Waste management based on circular economy principles

Waste management has strategic implications in contemporary world. The demand in combination of economic development with environmental safety is urging to focus on capacities of non-linear economy. Waste management should redirect its efforts to reduction, recycling and treatment techniques, which view the wastes as resources. The goal of this paper is to study theoretical and practical issues of waste management based on circular economy principles from perspective of cross-disciplinary eco-economic collaboration. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Ð Ð¤Ð¤Ð : 20 -010-00558“ The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20 -010-0055

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ga Penetration along Grain Boundaries in Al: a Dislocation Climb Mechanism

Many systems where a liquid metal is in contact with a polycrystalline solid exhibit deep liquid grooves where the grain boundary meets the solid-liquid interface. For example, liquid Ga quickly penetrates deep into grain boundaries in Al, leading to intergranular fracture under very small stresses. We report on a series of molecular dynamics simulations of liquid Ga in contact with an Al bicrystal. We identify the mechanism for liquid metal embrittlement, develop a new model for it, and show that is in excellent agreement with both simulation and experimental data

Methodological Approach to Measure the Quality of Life of the Region’s Population

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the regional development, i.e. to the development of methodological tools to evaluate the quality of life of the population in the region. The article considers the concept of “quality of life”, and the terms related thereto; and substantiate the author’s position with respect to the concept. The existing domestic and foreign approaches to evaluate the quality of life of the population were analyzed, and the application of the comprehensive approach was reasoned within this study. The criteria for evaluation of the quality of life of the population were distinguished. The authors proposed the methodological approach that considers not only objective indicators of the quality of life presented in the statistical reports of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, but also employs subjective evaluations of the local population enabling more appropriate evaluation of the quality of life in the region. The methodological tools of the research include mathematical methods of statistical data processing and online survey of the population about the level of satisfaction with various aspects of their life. The methodological tools were tested using the example of the Sverdlovsk Region that is characterized both by the steady improvement of statistical indicators of the quality of life and by low satisfaction of population with certain aspects of the quality of life, which generally decreases the integrated indicator of the quality of life despite positive dynamics of social and economic development of the region and vigorous social policy of the regional authorities. The proposed methodology was used in the evaluation of the quality of life of the Sverdlovsk Region population as part of the development of the Concept of comprehensive regional program “New quality of life of Ural residents” (Decree of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region No. 45-UG dated January 29, 2014 “On the Concept of the life quality improvement for the Sverdlovsk Region population before 2030 year — “New quality of life of Ural residents”).The article has been prepared with the support of the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) No. 15-06-09169 “Development of methodical measurement tools and evaluation of the impact of social, economic, medical and demographic factors on mortality rates of working-age population”

Impact of the regional development specifics on the system of circular economy assessment

A circular economy (CE) is a sustainable development initiative aimed at reducing the linearity of social production and consumption systems. The degradation of environmental systems is quite an acute issue nowadays. The negative impact on the environment has a harmful effect even on economic indicators, as it reduces the quality of natural and human resources. At the same time, the country's ability to compete in global markets directly depends on the development of high-tech industries, which does not consider the task of maintaining environmental stability to be of paramount importance. At first glance, the task of reconciling the economic and environmental needs of society seems to be contradictory, but it requires coordinated actions in all spheres of life and constructive repositioning towards norms of sustainable development of social, economic and environmental institutions. This determines that studying the aspects of the socio-economic system transition to a circular type of development is essential. The CE offers special opportunities for industrial regions: being the basis for competitiveness they are leading in the environmental system degradation. This study focuses on the analysis of the region's ecological and industrial space and attempts to identify indicators that help integrate regional historical and economic specifics into the CE assessment. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-010-00558

Rhetorical Lacunes: Causes, Implications, Warning

The article analyzes the current state of rhetoric as an academic discipline and the prospects for its study. Rhetorical skills and skills of the student are one of the significant results of educational achieve­ments. However, in Russia, their formation is hampered by the absence of the majority of native speakers of ideas about the logical, stylistic and ethical laws of public speech. Purpose of article - based on the analysis of works devoted to modern rhetoric, to characterize the state of rhetorical education in modern society and the place of rhetorical (communication) disciplines in the system of school and university education. The causes of the decline of rhetoric, the ways of its development as a factor in the education of a rhetorical person are considered, the problem of speech influence and its study in a higher educational institution is touched upon.В статье рассматривается современное состояние риторики как учебной дисциплины и перспективы ее изучения

Municipal solid waste management in some countries of the world

The aim of the study is both an analysis of existing basic solutions and innovations in the field of municipal solid waste management and new developments by domestic authors. The main research method was environmental monitoring in the impact zone of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. In the process of monitoring, the properties of the soils of the landfill bases were studied by testing them and further laboratory studies of lithological and mineral compositions, moisture and density, filtration and other characteristics. As a result, the following were established: the dependence of soil water permeability on particle size distribution, lithological, organ mineral compositions and the degree of their heterogeneity; maximum minimum-required thickness of screening soils at the base of MSW landfills in the Middle Urals. The established dependences of the engineering and geological characteristics of soils make it possible to use them as natural impervious screens, which can be successfully applied in other regions under similar conditions. Among the constructive solutions in the field of municipal solid waste management, the developments of domestic scientists, which were tested in the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Sverdlovsk regions, are considered. Some of them relate to environmental protection in the area affected by landfills, while others are aimed at optimizing the operation of such landfills. The optimization technology consists in combining the operation and reconstruction cycles of municipal solid waste landfills within their land allotment. It allows involving previously unused materials into circulation and obtaining insulating material from "old-year"waste. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences

Complexity of Expression Control of HSP70 Genes in Extremophilic Midges

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Heat shock proteins, including HSP70, are universal well-known agents of protecting cells and entire organism from negative effects of elevated temperature, as well as wide range of other abiotic stresses. Having highly conservative amino acid sequences, in different species they vary in copy number, expression patterns and other molecular and genetic traits. Taking all these notions into consideration, we can perceive the family of HSP70 as a good model for study evolutionary history and differences in stress response of closely relative species. In our study, we focused on comparing the number and specific behaviour of HSP70 genes in response to stress in four non-biting midges from Chironomidae family, including those which can survive extremely hard conditions and one which cannot. Our research proved the high conservatism of the HSP70 group, whereas the behaviour of almost each tetrad of orthologous genes was different among species, and not each one of included genes showed significant response to heat shock and desiccation

Semaphorins Are Likely to Be Involved in the Control of Hibernation

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Hibernation is unique mammals’ phenotype demonstrated surviving in seasonal adverse environment conditions. During hibernation, all of systems of organs undergo alterations in their metabolic activity and physiology similar to different physiological conditions associated with human diseases and injuries, which represent a proper model for studying new approaches in clinical treatment. In this study, we have analyzed expression of semaphorins in small hibernator edible dormouse (Glis glis). Semaphorins are factors which involved in a key process of axon guidance and cell–cell communication and can act as tumor suppressor. We found that gene coding Semaphorin-3D (SEMA3D), previously reported to be specific for brain and heart of mammals, represents one of the most upregulated transcripts in the muscles of the hibernating dormice. Furthermore, another member of the same family, Semaphorin-5B (SEMA5B), was strongly induced in the spinal cord of hibernating animals. These observations make semaphorin group, recently attracting more attention due to anti-tumor activity, one of the target for in-depth analysis in relation to the molecular mechanisms of hibernation