Husserl y la experiencia del tiempo

Contenido: El problema del tiempo en la fenomenología de Husserl. El tiempo como estructura universal de la conciencia. El tiempo como condición de posibilidad de la experiencia. Orientación general de los análisis husserlianos sobre el tiempo.Departamento de Filosofí

Electric Vehicle Scheduling and Optimal Charging Problem: Complexity, Exact and Heuristic Approaches

This paper deals with the Electric Vehicle Scheduling and Optimal Charging Problem.More precisely, given a eet of Electric Vehicles - EVs and Combustion Engine Vehicles - CVs, aset of tours to be processed by vehicles and a charging infrastructure, the problem aims to optimizethe assignment of vehicles to tours and minimize the charging cost of EVs, while considering severaloperational constraints mainly related to chargers, electricity grid, and EVs driving range. We provethat the Electric Vehicle Scheduling and Charging Problem (EVSCP) is NP-hard in the ordinary sense.We provide a mixed-integer linear programming formulation to model the EVSCP and use CPLEX tosolve small and medium instances. To solve large instances, we propose two heuristics: a SequentialHeuristic - SH and a Global Heuristic - GH. The SH considers the EVs sequentially. To each EV, itassigns a set of tours and guarantees the feasibility of a charging schedule using the Maximum WeightClique Problem. Then, it generates an optimal charging schedule for this EV using a Minimum CostFlow formulation. However, the GH computes, in the rst step, a feasible assignment of tours to allEVs. In the second step, it applies a global Min-Cost-Flow-based charging algorithm to minimize thecharging cost of the EVs eet. To evaluate the eciency of our solving approaches, computationalresults on a large set of real and randomly generated test instances are reported and compared. Testedinstances include large random instances with up to 200 EVs and 320 tours

Evaluation of point defect concentrations in B2-FeAl intermetallic compound

Thermal defects are studied for three compositions (49, 50 and 52 at.%Fe) of the intermetallic compound FeAl with B2 structure. Magnetic measurements are used to determine the thermal defect concentrations. These concentrations are determined from fitting the experimental curves of magnetic susceptibility, obtained during an isochronal annealing after a quench. Next we have evaluated theoretically the concentrations of different point defects that exist in this compound. The used model is based in the Bragg-Williams approximation assuming the nearest-neighbour interaction. The calculated concentrations describe well the experimental values.Thermal defects are studied for three compositions (49, 50 and 52 at.%Fe) of the intermetallic compound FeAl with B2 structure. Magnetic measurements are used to determine the thermal defect concentrations. These concentrations are determined from fitting the experimental curves of magnetic susceptibility, obtained during an isochronal annealing after a quench. Next we have evaluated theoretically the concentrations of different point defects that exist in this compound. The used model is based in the Bragg-Williams approximation assuming the nearest-neighbour interaction. The calculated concentrations describe well the experimental values

Properties and hydration behavior of blended clinker and portland-sediment cement pastes

In recent years, an increase of the interest in the use of secondary raw materials (sediment, sludge…) in construction has been observed.  This paper aims to contribute to the use of dredging sediments in the cement industry. Despite the literature on this subject, the available data on the aspects and phenomena related to the hydration process of such mixtures are incomplete. This paper aims to specify the calorimetric curves of hydration of mixtures made, from the sediment trapped at the site of Lyvet in the Brittany region of France. The mixtures are made ??using in one hand clinker and in the other hand Portland cement. Pastes with 8%, 16% and 33% of clinker or Portland cement substituted by sediment are used to determine the hydraulic properties of mixtures. The physico-chemical characterization of materials is made by different techniques to determine the chemical composition and physical properties. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the mineralogical compositions of samples before and after treatment. A  Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter is used to explore hydration behavior of the blended Sediment-Portland cement pastes. The addition of untreated sediment to both clinker or Portland cement increase the dormant period duration. On the contrary, this period becomes shorter when the sediment is thermally treated. The results show that 8% of treated sediment improve hydration of blended Sediment-Portland cement pastes. Mechanical properties of blended sediment-cements are also investigated. After 28 days of curing in water, the mortar containing 8% of treated sediment exhibits a compressive strength equal to 93.7% of the one of the reference mortar, maintaining it in the same cement class (52.5)

Molecular mediators of the association between child obesity and mental health

Biological mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and depression remain unclear. We investigated the role of metabolites and DNA methylation as mediators of the relationship between childhood obesity and subsequent poor mental health in the English Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Obesity was defined according to United Kingdom Growth charts at age 7 years and mental health through the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) completed at age 11 years. Metabolites and DNA methylation were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Illumina array in blood at the age of 7 years. The associations between obesity and SMFQ score, as continuous count data or using cut-offs to define depressive symptoms (SMFQ >7) or depression (SMFQ >11), were tested using adjusted Poisson and logistic regression. Candidate metabolite mediators were identified through metabolome-wide association scans for obesity and SMFQ score, correcting for false-discovery rate. Candidate DNA methylation mediators were identified through testing the association of putative BMI-associated CpG sites with SMFQ scores, correcting for look-up false-discovery rate. Mediation by candidate molecular markers was tested. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were additionally applied to test causal associations of metabolites with depression in independent adult samples. 4,018 and 768 children were included for metabolomics and epigenetics analyses, respectively. Obesity at 7 years was associated with a 14% increase in SMFQ score (95% CI: 1.04, 1.25) and greater odds of depression (OR: 1.46 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.38) at 11 years. Natural indirect effects (mediating pathways) between obesity and depression for tyrosine, leucine and conjugated linoleic acid were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.13, proportion mediated (PM): 15%), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.10, PM: 9.6%) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.12, PM: 13.9%) respectively. In MR analysis, one unit increase in tyrosine was associated with 0.13 higher log odds of depression (p = 0.1). Methylation at cg17128312, located in the FBXW9 gene, had a natural indirect effect of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01,1.13, PM: 27%) as a mediator of obesity and SMFQ score. Potential biologically plausible mechanisms involving these identified molecular features include neurotransmitter regulation, inflammation, and gut microbiome modulation. These results require replication in further observational and mechanistic studies

Route planning for a fleet of electric vehicles with waiting times at charging stations

Singapore National Research Foundation Singapore under iCorp Lab @ University; Fujitsu Limite

Aplicación de un método de interpolación en regiones costeras

La reconstrucción de los datos de campos heterogéneos no estacionarios obtenidos en campañas es un proceso que forma parte de los estudios costeros, por lo que es necesario implementartécnicas de interpolación que minimicen el error. En numerosas oportunidades, estas variables obtenidas en regiones costeras presentan falta de información espacial o temporal. Por otra parte, los valores obtenidos siempre están involucrados dentro de otros procesos, que involucran otras variables y parámetros. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados para resolversistemas de ecuaciones y pueden generar una propagación de errores significativos que se van acumulando con la resolución de los sistemas intervinientes. Apartir de lo manifestado, el Análisis Objetivo es un procedimiento de interpolación basado en el mapeo de Gauss-Markov que puede dar respuesta a las necesidades presentes. Algunos autores lo han aplicado, entre otros, en campos meteorológicos y oceanógraficos, además de ser una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para el análisis de datos de campo y en el diseño de arreglos observacionales. En este trabajo se propone analizar una implementación de la técnica de interpolación basada en el Análisis o Mapeo Objetivo aplicada a dos grupos de datos costeros de diferente índole espacial y temporalmente distribuidos. Los primeros fueron obtenidos en una planicie de marea y corresponden a mediciones de topografía utilizando un instrumento diseñado específicamente para realizar mediciones en zonas poco accesibles. El grupo de datos distribuidos en forma temporal se obtuvo mediante el empleo de un correntómetro acústico en un canal de marea a lo largo de un ciclo completo de marea. Los resultados se comparan con la solución obtenida con el método inverso de la distancia a través de la estimación de una curva de error. Esta curva se construye en base a la generación progresiva de huecos al azar hasta cubrir un 60% de los datos analizados. Posteriormente se reconstruyen los campos con los métodos propuestos graficando el error obtenido en función de la cantidad de huecos generados. Los resultados indican que las curvas de error para los dos grupos de datos obtenidas con el método basado en el Análisis Objetivo siempre son menores que con la inversa a la distancia. De las estimaciones obtenidas podemos inferir que el método basado en Análisis Objetivo representa mejor el comportamiento de los datos originales.Data reconstruction ofnon stationary heterogenic fields obtained at the study area is a process intrinsic in coastal studies, for that is necessary to implement interpolation techniques that minimize the involved error. In general, a measured variable in coastal regions presents gaps in spatial or temporal information. These variables are involved under other processes that evalúate other variables and parameters. The results could be used to solve system of equations that could propagate significative errors which can be accumulated at the intervenient systems. The Objective Analysis is an interpolation procedure based in the Gauss-Markov mapping that can provide answers to these needs. Some authors had applied this method in meteorological and oceanographic fields, besides that is a good data-analysistool and a basis for the design of observational arrays. In this work we propose to analyze an implementation ofthis interpolation technique based in the Objective analysis (or mapping), applied to two datasets of a different character from coastal regions. The first dataset is a topographic measurement from a tidal marsh using an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. The other dataset, temporally distributed, are current measurements on a tidal channel during a complete tidal cycle. The results are compared with the solution obtained with the Inverse Distance method trough the estimation of an error curve. This curve is constructed based in the progressive generation ofrandomly distributed gaps until cover a 60% ofthe analyzed data. Afterthat, the fields were reconstructed with the two methods plotting the error curve obtained as a function of gap number. The results suggest that the error curves for the two datasets using the Objective Analysis is always less than the Inverse Distance method. From the estimations we can infer that the Objective Analysis method represents in a better way the behavior of the original data.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración de la Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas (UNLP).Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

A Perfusion Bioreactor for Longitudinal Monitoring of Bioengineered Liver Constructs

In the field of in vitro liver disease models, decellularised organ scaffolds maintain the original biomechanical and biological properties of the extracellular matrix and are established supports for in vitro cell culture. However, tissue engineering approaches based on whole organ decellularized scaffolds are hampered by the scarcity of appropriate bioreactors that provide controlled 3D culture conditions. Novel specific bioreactors are needed to support long-term culture of bioengineered constructs allowing non-invasive longitudinal monitoring. Here, we designed and validated a specific bioreactor for long-term 3D culture of whole liver constructs. Whole liver scaffolds were generated by perfusion decellularisation of rat livers. Scaffolds were seeded with Luc+HepG2 and primary human hepatocytes and cultured in static or dynamic conditions using the custom-made bioreactor. The bioreactor included a syringe pump, for continuous unidirectional flow, and a circuit built to allow non-invasive monitoring of culture parameters and media sampling. The bioreactor allowed non-invasive analysis of cell viability, distribution, and function of Luc+HepG2-bioengineered livers cultured for up to 11 days. Constructs cultured in dynamic conditions in the bioreactor showed significantly higher cell viability, measured with bioluminescence, distribution, and functionality (determined by albumin production and expression of CYP enzymes) in comparison to static culture conditions. Finally, our bioreactor supports primary human hepatocyte viability and function for up to 30 days, when seeded in the whole liver scaffolds. Overall, our novel bioreactor is capable of supporting cell survival and metabolism and is suitable for liver tissue engineering for the development of 3D liver disease models

Initial stage of cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese of Brazil of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-K-Q)

Modelo do estudo: Transversal. Objetivo do estudo: Adaptar o HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIVK-Q) do inglês para o português do Brasil. Metodologia: A Adaptação Transcultural seguiu os passos metodológicos definidos por Reichenheim e constou das seguintes etapas: equivalência conceitual e de itens, equivalência semântica e equivalência operacional. A validade aparente e a validade de conteúdo foram avaliadas por seis juízes. A validade de conteúdo foi calculada pelo Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo de cada item (CVCc) e para o questionário como um todo (CVCt). Foi realizada uma aplicação dialogada por meio de grupos focais com 15 universitários e 15 usuários de centros comunitários. Resultados: Dos 45 itens do instrumento original, quatro apresentaram baixa validade de conteúdo (CVCc<0,80), sendo que dois itens (25 e 31) foram retirados. O CVCt foi 0,82 para clareza da linguagem, 0,93 para pertinência prática e 0,90 para relevância teórica. Para os critérios de amplitude e equilíbrio foram iguais a 0,90. Os itens que apresentaram problemas de compreensão foram devidamente retificados de acordo com as sugestões dos juízes e dos grupos focais. Conclusão: A versão proposta apresenta itens satisfatórios e apropriados para utilizações em avaliações psicométricas futuras, as quais permitirão demonstrar dados sobre a aplicabilidade do questionário para avaliar o conhecimento sobre o HIV/AidsStudy design: cross-sectional. Objective: to adapt the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ) from English to Portuguese of Brazil. Methodology: the Cross-Cultural Adaptation followed the methodological steps defined by Reichenheim and consisted of the following steps: conceptual and items equivalence, semantic equivalence and operational equivalence. The apparent validity and content validity was assessed by six judges. The content validity was calculated by Content Validity coefficient for each item (CVCc) and for all questionnaire (CVCt). The dialogued application was carried out by focus groups with 15 college students and 15 users of community centers. Results: Of the 45 items of the original instrument, four present lower content validity (CVCc <0.80), being that two items (25 and 31) were removed. The CVCt was 0.82 to clarity of language, 0.93 to practice relevance and 0.90 theoretical relevance. For amplitude and balance criteria were equal to 0.90. Items that showed understanding problems were corrected according to suggestions of judges and focal groups. Conclusion: The proposed version presents satisfactory items and suitable for use in psychometric assessments in the future, which will demonstrate data about the applicability of the questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge about HIV/AID

Creating an appropriate tenure foundation for REDD+: The record to date and prospects for the future

Attention to tenure is a fundamental step in preparation for REDD+ implementation. Unclear and conflicting tenure has been the main challenge faced by the proponents of subnational REDD+ initiatives, and accordingly, they have expended much effort to remedy the problem. This article assesses how well REDD+ has performed in laying an appropriate tenure foundation. Field research was carried out in two phases (2010-2012 and 2013-2014) in five countries (Brazil, Peru, Cameroon, Tanzania, Indonesia) at 21 subnational initiatives, 141 villages (half targeted for REDD+ interventions), and 3,754 households. Three questions are posed: 1) What was the effect of REDD+ on perceived tenure insecurity of village residents?; 2) What are the main reasons for change in the level of tenure insecurity and security from Phase 1 to Phase 2 perceived by village residents in control and intervention villages?; and 3) How do intervention village residents evaluate the impact of tenure-related interventions on community well-being? Among the notable findings are that: 1) tenure insecurity decreases slightly across the whole sample of villages, but we only find that REDD+ significantly reduces tenure insecurity in Cameroon, while actually increasing insecurity of smallholder agricultural land tenure in Brazil at the household level; 2) among the main reported reasons for increasing tenure insecurity (where it occurs) are problems with outside companies, lack of title, and competition from neighboring villagers; and 3) views on the effect of REDD+ tenure-related interventions on community well-being lean towards the positive, including for interventions that restrain access to forest. Thus, while there is little evidence that REDD+ interventions have worsened smallholder tenure insecurity (as feared by critics), there is also little evidence that the proponents' efforts to address tenure insecurity have produced results. Work on tenure remains an urgent priority for safeguarding local livelihoods as well as for reducing deforestation. This will require increased attention to participatory engagement, improved reward systems, tenure policy reform, integration of national and local efforts, and "business-as-usual" interestsThis research is part of CIFOR’s Global Comparative Study on REDD+ (www.cifor.org/gcs). The funding partners that have supported this research include the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) [grant numbers QZA-10/0468, QZA-12/0882, QZA-16/0110], the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) [grant numbers 46167, 63560], the European Commission (EC) [grant number DCI-ENV/2011/269-520], the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) [grant number KI II 7 - 42206-6/75], the United Kingdom Department for International Development (UKAID) [grant number TF069018], and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA) [grant number TF No. 069018], with financial support from the donors contributing to the CGIAR Fund. David Solis provided a valuable service in reviewing our methods for taking into account attrition of households over time