Intraference in the Nominal Expressions of Educated Nigerian Users of English

Intraference is used in this paper as a more economical for Selinker s overgeneralization of linguistic materials and semantic features Richards and Sampson s intralingual interference and Labov s internal principle of linguistic change Library research questionnaires and the record of live linguistic events by educated Nigerians were used to gather data from 2004 to 2013 with a view to establishing morphemic intraference variations between ENEm and SBE It was found that educated Nigerians overstretch plurality rule redeploy affixes clip and blend to fabricate lexical items that may not be found in SBE and standard dictionaries These morphological features which are not necessarily vulgar errors of ignorance but the outcomes of creativity and level of competence engendered by some psycho-sociolinguistic dynamics distinguish ENE from SBE and American Englis

Ipsilateral ectopic pregnancy occurring in the stump of a previous ectopic site: a case report

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Assessment of Parents’ Satisfaction with Paediatric Surgery Services at a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria: A Quality Control Check

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important link in the chain of patient-physician interaction, patient care experience and patient health outcome. Patient satisfaction is relevant in the evaluation of quality of services received in health institutions based in low and middle income countries, and can provide important feedback for service improvement in such resource-poor settings. Aim: This study aimed to examine the patient’s level of satisfaction with pediatric surgery services in a Teaching Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Setting: Paediatric Surgery Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Prospective questionnaire based survey. Consenting literate parents of paediatric post-op patients were serially recruited from the pediatric surgery unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The consent of the Institution’s Research Ethics’ Committee was sought and obtained. Using a general sociodemographic questionnaire and the patient satisfaction with services scale, patient experiences were obtained. Results were expressed as simple percentages and presented in tables. Results: One hundred and thirty-four post-op cases participated in this study. These participants were parents of children with varied surgical conditions such as: hernia (24.6%, 33/134), hydrocoele (8.2%, 11/134), among other conditions. Majority of the cases were follow-up cases (75.4%, 101/134), compared to 24.6% being new cases. Most respondents (parents/guardians) rated the ‘assistance from the records officer’ as good/ very good/excellent (82.1%, 110/134), while 14.9% (20/134) rated it as fair/poor. Respondents were quite satisfied with the ‘amount of information given about the health problem’ with 82.9% (111/134) rating it as good/very good/excellent and 8.2% (11/134) as fair/poor. The ‘suitability of the treatment plan to needs was considered good/very good/excellent by 61.9% and fair/poor by 9.0%. However, the ‘overall quality of care’ was rated as fair/poor in 12.0%, and good/very good/excellent by 88.0% of respondents. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study serves as a useful feedback tool which provides important information on certain aspects of patient satisfaction, it identifies aspects which respondents find less satisfying and as such need improvement

Ekuitas Merek dan Kualitas Pelayanan Pengaruhnya terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Kentucky Fried Chicken Mtc Manado

Keputusan konsumen mencerminkan penilaian seseorang tentang kinerja produk dalam kaitannya dengan ekspektasi. Kebutuhan dan keinginan yang terpenuhi serta kualitas jasanya sangat menentukan keputusan konsumen. Jika konsumen merasa puas akan suatu produk dan pelayanan yang diberikan maka konsumen memberikan keputusan untuk membeli kembali produk itu. Jika sebaliknya, produk dan layanan itu tidak sesuai harapan, maka konsumen cenderung tidak tertarik lagi. Perusahaan berusaha untuk membangun citra dan memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas dan memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekuitas merek dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) MTC Manado. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode asosiatif. Populasi penelitian diambil dari rata-rata transaksi konsumen per hari yaitu 465. Sampel yang digunakan 83 responden, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukan ekuitas merek dan kualitas pelayanan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Sedangkan secara parsial kedua variabel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pihak manajemen KFC MTC Manado perlu memfokuskan pada peningkatan tingkat pembelian dengan mengetahui keputusan pembelian konsumen serta faktor-faktor dari keputusan pembelian konsumen tersebut agar konsumen tidak berpindah pada penyedia layanan lain

The Mass Power Spectrum in Quintessence Cosmological Models

We present simple analytic approximations for the linear and fully evolved nonlinear mass power spectrum for spatially flat cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological models with quintessence (Q). Quintessence is a time evolving, spatially inhomogeneous energy component with negative pressure and an equation of state w_Q < 0. It clusters gravitationally on large length scales but remains smooth like the cosmological constant on small length scales. We show that the clustering scale is determined by the Compton wavelength of the Q-field and derive a shape parameter, \Gamma_Q, to characterize the linear mass power spectrum. The growth of linear perturbations as functions of redshift, w_Q, and matter density \Omega_m is also quantified. Calibrating to N-body simulations, we construct a simple extension of the formula by Ma (1998) that closely approximates the nonlinear power spectrum for a range of plausible QCDM models.Comment: 5 pages with 3 inserted postscript figures, AAS LaTeX v4.0 emulateapj.sty. Astrophysical Journal Letters, in pres

Evidence for nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic-rays in the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi

Spectroscopic observations of the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi at both infrared (IR) and X-ray wavelengths have shown that the blast wave has decelerated at a higher rate than predicted by the standard test-particle adiabatic shock-wave model. Here we show that the observed evolution of the nova remnant can be explained by the diffusive shock acceleration of particles at the blast wave and the subsequent escape of the highest energy ions from the shock region. Nonlinear particle acceleration can also account for the difference of shock velocities deduced from the IR and X-ray data. The maximum energy that accelerated electrons and protons can have achieved in few days after outburst is found to be as high as a few TeV. Using the semi-analytic model of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration developed by Berezhko & Ellison, we show that the postshock temperature of the shocked gas measured with RXTE/PCA and Swift/XRT imply a relatively moderate acceleration efficiency.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

SELECTED WELFARE PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS ON DIFFERENT FEED QUANTITY AND TIME

This study was conducted to determine welfare of broiler chickens fed ad libitum and restricted feed during early (08.00hour) and late (16:00hour) of the day. One hundred and eighty (21d old) broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement comprising of ad libitum and restricted feeding (75% of ad libitum) quantity at 8 and 16 hours feeding time in three replicates. Data were collected on leg problem, dust bathing, body temperature, mortality and haematology. Result revealed that neither feed quantity nor time had significant (P&gt;0.05) effect on leg problem, dust bathing and mortality of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens under ad lib feed quantity and 16:00hours feeding time had (P&lt;0.05) highest body temperature (40.93oC) while those under ad libitum morning (08:00hours) recorded the least (40.75°C). Pack Cell Volume had similar (P&gt;0.05) increase from 26.75% at the beginning (21d) to 31.25 (%) at 56d with broiler chickens under restricted feeding and fed at 16:00hours feeding time. Basophil count reduced from a range of 0.5-2% (P&lt;0.05) to 1% (P&gt;0.05) with restricted feeding. Also eosinophil reduced from 2-4% (P&lt;0.05) range to 0-2.5% (P&gt;0.05) with restricted feeding while birds under ad lib increased from 0-1% (P&lt;0.05) at 21d to 2.75% (P&gt;0.05) at 56d. Better welfare (good body temperature) of broiler chicken could be achieved with early feeding time irrespective of quantity. However, restricted feeding could be explored in broiler production where reduced basophil, eosinophil and stress are vital for enhanced welfare and performance. &nbsp; &nbsp

The Impact of Halo Properties, Energy Feedback and Projection Effects on the Mass-SZ Flux Relation

We present a detailed analysis of the intrinsic scatter in the integrated SZ effect - cluster mass (Y-M) relation, using semi-analytic and simulated cluster samples. Specifically, we investigate the impact on the Y-M relation of energy feedback, variations in the host halo concentration and substructure populations, and projection effects due to unresolved clusters along the line of sight (the SZ background). Furthermore, we investigate at what radius (or overdensity) one should measure the integrated SZE and define cluster mass so as to achieve the tightest possible scaling. We find that the measure of Y with the least scatter is always obtained within a smaller radius than that at which the mass is defined; e.g. for M_{200} (M_{500}) the scatter is least for Y_{500} (Y_{1100}). The inclusion of energy feedback in the gas model significantly increases the intrinsic scatter in the Y-M relation due to larger variations in the gas mass fraction compared to models without feedback. We also find that variations in halo concentration for clusters of a given mass may partly explain why the integrated SZE provides a better mass proxy than the central decrement. Substructure is found to account for approximately 20% of the observed scatter in the Y-M relation. Above M_{200} = 2x10^{14} h^{-1} msun, the SZ background does not significantly effect cluster mass measurements; below this mass, variations in the background signal reduce the optimal angular radius within which one should measure Y to achieve the tightest scaling with M_{200}.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, to be submitted to Ap

Dust Formation and He II 4686 emission in the Dense Shell of the Peculiar Type Ib Supernova 2006jc

We present evidence for the formation of dust grains in an unusual Type Ib SN based on late-time spectra of SN 2006jc. The progenitor suffered an LBV-like outburst just 2 yr earlier, and we propose that the dust formation is a consequence of the SN blast wave overtaking that LBV-like shell. The key evidence for dust formation is (a) the appearance of a red/near-IR continuum source fit by 1600 K graphite grains, and (b) fading of the redshifted sides of He I emission lines, yielding progressively more asymmetric blueshifted lines as dust obscures receding material. This provides the strongest case yet for dust formation in any SN Ib/c. Both developments occurred between 51 and 75 d after peak, while other SNe observed to form dust did so after a few hundred days. Geometric considerations indicate that dust formed in the dense swept-up shell between the forward and reverse shocks, and not in the freely expanding SN ejecta. Rapid cooling leading to dust formation may have been aided by extremely high shell densities, as indicated by He I line ratios. The brief epoch of dust formation is accompanied by He II 4686 emission and enhanced X-ray emission. These clues suggest that the unusual dust formation in this object was not due to properties of the SN itself, but instead -- like most peculiarities of SN 2006jc -- was a consequence of the dense environment created by an LBV-like eruption 2 yr before the SN.Comment: ApJ, accepted. added some discussion and 2 figures, better title, conclusions same as previous version. 12 pages, 4 color fig