Evolution of Off-Shore Business

This article is about investigation of offshore business evolution and characteristics at each stage of development. Discover factors formation of modern offshore centers and solve causes rapid growth of the offshore segment in the world economy

Маркетингові дослідження ринку протигрибкових лікарських засобів для місцевого застосування

Marketing research of the modern range of antifungal drugs has been conducted according to the data of the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine and Morion information retrieval program. The share of manufacturing countries of these drugs, and the ratio of different dosage forms and drug subgroups of the drugs studied by group D 01A have been determined according to the unified anatomic-therapeutic and chemical classification system ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical).Проведены маркетинговые исследования современного ассортимента лекарственных средств противогрибкового действия по данным Государственного экспертного центра МОЗ Украины и информационно-поисковой программы «Морион». Установлено долю стран-производителей этих лекарственных средств, соотношение различных лекарственных форм и лекарственных подгрупп в соответствии с унифицированной анатомо-терапевтической и химической классификационной системой АТС (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) исследуемых ЛС по группе D 01A.Проведено маркетингові дослідження сучасного асортименту лікарських засобів протигрибкової дії за даними Державного експертного центру МОЗ України та інформаційно-пошукової програми «Моріон». Встановлено частку країн виробників цих лікарських засобів, співвідношення різних лікарських форм та лікарських підгруп відповідно до уніфікованої анатомо-терапевтичної та хімічної класифікаційної системи АТС (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) досліджуваних ЛЗ за групою D 01A

Impact of optimal therapy for noncommunicable diseases on the course and outcome of COVID-19 inpatients

Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the impact of optimal and suboptimal therapy for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at the prehospital stage on the severity and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. The study included 158 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and having one or more concomitant NCDs. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the quality of initial therapy for NCDs: group 1 — patients receiving treatment that does not meet modern clinical guidelines, taking drugs not regularly or not taking them at all (n=100; 63%), and group 2 — patients receiving treatment in accordance with current clinical guidelines, taking regularly prescribed therapy (n=58; 37%). The primary endpoint was inhospital death, while secondary endpoints — duration of fever, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay.Results. Inhospital mortality was significantly higher in the 1st group of patients compared with the 2nd group (18,0% vs 1,7%, p=0,002). Analysis of secondary endpoints revealed that patients of the 1st group (nonoptimal therapy), in comparison with the 2nd group (optimal therapy), had significantly longer period of fever (10 [7; 12] vs 9 [7; 10] days, p=0,03), longer ICU (0 [0; 3] vs 0 [0; 0] days, p<0,001) and hospital stay (10 [8; 14] vs 8 [7; 11] days, p=0,001).Conclusion. Patients who received standard NCD therapy before admission to the infectious disease hospital, in accordance with current clinical guidelines and who regularly take drugs, have a more favorable course of COVID-19 at the hospital stage and a lower inhospital mortality rate than patients with suboptimal therapy who are not adherent to treatment or not receiving drugs, but having indications for taking them

Efficiency of radiotherapy during local hyperthermia in the treatment of laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer

Cancer of the larynx and laryngopharynx, which is accessible to visual and instrumental examination, remains the most relevant and complicated problem among head and neck malignances as before. Investigations show that the incidence of cancer at these sites in Russia in the last decade has risen from 4.5 to 9.67 %. This is a severe and poor prognostic form of cancer, which is characterized by its nonspecific early clinical manifestations, complex anatomic and topographic structure, and a high rate of regional metastases. The mainstay of treatment for head and neck cancer involves 3 components: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT), which are performed alone or in combination. The most commonly used technique is combined, frequently crippling due to organ-removing operations. The clinical introduction of current radio modifiers, local and deep hyperthermia systems, is a promising approach to improving the results of treatment, to enhancing the radiation damage of RT, and to achieving the tumor regression sufficient for surgical intervention without augmenting the early and late toxicity inherent in chemoradiation treatment. The results of the performed study of 35 patients with T2–3N0–2M0 laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer proved the high efficiency of local hyperthermia in treating malignancies in this region during both preoperative (grades III– IV therapeutic pathomorphism) and radical beam RT

Оптимизация выявления и профилактики туберкулеза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией

Tuberculosis incidence and HIV infection incidence in the regions of the Russian Federation are declining, but the proportion of HIV positive people among the entire cohort of tuberculosis patients is clearly growing.The objective: to determine causes for increasing proportion of HIV infected people among tuberculosis patients and to provide additional recommendations for enhancement of tuberculosis detection in HIV infected patients. as well as prevention of its transmission.Subjects and Methods. The cohort of new tuberculosis patients with concurrent HIV infection (TB/HIV coinfection) in the Russian Federation region with a high prevalence of HIV infection was studied based personal medical records of patients for the first 6 months of 2022 (682 cases totally).Results. The cohort of patients with TB/HIV co-infection belonged to socially vulnerable population. Among them, the parenteral route of HIV infection transmission still prevails, while in the whole country, among new HIV patients, the sexual (heterosexual) route of transmission already prevails. The majority of patients with TB/HIV co-infection, who had been infected with HIV for more than 5 years by the time tuberculosis was detected, were not registered with the Center for AIDS Prevention and Control and accordingly received no antiretroviral therapy. In most cases, HIV-infected patients sought medical care in general medical services when they developed symptoms of tuberculosis, however they referred for help when the disease was advanced. When assessing effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment, the specific parameters of tuberculosis course in HIV-infected patients with compromised immunity have not been taken into account.Показатели территориальной заболеваемости туберкулезом и заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией в Российской Федерации снижаются, но доля лиц с ВИЧ-инфекцией среди всего контингента больных туберкулезом отчетливо растет.Цель исследования: определить причины увеличения доли лиц с ВИЧ-инфекцией среди больных туберкулезом и дать дополнительные рекомендации по оптимизации выявления туберкулеза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией, а также по профилактике ограничения его распространения.Материалы и методы. Изучен контингент впервые выявленных больных туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией (ТБ-ВИЧ-и), в субъекте РФ с высокой распространенностью ВИЧ-инфекции по картам персонального учета больных за первые 6 месяцев 2022 года (всего 682 наблюдения).Результаты. Контингент больных ТБ-ВИЧ-и остается социально неблагополучным. Так, среди них все еще преобладает парентеральный путь заражения ВИЧ, при этом в стране среди впервые выявленных больных ВИЧ-инфекцией преобладает уже половой (гетеросексуальный) путь. Большинство пациентов ТБ-ВИЧ-и с давностью ВИЧ-инфекции более 5 лет к моменту выявления ТБ не состояли на диспансерном учете в «Центре по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД» и, соответственно, не получали антиретровирусную терапию. При симптомах заболевания туберкулезом за медицинской помощью в большинстве случаев больные ВИЧ-инфекцией обращались в учреждения общей лечебной сети несвоевременно. При оценке эффективности противотуберкулезной помощи не учитываются особенности течения туберкулеза у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией в условиях иммунодефицита

How Russian Rap on YouTube Advances Alternative Political Deliberation: Hegemony, Counter- Hegemony, and Emerging Resistant Publics

The late 2010s have seen the unprecedented rise of Russian rap culture on YouTube. This study delves into the unexplored area of the relationship between rap music, politics, and the Internet audience in Russia. It focuses on the analysis of the production of the most popular rap videos—their narratives, power relations, and socio-political themes, as well as the prevailing patterns in the discussion on socio-political issues by the YouTube audience. The study brings three contributions that identify the power relations in the Russian society that manifest in the field of rap music. First, the Russian-speaking users demonstrate a high level of criticality toward the pro-Kremlin rap music on YouTube and challenge the lies of propaganda rap. Second, pro-government rappers follow the Soviet authoritarian ethos and praise belonging to the collective of elites, while liberal ones adhere to the individual responsibility. Third, we demonstrate the prevalence of patriarchal gender values, including macho politics and unquestioned sexism, which are representative of gender politics in the country. This article proves the importance of socio-political commentary on YouTube and points to the rap videos as the popular hubs for the socio-political debates. Users flow to rap videos and utilize the comment section to have their say on the political context and power relations rather than the music, to engage with others, and to contribute to the emerging collective debate. The comment sections on these rap videos have a unique value for the Russian users who exploit them as the negotiation space in the void of other platforms for social dialogue in Russia

Случай туберкулеза в период транзиторного иммунодефицита, связанного с ВИЧ-инфекцией

The article describes a clinical case of a patient with tuberculosis that developed during the period of transient immunodeficiency of HIV infection (stage 2B of HIV infection). The main manifestation of tuberculosis was cervical lymphadenitis, for which several operations had to be performed; enlarged lymph nodes of the lung root, retroperitoneal and inguinal groups were visualized by X-ray. Based on the presence of tuberculosis, the patient was diagnosed with an advanced, 4B stage of HIV infection and, after 9 days, ART was started.The article speculates on whether tuberculosis should be considered as an unambiguous criterion for the last stage of HIV infection regardless of immunity indicators and duration of the course of HIV infection.Приведено клиническое наблюдение пациента с туберкулезом, развившимся в период транзиторного иммунодефицита ВИЧ-инфекции (2В стадия ВИЧ-инфекции). Основным проявлением туберкулеза был шейный лимфаденит, по поводу которого пришлось провести несколько операций, лучевые методы установили наличие увеличенных лимфатических узлов корня легкого, забрюшинных и паховых групп. На основании наличия туберкулеза пациенту установили позднюю, 4В стадию ВИЧ-инфекции и через 9 дней присоединили АРВТ.Обсуждается вопрос, следует ли рассматривать туберкулез как однозначный критерий последней стадии ВИЧ-инфекции независимо от состояния показателей иммунитета и длительности течения ВИЧ-инфекции

Temperature Dependence of Photochemical Degradation of MAPbBr3 Perovskite

The experimental results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorbance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of the core levels and valence bands of MAPbBr3 (MA-CH3NH3+) perovskite before and after exposure to visible light for 700 h at temperatures of 10 and 60 °C are presented. It reveals that the light soaking at 60 °C induces the decomposition of MAPbBr3 perovskite accompanied with the decay of organic cation and the release of a PbBr2 phase as a degradation product whereas the photochemical degradation completely disappears while the aging temperature is decreased to 10 °C. © 2022 by the authors.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ: 21-52-52002; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: AAAA-A18–118020190098-5, FEUZ 2020-0060; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST: 110-2923-E-002-007-MY3; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 19-73-30020I.S.Z. and A.I.K. thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) for support.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 19-73-30020) at IPCP RAS. The XPS measurements were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the theme “Electron” No. AAAA-A18–118020190098-5 and Project FEUZ 2020-0060 as well as the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 21-52-52002). The research fundings from the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST 110-2923-E-002-007-MY3) are gratefully acknowledged

Influence of Oxygen Ion Migration from Substrates on Photochemical Degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 Hybrid Perovskite

Measurements of XPS survey, core levels (N 1s, O 1s, Pb 4f, I 3d), and valence band (VB) spectra of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) hybrid perovskite prepared on different substrates (glass, indium tin oxide (ITO), and TiO2) aged under different light-soaking conditions at room temperature are presented. The results reveal that the photochemical stability of MAPbI3 depends on the type of substrate and gradually decreases when glass is replaced by ITO and TiO2. Also, the degradation upon exposure to visible light is accompanied by the formation of MAI, PbI2, and Pb0 products as shown by XPS core levels spectra. According to XPS O 1s and VB spectra measurements, this degradation process is superimposed on the partial oxidation of lead atoms in ITO/MAPbI3 and TiO2/MAPbI3, for which Pb–O bonds are formed due to the diffusion of the oxygen ions from the substrates. This unexpected interaction leads to additional photochemical degradation. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The sample preparation, aging experiments, UV‐vis, XRD, and SEM characterization were supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19‐73‐30020). The XPS measurements were supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project FEUZ‐2020‐0060), Theme ‘Electron’, no. AAAA‐A18‐118020190098‐5 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects No. 21‐52‐52002/21 and 20‐42‐660003). C.‐C.C. acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST 110‐2923‐E‐002‐007‐MY3) and the Top University Project from National Taiwan University (110L7836 and 110L7726)

Молекулярный фенотип клеток крови, ассоциированный с прогрессированием трижды негативного рака молочной железы

Introduction. triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive clinical phenotype characterized by poor prognosis. immune system plays an important role in the development, treatment response, and progression of solid tumor. The search for immune-related markers associated with the prediction of treatment efficacy and disease prognosis, and based on the use of high-resolution molecular techniques, is a promising area of research, the results of which can be translated into clinical practice. Case description. The molecular profile of blood mononuclear cells in a 48-year-old female patient with histologically proven triple negative breast cancer (estrogen Receptor – 0; progesteron Receptor – 0; Her2/neu – 0; gata-3 – 0, androgen Receptor – 0 and Ki67 – 70 %) was described. The patient did not response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 4 cycles of paclitaxel + carboplatin followed by 2 cycles of adriamycin + cyclophosphamide. The patient underwent surgery. disease progression (pelvic bone metastases) occurred 2 months after surgery. The features of blood lymphocytes and monocytes associated with a lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and disease progression were described.Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrates that sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used as a method for identifying predictive markers of therapy efficacy and developing personalized treatments for patients with triple negative breast cancer.Актуальность. Трижды негативный подтип рака молочной железы характеризуется агрессивным течением и неблагоприятным прогнозом. Компоненты иммунной системы как непосредственные участники патогенеза играют роль в развитии, ответе на терапию и прогрессировании этой нозологии. Поиск маркеров иммунных клеток, ассоциированных с предсказанием эффективности лечения и прогнозом заболевания, основанный на применении молекулярных методов высокого разрешения, является перспективным направлением поискового исследования, результаты которого можно транслировать в клиническую практику. Описание клинического случая. Представлен первый опыт описания молекулярного профиля мононуклеарных клеток крови пациентки с трижды негативным раком молочной железы. Опухоль: инвазивная карцинома неспецифического типа с экспрессией: estrogen Receptor – 0; progesteron Receptor – 0; Her2/neu – 0; gata-3 – 0, androgen Receptor – 0, Ki67 – 70 % опухолевых клеток. Отмечено отсутствие ответа на неоадъювантную химиотерапию по схеме: 4 цикла «паклитаксел + + карбоплатин», с последующими 2 курсами АС (адриамицин + циклофосфан). Пациентке проведено оперативное лечение, через 2 мес после которого выявлены метастазы в кости таза. У пациентки описаны особенности лимфоцитов и моноцитов крови, которые могут быть ассоциированы с отсутствием ответа на неоадъювантную химиотерапию и прогрессированием заболевания.Заключение. Представленное клиническое наблюдение показывает, что метод секвенирования мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови можно использовать в качестве поискового для обнаружения предиктивных маркеров эффективности терапии и создания персонифицированной системы лечения пациенток с трижды негативным раком молочной железы