A Congeries of Absorption Cross Sections for Wavelengths Less Than 3000 degrees Angstrom

The absorption of ultraviolet solar radiation is of prime importance for the study of planetary atmospheres.The absorption coefficients of most of the atmospheric gases have been measured by a number of investigators, but the results are scattered throughout the literature. This report contains a detailed collection of absorption cross sections of the gases listed in Table 1 for wavelengths less than 3000 degrees angstroms. The data on each gas are given together with a historical sketch of the study of the gas and a list of the pertinent references. Also included is a study of the absorption and photoionization coefficients of the major atmospheric gases at intense solar emission lines

Labor Law - National Labor Relations Board - Effect of the NLRB\u27s Refusal to Take Jurisdiction

Appellant corporation was charged by the United Steelworkers of America with unfair labor practices in violation of sections 8(a)(1), (3) and (5) of the National Labor Relations Act. Although appellant\u27s business affected commerce within the meaning of the act, the acting regional director of the NLRB declined to issue a complaint because the company\u27s volume of business did not meet the Board\u27s revised minimum jurisdictional standards. The union then filed substantially the same charges with the Utah Labor Relations Board. The Utah Board\u27s determination that it had jurisdiction was affirmed by the Utah Supreme Court. On certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States, held, reversed, two justices dissenting. The proviso to section 10(a) of the NLRA offers the exclusive means whereby states may assume jurisdiction over matters which Congress has entrusted to the NLRB. Guss v. Utah Labor Board, 353 U.S. I (1957)

Properties of nonaqueous electrolytes Sixth summary report, 20 Sep. 1967 - 19 Mar. 1968

Physical properties and structural studies on propylene carbonate, dimethyl formamide, and acetonitrile solvent electrolyte

Optimising Ferrite-less Pad Reflection Winding with a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Inductive power transfer is the leading technology for roadway electric vehicle wireless power transfer. A robust magnetic design is desired for magnetic couplers (pads) that are to be buried in a road surface. Ferrite-less designs including a reflection winding have been shown to be a possible way to increase the robustness of pads and reduce leakage magnetic field. This paper presents a methodology to optimise the reflection winding of a ferrite-less pad with a genetic algorithm and presents the results of an example optimisation with an axisymmetric approximation of the wireless power transfer standard SAE J2954 WPT3/Z3 secondary pad, with the results verified in the finite element analysis package FEMM, and in the laboratory. The results verify the reflection coil concept and indicate that improvements in leakage per power can be gained by allowing the reflection winding to be non-planar

A simple scheme for allocating capital in a foreign exchange proprietary trading firm

We present a model of capital allocation in a foreign exchange proprietary trading firm. The owner allocates capital to individual traders, who operate within strict risk limits. Traders specialize in individual currencies, but are given discretion over their choice of trading rule. The owner provides the simple formula that determines position sizes – a formula that does not require estimation of the firm-level covariance matrix. We provide supporting empirical evidence of excess risk-adjusted returns to the firm-level portfolio, and we discuss a modification of the model in which the owner dictates the choice of trading rule

Heterogeneous ice nucleation properties of natural desert dust particles coated with a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol

Ice nucleation abilities of surface collected mineral dust particles from the Sahara (SD) and Asia (AD) are investigated for the temperature (T) range 253–233&thinsp;K and for supersaturated relative humidity (RH) conditions in the immersion freezing regime. The dust particles were also coated with a proxy of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene to better understand the influence of atmospheric coatings on the immersion freezing ability of mineral dust particles. The measurements are conducted on polydisperse particles in the size range 0.01–3&thinsp;µm with three different ice nucleation chambers. Two of the chambers follow the continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) principle (Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber, PINC) and the Colorado State University CFDC (CSU-CFDC), whereas the third was the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud expansion chamber. From observed activated fractions (AFs) and ice nucleation active site (INAS) densities, it is concluded within experimental uncertainties that there is no significant difference between the ice nucleation ability of the particular SD and AD samples examined. A small bias towards higher INAS densities for uncoated versus SOA-coated dusts is found but this is well within the 1σ (66&thinsp;% prediction bands) region of the average fit to the data, which captures 75&thinsp;% of the INAS densities observed in this study. Furthermore, no systematic differences are observed between SOA-coated and uncoated dusts in both SD and AD cases, regardless of coating thickness (3–60&thinsp;nm). The results suggest that any differences observed are within the uncertainty of the measurements or differences in cloud chamber parameters such as size fraction of particles sampled, and residence time, as well as assumptions in using INAS densities to compare polydisperse aerosol measurements which may show variable composition with particle size. Coatings with similar properties to that of the SOA in this work and with coating thickness up to 60&thinsp;nm are not expected to impede or enhance the immersion mode ice nucleation ability of mineral dust particles.</p

Testing whether a Learning Procedure is Calibrated

A learning procedure takes as input a dataset and performs inference for the parameters $\theta$ of a model that is assumed to have given rise to the dataset. Here we consider learning procedures whose output is a probability distribution, representing uncertainty about $\theta$ after seeing the dataset. Bayesian inference is a prime example of such a procedure but one can also construct other learning procedures that return distributional output. This paper studies conditions for a learning procedure to be considered calibrated, in the sense that the true data-generating parameters are plausible as samples from its distributional output. A learning procedure that is calibrated need not be statistically efficient and vice versa. A hypothesis-testing framework is developed in order to assess, using simulation, whether a learning procedure is calibrated. Finally, we exploit our framework to test the calibration of some learning procedures that are motivated as being approximations to Bayesian inference but are nevertheless widely used

Radon--Nikodym representations of Cuntz--Krieger algebras and Lyapunov spectra for KMS states

We study relations between $(H,\beta)$--KMS states on Cuntz--Krieger algebras and the dual of the Perron--Frobenius operator $\mathcal{L}_{-\beta H}^{*}$. Generalising the well--studied purely hyperbolic situation, we obtain under mild conditions that for an expansive dynamical system there is a one--one correspondence between $(H,\beta)$--KMS states and eigenmeasures of $\mathcal{L}_{-\beta H}^{*}$ for the eigenvalue 1. We then consider representations of Cuntz--Krieger algebras which are induced by Markov fibred systems, and show that if the associated incidence matrix is irreducible then these are $\ast$--isomorphic to the given Cuntz--Krieger algebra. Finally, we apply these general results to study multifractal decompositions of limit sets of essentially free Kleinian groups $G$ which may have parabolic elements. We show that for the Cuntz--Krieger algebra arising from $G$ there exists an analytic family of KMS states induced by the Lyapunov spectrum of the analogue of the Bowen--Series map associated with $G$. Furthermore, we obtain a formula for the Hausdorff dimensions of the restrictions of these KMS states to the set of continuous functions on the limit set of $G$. If $G$ has no parabolic elements, then this formula can be interpreted as the singularity spectrum of the measure of maximal entropy associated with $G$.Comment: 30 pages, minor changes in the proofs of Theorem 3.9 and Fact

Why Major Programs Need Innovation Support Labs: An Example from the Space Shuttle Launch Program at KSC

For over 30 years the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has processed the Space Shuttle; handling all hands-on aspects from receiving the Orbiter, External Tanks, Solid Rocket Booster Segments, and Payloads, through certification, check-out, and assembly, and ending with fueling, count-down, and launch. A team of thousands have worked this highly complicated, yet supremely organized, process and have, as a consequence, generated an exceptional amount of technology to solve a host of problems. This paper describes the contributions of one team that formed with the express purpose to help solve some of these diverse Shuttle ground processing problems