Designing data warehouses for geographic OLAP querying by using MDA

Data aggregation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a desirable feature, spatial data are integrated in OLAP engines for this purpose. However, the development and operation of those systems is still a complex task due to methodologies followed. There are some ad hoc solutions that deal only with isolated aspects and do not provide developer and analyst with an intuitive, integrated and standard framework for designing all relevant parts. To overcome these problems, we have defined a model driven approach to accomplish Geographic Data Warehouse (GDW) development. Then, we have defined a data model required to implement and query spatial data. Its modeling is defined and implemented by using an extension of UML metamodel and it is also formalized by using OCL language. In addition, the proposal has been verified against a example scenario with sample data sets. For this purpose, we have accomplished a developing tool based on Eclipse platform and MDA standard. The great advantage of this solution is that developers can directly include spatial data at conceptual level, while decision makers can also conceptually make geographic queries without being aware of logical details.This work has been partially supported by the ESPIA project (TIN2007-67078) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and by the QUASIMODO project (PAC08-0157-0668) from the Castilla-La Mancha Ministry of Education and Science (Spain). Octavio Glorio is funded by the University of Alicante under the 11th Latin American grant program

Un profil UML pour les entrepôts de données intégrant les réseaux spatiaux

National audienceSpatial Data Warehouses (SDW) and Spatial OLAP (SOLAP) systems allow the storage and multidimensional analysis of huge volumes of geographic data. Existing SOLAP models do not take into account connectivity of spatial objects and consequently they do not natively integrate networks. In this paper, we propose a UML (Unified Modeling Language) profile for SDW integrating spatial networks. We implemented our UML profile using UML meta-model elements and OCL (Object Constraint Language) constraints with a Computer-Aided Software Engineering tool (MagicDraw). The implementation of the conceptual model in a database is presented using Oracle.Les entrepôts de données spatiales (EDS) et les outils OLAP spatial (SOLAP) permettent le stockage et l'analyse multidimensionnelle d’une grande quantité de données géographiques. Les modèles existants SOLAP ne tiennent pas compte de la connectivité des objets spatiaux et par conséquent ils n’intègrent pas les données de type réseaux, comme les réseaux routiers et leurs méthodes d'analyse. Dans cet article, nous proposons un profil UML (Unified Modeling Language) pour les entrepôts de données intégrant des réseaux spatiaux. Nous mettons en ½oeuvre notre profil UML en se basant sur le méta-modèle d’UML et des contraintes OCL (Object Constraint Language) avec un atelier de génie logiciel (MagicDraw). Une implémentation du modèle conceptuel dans une base de données est présentée en utilisant Oracle

Un Profil UML pour les Entrepôts de Données Intégrant les Réseaux Spatiaux

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Increasing the impact of science and technology to provide more people with healthier and safer food

Ensuring adequate food availability to an increasing world population constitutes one of the biggest challenges faced by humankind. Scientific and technological advances in food production during the last century enabled agriculture to cope with the concomitant increase in food demand. For example, cereal yields have more than doubled from a global average of 1.5 metric tons per hectare in the 1960s up to 3.2 metric tons per hectare in 2018. This was made possible by the work in different research fields such as agronomy, engineering, and plant sciences, showing that an inter and multidisciplinary approach is indispensable for significant progress. This manuscript is aimed at generating reflexion and analysis about the challenges that agriculture faces at present to satisfy projected food demands, which implies a further doubling of food production by 2050, according to the latest estimates. Relevant issues related to food production (climate change, pollution of water and soils by pesticides and fertilizers, loss of germplasm and biodiversity) are discussed and potential solutions to achieve food security in quantity and quality are reviewed, mainly from the plant breeding and crop-production perspectives, always associated with environmental health preservation and improvement. A broad transdisciplinary effort is needed to increase the impact of science and technology to provide more people with healthier and safer food, produced in a sustainable way. Nonetheless, science and technology alone will not succeed to meet those challenges. Education and knowledge transfer strategies are needed to guarantee responsible production and consumption everywhere, therefore allowing the benefits of scientific and technological progress reach the world population. Simultaneously, adequate action by regulatory authorities and governments concerted at international level, with thorough application of the Precautionary Principle, and aiming at environmental and social justice are imperatively required to meet the challenge and achieve the goal