Analisa Perbandingan Quality Of Service (QoS) pada Jaringan Backbone Non-MPLS dengan Jaringan Backbone MPLS Menggunakan Routing Protocol OSPF di PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk. Witel Ridar Riau

The development of telecommunications technology based on Internet Protocol (IP) is now growing with the competitiveness of the telecommunications company to improve the quality of service to consumers. It can be obtained by increasing the quality backbone network using Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). MPLS is a new technology to forward the packet to the backbone network without changing the existing network structure. The main idea is to construct a replacement MPLS paths using label switching and distribute traffic into it. This paper compare the Qualty of Service (QoS) on Non-MPLS backbone network to MPLS backbone network with OSPF routing protocol on the PT. Telecommunication Indonesia, Tbk. Witel Ridar Riau. The Software simulation using Graphical Network Simulator (GNS3) is analyze by observing QoS are delay, packet loss, throughput, and jitter with Wireshark. In this research, there are two scenarios that will be analyzed. The first scenarios analyze the customer site make deliveries to one another customer site and the second scenarios analyze two customer sites make deliveries to the customer site simultaneously. The results show that the highest delay in the first scenario is better MPLS backbone network at 0.029999 s and 0.0124 s in the second scenario than Non-MPLS backbone network. It Followed by the highest value of packet loss on the network backbone MPLS and non-MPLS are equal 0% and in the second scenario, MPLS is better 0% than non-MPLS. The Throughput has same trend with the highest value in the first scenario MPLS backbone network is better 0.0085 Mbps and 0011 Mbps in the second scenario than Non-MPLS backbone network. Meanwhile the highest jitter values in the first scenario MPLS backbone network is better too at 0.3595995 s and 1.544403 s on the second scenario than the non-MPLS

Gradient descent learning in and out of equilibrium

Relations between the off thermal equilibrium dynamical process of on-line learning and the thermally equilibrated off-line learning are studied for potential gradient descent learning. The approach of Opper to study on-line Bayesian algorithms is extended to potential based or maximum likelihood learning. We look at the on-line learning algorithm that best approximates the off-line algorithm in the sense of least Kullback-Leibler information loss. It works by updating the weights along the gradient of an effective potential different from the parent off-line potential. The interpretation of this off equilibrium dynamics holds some similarities to the cavity approach of Griniasty. We are able to analyze networks with non-smooth transfer functions and transfer the smoothness requirement to the potential.Comment: 08 pages, submitted to the Journal of Physics

String amplitudes in arbitrary dimensions

We calculate gravitational dressed tachyon correlators in non critcal dimensions. The 2D gravity part of our theory is constrained to constant curvature. Then scaling dimensions of gravitational dressed vertex operators are equal to their bare conformal dimensions. Considering the model as d+2 dimensional critical string we calculate poles of generalized Shapiro-Virasoro amplitudes.Comment: 14 page

A Closed-Form Solution of the Multi-Period Portfolio Choice Problem for a Quadratic Utility Function

In the present paper, we derive a closed-form solution of the multi-period portfolio choice problem for a quadratic utility function with and without a riskless asset. All results are derived under weak conditions on the asset returns. No assumption on the correlation structure between different time points is needed and no assumption on the distribution is imposed. All expressions are presented in terms of the conditional mean vectors and the conditional covariance matrices. If the multivariate process of the asset returns is independent it is shown that in the case without a riskless asset the solution is presented as a sequence of optimal portfolio weights obtained by solving the single-period Markowitz optimization problem. The process dynamics are included only in the shape parameter of the utility function. If a riskless asset is present then the multi-period optimal portfolio weights are proportional to the single-period solutions multiplied by time-varying constants which are depending on the process dynamics. Remarkably, in the case of a portfolio selection with the tangency portfolio the multi-period solution coincides with the sequence of the simple-period solutions. Finally, we compare the suggested strategies with existing multi-period portfolio allocation methods for real data.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, changes: VAR(1)-CCC-GARCH(1,1) process dynamics and the analysis of increasing horizon are included in the simulation study, under revision in Annals of Operations Researc

Longitudinal grey and white matter changes in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia are characterised by progressive brain atrophy. Longitudinal MRI volumetry may help to characterise ongoing structural degeneration and support the differential diagnosis of dementia subtypes. Automated, observer-independent atlas-based MRI volumetry was applied to analyse 102 MRI data sets from 15 bvFTD, 14 AD, and 10 healthy elderly control participants with consecutive scans over at least 12 months. Anatomically defined targets were chosen a priori as brain structures of interest. Groups were compared regarding volumes at clinic presentation and annual change rates. Baseline volumes, especially of grey matter compartments, were significantly reduced in bvFTD and AD patients. Grey matter volumes of the caudate and the gyrus rectus were significantly smaller in bvFTD than AD. The bvFTD group could be separated from AD on the basis of caudate volume with high accuracy (79% cases correct). Annual volume decline was markedly larger in bvFTD and AD than controls, predominantly in white matter of temporal structures. Decline in grey matter volume of the lateral orbitofrontal gyrus separated bvFTD from AD and controls. Automated longitudinal MRI volumetry discriminates bvFTD from AD. In particular, greater reduction of orbitofrontal grey matter and temporal white matter structures after 12 months is indicative of bvFTD

Measurement of soft-drop jet observables in p p collisions with the ATLAS detector at s = 13TeV

Jet substructure quantities are measured using jets groomed with the soft-drop grooming procedure in dijet events from 32.9 fb−1 of pp collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at s=13 TeV. These observables are sensitive to a wide range of QCD phenomena. Some observables, such as the jet mass and opening angle between the two subjets which pass the soft-drop condition, can be described by a high-order (resummed) series in the strong coupling constant αS. Other observables, such as the momentum sharing between the two subjets, are nearly independent of αS. These observables can be constructed using all interacting particles or using only charged particles reconstructed in the inner tracking detectors. Track-based versions of these observables are not collinear safe, but are measured more precisely, and universal non-perturbative functions can absorb the collinear singularities. The unfolded data are directly compared with QCD calculations and hadron-level Monte Carlo simulations. The measurements are performed in different pseudorapidity regions, which are then used to extract quark and gluon jet shapes using the predicted quark and gluon fractions in each region. All of the parton shower and analytical calculations provide an excellent description of the data in most regions of phase space.Fil: Aad, G.. Aix-Marseille Université; FranciaFil: Abbott, B.. Ochanomizu University; JapónFil: Abbott, D. C.. University of Massachusetts; Estados UnidosFil: Abed Abud, A.. Cern - European Organization for Nuclear Research; SuizaFil: Abeling, K.. Georg August Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Abhayasinghe, D. K.. Royal Holloway University of London; Reino UnidoFil: Abidi, S. H.. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: AbouZeid, O. S.. University of Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Abraham, N. L.. University of Sussex; Reino UnidoFil: Abramowicz ,H.. Universitat Tel Aviv; IsraelFil: Abreu, H.. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; IsraelFil: Abulaiti, Y.. Argonne National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Acharya, B. S.. The Abdus Salam. International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Achkar, B.. Georg August Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Adachi,S.. University of Tokyo; JapónFil: Adam, L.. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; IsraelFil: Adam Bourdarios, C.. Universite Grenoble Alpes; Francia. Université Savoie Mont Blanc; FranciaFil: Adamczyk, L.. AGH University of Science and Technology; PoloniaFil: Adamek, L.. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Adelman, J.. Northern Illinois University; Estados UnidosFil: Adersberger, M.. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; AlemaniaFil: Adiguzel, A.. Bahcesehir University; TurquíaFil: Adorni, S.. Université de Genève; SuizaFil: Adye, T.. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Reino UnidoFil: Affolder, A. A.. University of California Santa Cruz; Estados UnidosFil: Afik, Y.. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; IsraelFil: Agapopoulou, C.. Universite Paris-Saclay; . Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Agaras, M. N.. Université Clermont Auvergne; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Aggarwal, A.. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen; Países BajosFil: Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentin

GAPS-megacities: A new global platform for investigating persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in urban air

A pilot study was initiated in 2018 under the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network named GAPS-Megacities. This study included 20 megacities/major cities across the globe with the goal of better understanding and comparing ambient air levels of persistent organic pollutants and other chemicals of emerging concern, to which humans residing in large cities are exposed. The first results from the initial period of sampling are reported for 19 cities for several classes of flame retardants (FRs) including organophosphate esters (OPEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) including new flame retardants (NFRs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). The two cities, New York (USA) and London (UK) stood out with ∼3.5 to 30 times higher total FR concentrations as compared to other major cities, with total concentrations of OPEs of 15,100 and 14,100 pg/m3, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of OPEs significantly dominated the FR profile at all sites, with total concentrations in air that were 2-5 orders of magnitude higher compared to other targeted chemical classes. A moderately strong and significant correlation (r = 0.625, p < 0.001) was observed for Gross Domestic Product index of the cities with total OPEs levels. Although large differences in FR levels were observed between some cities, when averaged across the five United Nations regions, the FR classes were more evenly distributed and varied by less than a factor of five. Results for Toronto, which is a "reference city" for this study, agreed well with a more in-depth investigation of the level of FRs over different seasons and across eight sites representing different urban source sectors (e.g. traffic, industrial, residential and background). Future sampling periods under this project will investigate trace metals and other contaminant classes, linkages to toxicology, non-targeted analysis, and eventually temporal trends. The study provides a unique urban platform for evaluating global exposome.Fil: Saini, Amandeep. Environment and Climate Change; CanadáFil: Harner, Tom. Environment and Climate Change; CanadáFil: Chinnadhurai, Sita. Environment and Climate Change; CanadáFil: Schuster, Jasmin K.. Environment and Climate Change; CanadáFil: Yates, Alan. Environment and Climate Change; CanadáFil: Sweetman, Andrew. Lancaster Environment Centre; Reino UnidoFil: Aristizabal Zuluaga, Beatriz H.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Jiménez, Begoña. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Manzano, Carlos A.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Gaga, Eftade O.. Eskisehir Technical University; TurquíaFil: Stevenson, Gavin. National Measurement Institute; AustraliaFil: Falandysz, Jerzy. Uniwersytet Gdanski; PoloniaFil: Ma, Jianmin. Peking University; ChinaFil: Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Kannan, Kurunthachalam. Nyu Grossman School Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Tominaga, Maria. Sao Paulo State Environmental Company; BrasilFil: Jariyasopit, Narumol. No especifíca;Fil: Rojas, Nestor Y.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Amador-Muñoz, Omar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Sinha, Ravindra. Patna University; IndiaFil: Alani, Rose. University of Lagos; NigeriaFil: Suresh, R.. No especifíca;Fil: Nishino, Takahiro. Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection; JapónFil: Shoeib, Tamer. American University In Cairo; Egipt

Observational Diagnostics of Gas Flows: Insights from Cosmological Simulations

Galactic accretion interacts in complex ways with gaseous halos, including galactic winds. As a result, observational diagnostics typically probe a range of intertwined physical phenomena. Because of this complexity, cosmological hydrodynamic simulations have played a key role in developing observational diagnostics of galactic accretion. In this chapter, we review the status of different observational diagnostics of circumgalactic gas flows, in both absorption (galaxy pair and down-the-barrel observations in neutral hydrogen and metals; kinematic and azimuthal angle diagnostics; the cosmological column density distribution; and metallicity) and emission (Lya; UV metal lines; and diffuse X-rays). We conclude that there is no simple and robust way to identify galactic accretion in individual measurements. Rather, progress in testing galactic accretion models is likely to come from systematic, statistical comparisons of simulation predictions with observations. We discuss specific areas where progress is likely to be particularly fruitful over the next few years.Comment: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dave, to be published by Springer. Typos correcte

Hierarchical Anatomical Brain Networks for MCI Prediction: Revisiting Volumetric Measures

Owning to its clinical accessibility, T1-weighted MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has been extensively studied in the past decades for prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The volumes of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most commonly used measurements, resulting in many successful applications. It has been widely observed that disease-induced structural changes may not occur at isolated spots, but in several inter-related regions. Therefore, for better characterization of brain pathology, we propose in this paper a means to extract inter-regional correlation based features from local volumetric measurements. Specifically, our approach involves constructing an anatomical brain network for each subject, with each node representing a Region of Interest (ROI) and each edge representing Pearson correlation of tissue volumetric measurements between ROI pairs. As second order volumetric measurements, network features are more descriptive but also more sensitive to noise. To overcome this limitation, a hierarchy of ROIs is used to suppress noise at different scales. Pairwise interactions are considered not only for ROIs with the same scale in the same layer of the hierarchy, but also for ROIs across different scales in different layers. To address the high dimensionality problem resulting from the large number of network features, a supervised dimensionality reduction method is further employed to embed a selected subset of features into a low dimensional feature space, while at the same time preserving discriminative information. We demonstrate with experimental results the efficacy of this embedding strategy in comparison with some other commonly used approaches. In addition, although the proposed method can be easily generalized to incorporate other metrics of regional similarities, the benefits of using Pearson correlation in our application are reinforced by the experimental results. Without requiring new sources of information, our proposed approach improves the accuracy of MCI prediction from (of conventional volumetric features) to (of hierarchical network features), evaluated using data sets randomly drawn from the ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset

Transcriptional responses of ecologically diverse drosophila species to larval diets differing in relative sugar and protein ratios

We utilized three ecologically diverse Drosophila species to explore the influence of ecological adaptation on transcriptomic responses to isocaloric diets differing in their relative proportions of protein to sugar. Drosophila melanogaster, a cosmopolitan species that breeds in decaying fruit, exemplifies individuals long exposed to a Western diet higher in sugar, while the natural diet of the cactophilic D. mojavensis, is much lower in carbohydrates. Drosophila arizonae, the sister species of D. mojavensis, is largely cactophilic, but also utilizes rotting fruits that are higher in sugars than cacti. We exposed third instar larvae for 24 hours to diets either (1) high in protein relative to sugar, (2) diets with equal amounts of protein and sugar, and (3) diets low in protein but high in sugar. As we predicted, based upon earlier interspecific studies of development and metabolism, the most extreme differences in gene expression under different dietary conditions were found in D. mojavensis followed by D. arizonae. No differential expression among diets was observed for D. melanogaster, a species that survives well under all three conditions, with little impact on its metabolism. We suggest that these three species together provide a model to examine individual and population differences in vulnerability to lifestyle-associated health problems such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes