada dalam diri anda untuk dimanfaatkan dan ditingkatkan agar lebih optimal (baik) sehingga bisa meningkatkan taraf hidup anda dimasa mendatang, yang kemudian merupakan suatau sikap mental dan sifat jwa yang selalu aktif dalam usaha untuk memajukan karya baktinya dalam rangka upaya meningkatkan pendapatan di dalam kegiatan usahanya, yang didukung oleh kemampuan kreatif dan inovatif yang dijadikan dasar, kiat, dan sumber daya untuk mencari peluang menuju sukses. Maka dari itu buku ini hadir kehadapan sidang pembaca sebagai bagian dari upaya diskusi sekaligus dalam rangka melengkapi khazanah keilmuan dibidang kewirausahaan, sehingga buku ini sangat cocok untuk dijadikan bahan acuan bagi kalangan intelektual dilngkungan perguruan tinggi ataupun praktisi yang berkecimpung langsung dibidang kewirausahaan