Phenolic compounds in plants: biogenesis and functions

Phenolic compounds (PCs) in plants play an important role in growth control and have antioxidant, structural, attractant, signaling and protective functions. Information on the discovery, study and identification of phenolic compounds in plants, their role in the complex system of secondary metabolites has been analyzed and summarized. The functions of PCs at the macromolecular, cellular as well as organism and population levels are described. The pathways of PCs formation, enzymes responsible for their synthesis and the plasticity of the synthesis in a plant cell are highlighted. The involvement of PCs in the plant breathing, photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction processes and regulation of the plants physiological state are discussed

Poly[[diaqua[μ5-(R,S)-2-({2-[(1,2-di­carboxyl­atoeth­yl)amino]­eth­yl}amino)­butane­dioato]cobaltate(III)sodium] di­hydrate]

In the asymmetric unit of the title coordination polymer, {[CoNa(C10H12N2O8)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, the CoII ion is coord­inated in a distorted octa­hedral environment, defined by two N atoms and four carboxyl­ate O atoms. Two CoII ions and two 2-({2-[(1,2-dicarboxyl­atoeth­yl)amino]­eth­yl}amino)­butane­dio­ate (EDDS) ligands form a dimeric complex dianion [Co2(EDDS)2]. These dimeric units are connected via Na+ ions, forming a three-dimensional polymeric structure. In the crystal, the ligand N—H groups and the coordinated and solvent water mol­ecules are involved in inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, reinforcing the three-dimensional polymeric structure

Transcriptional responses of winter barley to cold indicate nucleosome remodelling as a specific feature of crown tissues

We report a series of microarray-based comparisons of gene expression in the leaf and crown of the winter barley cultivar Luxor, following the exposure of young plants to various periods of low (above and below zero) temperatures. A transcriptomic analysis identified genes which were either expressed in both the leaf and crown, or specifically in one or the other. Among the former were genes responsible for calcium and abscisic acid signalling, polyamine synthesis, late embryogenesis abundant proteins and dehydrins. In the crown, the key organ for cereal overwintering, cold treatment induced transient changes in the transcription of nucleosome assembly genes, and especially H2A and HTA11, which have been implicated in cold sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the leaf, various heat-shock proteins were induced. Differences in expression pattern between the crown and leaf were frequent for genes involved in certain pathways responsible for osmolyte production (sucrose and starch, raffinose, γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism), sugar signalling (trehalose metabolism) and secondary metabolism (lignin synthesis). The action of proteins with antifreeze activity, which were markedly induced during hardening, was demonstrated by a depression in the ice nucleation temperature

Session 17 Ecophysiology

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Two new isostructural cobalt(II) and nickel(II) polynuclear complexes with 2-(phosphonomethyl)aminosuccinic acid, H4PMAS, namely, Na[Co 12(PMAS)6(H2O)17(OH)] ·x2H2O, 1·x2H2O, and Na[Ni 12(PMAS)6(H2O)17(OH)]·xH 2O, 2·xH2O, have been synthesized for the first time from aqueous solutions and studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; TG/DTA analysis; and magnetochemistry. Both 1 and 2 crystallize in the rhombohedral crystal system with the R3Ì... space group with 1/6 of the Co12(PMAS) 6 or Ni12(PMAS)6 moieties in the asymmetric unit. The X-ray refinements reveal the presence of 18 water sites, but unit cell charge balance requires that one water molecule must be an OH- anion, an anion which is disordered over the 18 sites. The PMAS4- ligand forms two five-membered and one six-membered chelation ring. Both 1 and 2 contain 24-membered metallacycles as a result of the bridging nature of the PMAS4- ligands. The resulting three-dimensional structures have one-dimensional channels with a sodium cation at the center of symmetry. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility reveals the presence of weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling interactions in both 1 and 2. Two exchange coupling constants, J1 = -15.3(7) cm-1 and J 2 = -1.06(2) cm-1 with S1 = S2 = 3/2 for the Co(1)···Co(1) and Co(1) ···Co(2) exchange pathways, respectively, are required for 1, and J1 = -1.17(6) cm-1 and J2 = -4.00(8) cm-1 with S1 = S2 = 1 for the Ni(1)···Ni(1) and Ni(1)···Ni(2) exchange pathways, respectively, are required for 2, in order to fit the temperature dependence of the observed magnetic susceptibilities

Effect of Carnosine in Experimental Arthritis and on Primary Culture Chondrocytes

Carnosine’s (CARN) anti-inflammatory potential in autoimmune diseases has been but scarcely investigated as yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CARN in rat adjuvant arthritis, in the model of carrageenan induced hind paw edema (CARA), and also in primary culture of chondrocytes under H2O2 injury. The experiments were done on healthy animals, arthritic animals, and arthritic animals with oral administration of CARN in a daily dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. during 28 days as well as animals with CARA treated by a single administration of CARN in the same dose. CARN beneficially affected hind paw volume and changes in body weight on day 14 and reduced hind paw swelling in CARA. Markers of oxidative stress in plasma and brain (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls, and lag time of lipid peroxidation) and also activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase were significantly corrected by CARN. CARN also reduced IL-1alpha in plasma. Suppression of intracellular oxidant levels was also observed in chondrocytes pretreated with CARN. Our results obtained on two animal models showed that CARN has systemic anti-inflammatory activity and protected rat brain and chondrocytes from oxidative stress. This finding suggests that CARN might be beneficial for treatment of arthritic diseases

Synthesis and biological activity of 3d-mental complexes with bis (phosphonomethyl) aminosunric acid

Синтезовано та досліджено комплекси Co(II), Ni(II) та Zn(II) з біс(фосфонометил) аміноянтарною кислотою у водних розчинах методом електронної спектроскопії поглинання. Встановлено утворення комплексних форм різного протонного складу загальної формули [М(НnBPMAS)(OH)m] (n=4÷0, m=1÷0), розраховано константи стійкості комплексів та побудовано діаграми розподілу комплексних форм залежно від рН розчину. У твердому стані одержано координаційні сполуки Na4[МBPMAS]·4H2O, які вивчено методами ІЧ-спектроскопії та термогравіметрії. Встановлено гідратний склад комплексів, термічні характеристики та запропоновано спосіб координації донорних груп біс(фосфонометил)аміноянтарної кислоти до катіонів. Проведено вивчення біологічної активності синтезованих сполук. Показано, що біс(фосфонометил)аміноянтарна кислота та її комплекси з 3d-металами проявляють стимулюючу дію на ріст грамнегативних бактерій роду Pseudomonas. Комплекси Co(II) здатні ініціювати синтез гормону росту – гетереоауксину у Pseudomonas fluorescens.New complexes of 3d-metals (Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) with bis(phosphonomethyl)aminosuccinic acid (H6BPMAS) have been synthesized. The complexes were studied in aqueous solutions at ratios M2+:H 6BPMAS = 1:1 in a wide pH range (1÷10). Regardless of the nature of the metal, the formation of complexes of the general composition [M(HnBPMAS)(OH)m] (n= 4÷0, m=1÷0) is shown. The stability constants of the formed differently protonated complexes are calculated and diagrams of their distribution are plotted. It is shown that the process of complexation takes place most completely in the region of pH>4. For all bis(phosphonomethyl)aminosuccinates of 3dmetals, the dominance of the complex with one form of the ligand occurs in approximately the same pH ranges. A close order of change in the values of lgKst. complexes testifies to the same type of structure of their internal coordination sphere