Tungstate Based Ceramics Obtained By Spark Plasma Sintering Method – Possible Material for Consolidation of Radioactive Wastes’ Components

The Spark Plasma Sintering method was used to produce high-density ceramics from tungstates SrWO4 and NaNd(WO4)2 with scheelite structure. These compounds are proposed as possible matrices for the consolidation of radwaste components. Powder samples were obtained by coprecipitation method and studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After sintering, the samples retained their phase identity (scheelite structure). The total duration of sintering was ∼ 13-15 min, the relative density was reached ∼ 92, 99%. Keywords: Tungstates, RW, Spark Plasma Sintering, high density, microstructur

MACRO- AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES DETERMINATION OF THE COMBINATION PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT «LORPOLIPHYT» POWDER

The diagnostic features of the combination plant medicinal product powder «Lorpoliphyt», consisting of the flowers of calendula, horsetail, plantain leaves, grass St. John's wort, chamomile flowers, yarrow herb, rhizomes and roots of elecampane were determined by microscopic analysis. The description and photomicrographs of the morphological and anatomic diagnostic features were given. The obtained information will be used for the preparation of the normative documentation to combination plant medicinal product powder

Results of a comparative study of <i>Nigella Sativa</i> L. Seeds oils composition

This article presents results of the chemical composition study of the seeds oils lipid complex of Nigella Sativa L. grown under various geographic conditions. The task of the comprehensive study of the chemical composition of the plant and its individual parts remains relevant due to the wide spectrum of its pharmacological activity.The aim of this work is a comparative study of the fatty acid composition, a non-saponifiable fraction and the composition of essential oils of Nigella Sativa L. seeds grown in different regions of the world.Materials and methods. The combination of chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy methods made it possible to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of Nigella Sativa L. lipid complex seeds. All the experiments were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia, 14th Ed, given in the corresponding general pharmacopeial monographs.Results. Profiles have been established and the content of fatty acids, sterines, triterpene alcohols, essential oils and thymoquinone found out in the lipid complex, has been estimated. The saponifiable portion of the complex is represented by triglycerides (81.7–95.3%), di(3.9–15.2%) and monoglycerides (0.7–4.1%). They mainly contain linoleic (55.8–60.6%), oleic (21.8–24.6%), palmitic (10.0–12.8%), stearic (2.4–3.2 %) and cis-11.14-eicosadiene (2.3–2.6%) acids. In the lipid complex, the contents of sterines and triterpene alcohols were 0.4–0.7%; up to 70% of the fraction was represented by β-sitosterol (22.5–29.2%), cycloartenol (20.1–36.6%) and 24 methylenecycloartanol (9.5–19.9%). In the trace amounts (up to 1.0%), cholesterol has been detected in all the samples. In the lipid complexes, the content of thymoquinone ranged from 0.7 to 2.6%.Conclusion. A comparative study of the seeds lipid complex of Nigella Sativa L. grown under various geographic conditions, has been carried out. The marker compounds as well as their content standards for determining the authenticity of raw materials (thymoquinone, para-cimen, cis-11.14-eicosadienic acid), have been identified

Shared knowledge centre (research and education centre) of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia as a modern experimental basis for the development of drug standards

Shared Knowledge Centre (Research and Education Centre) of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (SKC (REC) PFUR) was established in 2009. It is equipped with modern advanced measuring and testing equipment. On the basis of SKC (REC) various scientific and research projects are conducted, such as the development and formulation of medicines; quality control and standardization of medicines and substances, etc. The research results became a basis for a number of general monographs and monographs to be included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XIII edition, in particular, «Mass Spectrometry», «Fatty oils» etc. At the moment the employees of SKC (REC) are developing technologies and methods of standardization for dosage forms such as transdermal patch, buccal films, floating tablet and other innovative dosage forms, which will be used for further development of the general monographs and monographs for the future Russian State Pharmacopoeia editions

A Technology for Isolation and Analysis of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Biologically Active Components from <i>N. sativa</i> L. Seeds.

Introduction. Seeds of Nigella sativa L. are widely known as a source of fatty oil with a very rare component-thymoquinone. The therapeutic potential of biologically active compounds of plant seeds covers a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and immune systems. In addition, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antitumor, oncoprotective, immunomodulating effects were found in thymoquinone. In addition to fatty oil and thymoquinone, a number of other significant compounds are present in the seeds, which also make up their own pharmacological asset. Aim. Study was to develop a processing flow chart and analyze the lipophilic and hydrophilic components of the seeds of N. sativa L.Materials and methods. The following methods were used as analytical methods: gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector - for the analysis of sterols and triterpenes; chromatography-mass spectrometry (gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) - for the study of essential oil; chromatography-mass spectrometry (high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) - to study flavonoids. To obtain individual fractions of biologically active compounds of seeds of N. sativa L., fractional extraction was used.Results and discussion. The principle of this approach in this case is to extract the entire lipid complex of seeds with n-hexane, followed by removal of the extractant. The thickened hexane extract is treated with ethyl alcohol, which extracts unsaponifiable compounds - terpenes, quinones, sterols and does not dissolve triacylglycerides. The seed meal remaining after hexane extraction is treated with ethyl alcohol 70 %, into which hydrophilic molecules, in particular flavonoids, pass.Conclusion. After transesterification, 5 compounds were identified in the lipophilic fraction of saponifiable lipids, the linoleic and oleic acids being dominant. A characteristic feature of this fraction is the presence of cis-11,14-eicosadiene acid, which can act as a marker element of the fatty oil of the seeds of N. sativa L. Sterols and triterpenes were found in the unsaponifiable fraction. The major component of this fraction is β-sitosterol. In addition to the indicated sterol, campesterol and stigmasteri are present. Triterpenes are represented by cycloartenol and its derivatives. Simple phenols, quinones and monoterpenes were found in the essential oil complex, p-cymol, thymoquinone and α-thuyen predominate. The hydrophilic fraction of the seeds of N. sativa L. includes flavonoids of the methoxylated series of flavones and kempferol glycosides

On the Relationship between the Omori and Gutenberg-Richter Parameters in Aftershock Sequences

International audienceAbstract—The issues concerning the relationship between two self-similarity parameters—the Gutenberg-Richter b- and Omori p-values—in the aftershock sequences are explored. In the laboratory experiments, under fracture initiation in the rock by sharp jumps in the axial stress, a correlation between the p- and b-values is revealed in the fracture relaxation regimes similar to aftershocks. The correlation observed in the experiments on water-saturated sandstone samples with the preliminarily formed faults is negative and clearly pronounced. The correlation in the case of dry samples of migmatite and concrete proved to be positive but its statistical significance is lower than for the wet samples. The analysis of the literature data on detecting the connection between parameters p and b in the natural aftershock sequences shows that the reported results are heterogeneous. Some authors conclude that these parameters are connected and that both positive and negative correlation is noted between them. Other authors present evidence suggesting the absence of any correlation. Our study of the natural aftershocks based on the data of regional earthquake catalogs has shown that the statistical estimates of the Gutenberg-Richter and Omori parameters are fairly sensitive to the quality and homogeneity of the input data. The key factors affecting the estimation quality of these parameters are established, and the procedure for selecting the aftershock catalogs for subject analysis is developed. The results of statistical estimating the Gutenberg-Richter and Omori parameters in the aftershock processes in the regions with different types of the tectonic regimes—subduction zones and regions of shear transform faults—have shown that that the correlation of these parameters in the subduction zones can be positive and negative either. In the zones of the transform faults, the connection between these parameters is not detected. Our study generalizes K. Scholtz's idea that the Omori law can be explained by the superimposition of the relaxation processes having different relaxation times. According to the generalized model, the different sign of the correlation between the self-similarity parameters in the aftershock processes correspond to the different relaxation mechanisms with different types of the dependence of the relaxation time on the "size" of the relaxator. It is currently unclear which particular mechanisms are implemented in the aftershock processes. The relationship between the Omori and Gutenberg-Richter parameters revealed by our laboratory experiments and field studies (positive correlation, negative correlation, or lack of correlation) may indicate the implementation of different relaxation mechanisms in some or other particular conditions

Development of the composition and technology of a granular dosage form based on a thick milk thistle extract and ademetionine

Introduction. The creation of rational combined medicines with hepatoprotective activity is an urgent task of medicinal science. Ademetionin shows pharmacological ef-fectiveness in cytolysis, cholestasis, synthetic insufficiency. Silybin, in turn, is effective in cytolysis, synthetic insufficiency, mesenchymal inflammation, fibrosis and pathological regeneration. Thus, the combination of these substances covers almost the entire set of clinical and morphological syndromes of liver damage and has a wide range of effects in various liver pathologies. Aim. The purpose of this study was to develop a combined granular dosage form containing a thick extract of milk thistle, ademetionin and analytical support for this process. Materials and methods. To obtain a thick extract from the fruits of Silybum marianum L. a traditional percolation method was used in a battery of 3 diffusers. Extractant removal was performed using a rotary evaporator IR-1M3 under vacuum. For the analysis of silybin in the obtained thick extract from the fruit of S. marianum L. the method of HPLC was used. Validation evaluation of the method was performed according to generally accepted parameters. Results and discussion. A modular combined dosage form based on a thick extract of S. marianum L. and ademethionine was developed. Lactose was introduced as an auxiliary agent. The quality of pellets was evaluated according to generally accepted criteria. The validation parameters of the manufactured dosage form were determined using the HPLC method. Accuracy and precision were determined by the method of additives in a series of 9 experimental samples of granules. The results of determining the linearity, precision and correctness of the method for determining silybin and ademetionin in a combined model drug form showed correct results. Conclusion.Thus, a combined granular dosage form containing a thick extract of milk thistle, ademetionin, has been developed. Analytical support of this process using the HPLC method was performed. Validation studies of the developed methodology were carried out. The field of application of the obtained results is practical pharmacy. Further research should concern the conduct of a set of pharmacological tests. © Pisarev D. I., Novikov О. О., Zhilyakova Е. Т., Boyko N. N., Abramovich R. А., Potanina О. G., Lazar S., Ahmad A. S., Nasser R., 2020

Центр коллективного пользования (научно-образовательный центр) РУДН - современная экспериментальная база для разработки нормативов лекарственных средств

Shared Knowledge Centre (Research and Education Centre) of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (SKC (REC) PFUR) was established in 2009. It is equipped with modern advanced measuring and testing equipment. On the basis of SKC (REC) various scientific and research projects are conducted, such as the development and formulation of medicines; quality control and standardization of medicines and substances, etc. The research results became a basis for a number of general monographs and monographs to be included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XIII edition, in particular, «Mass Spectrometry», «Fatty oils» etc. At the moment the employees of SKC (REC) are developing technologies and methods of standardization for dosage forms such as transdermal patch, buccal films, floating tablet and other innovative dosage forms, which will be used for further development of the general monographs and monographs for the future Russian State Pharmacopoeia editions.Центр коллективного пользования (научно-образовательный центр) Российского университета дружбы народов создан в 2009 году, оснащен современным передовым измерительным и испытательным оборудованием. На базе Центра коллективного пользования проводятся научно-исследовательские работы по направлениям: разработка и создание лекарственных препаратов, контроль качества и стандартизация лекарственных средств и субстанций и др. Результаты исследований положены в основу ряда общих фармакопейных статей и фармакопейных статей для Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации XIII издания, в частности «Масс-спектрометрия», «Жирные масла» и др. В настоящее время в Центре коллективного пользования разрабатываются технологии и методы стандартизации лекарственных форм: трансдермальный пластырь, трансбуккальные пленки, плавающая таблетка и другие инновационные лекарственные формы, которые будут использованы для дальнейших разработок общих фармакопейных статей и фармакопейных статей для будущих изданий Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации