Energy Demand Assessment Between Exercising and Non-Exercising Young Female Collegiate During a Single Exercise Bout

Balancing energy requirement with energy availability during determination for any exercise is of importance to performance. This study was set up to evaluate the influence of regular exercise on energy demand for a given exercise bout among exercising and non-exercising young female College students from University of Lagos using the different energy determining equations available. Sixty volunteer young female students were grouped into two: exercising (Ex-Sub) and non-exercising (NonEx-Sub) subjects. Their heights, weights, ages were recorded, while their blood glucose and blood pressure levels, as well as heart rates were measured before and after the exercise. Two minutes warm-up on the cycle ergometer at 40 km/hr was allowed while gradually increasing the speed to 70km/hr lasting for five minutes. Using the Heart Rate and the estimated VO2max (VO2) the energy demand was determined. The basal systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate were significantly lower in Ex-Sub compared with NonEx-Sub. Although, both ExSub and NonEx-Sub recorded a significantly lower SBP after exercise, Ex-Sub result before and after the exercise were significantly lower compared with that of NonEx-Sub. Both ExSub and NonEx-Sub recorded a significant reduction in heart rate after the exercise. The basal and after exercise heart rate in Ex-Sub was significantly lower, while both the estimated VO2max and energy demands were significantly higher in ExSub compared to NonEx-Sub. Regular exercise confers an advantage by modifying cardiovascular parameters with an added advantage on efficient and reduced energy utilization in the exercising subjects

Energy Demand Assessment Between Exercising and Non-Exercising Young Female Collegiate During a Single Exercise Bout

Balancing energy requirement with energy availability during determination for any exercise is of importance to performance. This study was set up to evaluate the influence of regular exercise on energy demand for a given exercise bout among exercising and non-exercising young female College students from University of Lagos using the different energy determining equations available. Sixty volunteer young female students were grouped into two: exercising (Ex-Sub) and non-exercising (NonEx-Sub) subjects. Their heights, weights, ages were recorded, while their blood glucose and blood pressure levels, as well as heart rates were measured before and after the exercise. Two minutes warm-up on the cycle ergometer at 40 km/hr was allowed while gradually increasing the speed to 70km/hr lasting for five minutes. Using the Heart Rate and the estimated VO2max (VO2) the energy demand was determined. The basal systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate were significantly lower in Ex-Sub compared with NonEx-Sub. Although, both ExSub and NonEx-Sub recorded a significantly lower SBP after exercise, Ex-Sub result before and after the exercise were significantly lower compared with that of NonEx-Sub. Both ExSub and NonEx-Sub recorded a significant reduction in heart rate after the exercise. The basal and after exercise heart rate in Ex-Sub was significantly lower, while both the estimated VO2max and energy demands were significantly higher in ExSub compared to NonEx-Sub. Regular exercise confers an advantage by modifying cardiovascular parameters with an added advantage on efficient and reduced energy utilization in the exercising subjects

Assessing Professionalism in Teaching: The Secondary Education Perspective in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study examined whether or not teaching is a full profession. It also determined the relationship between professionalism in teaching and teaching effectiveness at the secondary education level in Cross River State, Nigeria. A sample of 850 educators (844 teachers, 3 staff of Teachers’ Registration Council of Nigeria and 3 heads of inspectors of schools) was selected through stratified random sampling, judgemental and wholistic techniques respectively. A 20-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Survey design was adopted. Test statistics adopted for data analysis were frequency, weighted mean and standard deviation. A mean score of 2.00 and above formed the significant/acceptance level. It was found that teaching is a profession but not in its fullest sense, and that there is a strong and positive relationship between professionalism in teaching and teaching effectiveness in the study area. It was recommended that licensing should be an essential pre-requisite for entry into teaching; a uniform and lengthy training period should be maintained in all teacher training institutions and be followed by inductive training. There should be strict enforcement of Education Act 31 of 1993; and more awareness be created among teachers that professionalism in teaching is essential in their career and depends partly on them

Weight changes induced by ingestion of Alomo bitters (A combination of herbal constituents): Experimental study on wistar rats

This study investigates Weight changes induced by ingestion of Alomo bitters (A combination of herbal constituents): Experimental study on  Wistar rats. The sixteen Wistar rats (151.67 ± 2.89 grams) involved in thestudy were divided into four groups; a control (Group A) and three test groups (B, C and D). For 3 weeks, group A (control) received normal feed (growers mash) with distilled water only, while groups B-D (test) received normal feed with water mixed with graded quantities of Alomo Bitters: B (7.5ml/kg), C (15ml/kg) and D (22.5ml/kg). Comparatively, the results showed that body weight gain was highest in the test groups (B-D) in a dosage duration fashion and lowest in the control group (22.40 ± 11.21g). Also, a non-significant variation in organ-weight was observed for the testis. The observed changes on body weight and weights of the liver, kidney and testis were dosage and duration dependent. Thus, alomo bitters may be important in weight and appetite management considering its effect on body weight. However, further investigations are required in this regard.Keywords: Mondia whitei, Herbs, Weight, Obesity, Appetite, Public Health issues

Quantum flux effects on the energy spectra and thermo-magnetic properties in 2D Schrodinger equation with Mobius square potential

A 2D Schrodinger equation with interacting Mobius square potential model is solved using Nikiforov-Uvarov Functional Analysis (NUFA) formalism. The energy spectra and the corresponding wave function for the linearly and exponentially varying quantum magnetic flux are obtained analytically in a closed form. The evaluated energy spectra are used to obtain an expression for the partition functions for the two cases comprises of the linearly and exponentially varying quantum magnetic flux and vis-a-vis is use to evaluate other thermodynamic and magnetic properties for the system. The results are used to study the free energy, mean energy, the entropy, specific heat, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and the persistent current of the system. The numerical bound state energies are computed.Comment: 39 Pages, 64 figure

Anthelmintic efficacy of extracts of Spigelia anthelmia Linn on experimental Nippostrongylus braziliensis in rats

Spigelia anthelmia Linn is used as a herb and is a common annual weed of cultivation in open re-growths, on unused land in towns as well as on road sides. The plant can grow to approximately 30 cm in height. The aim of this study was to screen extracts of Spigelia anthelmia for their anthelmintic activity against an experimental Nippostrongylus braziliensis infection in rats. Acute oral toxicity occurred at a dose of 1,140mg/kg, while anthelmintic trials against Nippostrongylus braziliensis in rats using the aqueous fraction showed a progressive decrease in worm count with increasing dose (10, 13, 16, 20 and 25 mg per kg body weight) (p < 0.05). At 25 mg per kg body weight, the worm count was significantly lower than that at 10mg per kg body weight (p < 0.05)

Alteration in biochemical parameters of albino Rats treated with aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (zobo) supplemented with commercial flavor additive

ABSTRACT Hepatic, renal, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant parameters were evaluated in rats treated with aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdarifa calyces (Zobo) supplemented with a commercial flavor additive. Thirty two (32) albino rats randomized into eight groups of four (4) rats each were treated with aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and distilled water supplemented with Joccy ® flavor additive for seven (7) days. Groups B, C and D were treated with aqueous extracts containing 16.67, 33.34 and 50.01mg/kg body weight additive respectively while groups E, F, and G when treated with similar graded concentration of flavor dissolve in distilled water. Groups A and H treated with distilled water and aqueous extract only serve as negative and positive controls respectively. Results showed that serum ALT activity was elevated but not significantly (P&gt;0.05) in the rats treated with zobo and Joccy (50.01mg/kg b.w) compared with the positive and negative controls. AST activity dose dependently decreased in rats treated with zobo and Joccy (16.67, 33.34 and 50.01mg/kg b.w) compared with rats administered water only while plasma urea was significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced in rats administered with zobo and Joccy (16.67, 33.34 and 50.01mg/kg b.w) compared with rats treated with zobo only. Plasma creatinine and glutathione decreased though not significantly (P&gt;0.05) in the treatment group compared with the controls. Mean plasma vitamin C and β-carotene were elevated though not significantly in rats treated with zobo and Joccy (50.01mg/kg b.w) compared with the controls. Mean plasma Glutathione peroxidase, SOD and catalase activities were decreased though not significantly (P&gt;0.05) in zobo and Joccy groups (16.67, 33.34 and 50.01mg/kg b.w) when compared with the controls. The findings of this study suggest that supplementation of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (zobo) with commercial additive Joccy ® potentiates its antioxidant and nephro-protective properties

Systematic review of climate change impact research in Nigeria: implication for sustainable development

There is evidence that Nigeria is already experiencing environmental challenges attributed to climate change (CC) and its impacts. This has clearly highlighted the need for knowledge-based strategies to help plan adequate mitigation and adaptation measures for the country. One of the basic requirements to ensure such strategies is the development of a database of national CC research. This will aid in the assessment of past and present scientific publications from which directions for future study can be mapped. The present study used standard, systematic, and bibliographic literature reviews to analyse the trend, focus, spatial variability, and effectiveness of published research on CC impacts in Nigeria. Four thematic areas of CC impact research were defined: Agriculture, Environment, Human and Multi-disciplinary study. A total of 701 articles were found to be relevant and the review shows that CC impacts and adaptations in the literature vary across research categories and locations. The period between 2011 (68 studies) and 2015 (80 studies) showed a tremendous rise in CC impact research with a peak in 2014 (84 studies). Studies in the agriculture category had the highest publications in 23 States of Nigeria. The review revealed three research gaps: (1) lack of research that investigated the magnitude of present and potential future impacts in the aquatic environment (2) little attention on CC impacts and adaptation in the Northern regions of Nigeria (3) absence of study investigating the effects of multiple variables of CC at the same time. The findings suggest that it would be useful to advance CC research in Nigeria beyond perceptive approaches to more quantitative ones. This is particularly important for highly vulnerable animals, crops, locations, and for better planning of adaptation strategies

Novel dual-function CellDetect® staining technology: wedding morphology and tinctorial discrimination to detect cervical neoplasia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A persistent goal of oncologic histochemistry is to microscopically identify neoplasia tinctorially. Consequently, the newly developed CellDetect^®staining technology, that appears to exhibit this property, warrants clinical evaluation. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic results using CellDetect^®to the outcomes of standard microscopic examination based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for the recognition of different squamous epithelial phenotypes of the uterine cervix.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pairs of adjacent sections were made from 60 cervical biopsy cases that were diagnosed originally as either normal or neoplastic (CIN, SCC). One section of the pair was stained for H&E; the second section, with CellDetect^®. Based on the examination of these pairs by two experienced pathologists, we investigated the following issues:(1) diagnostic agreement between the pathologists on each pair; (2) agreement between H&E and CellDetect^®for each pair (3) tinctorial characteristics in micro-regions (n = 130) evaluated as either normal, reactive or neoplastic.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Qualitatively, CellDetect^®-stained preparations displayed cyto-morphological detail comparable to H&E images. Tinctorially, <it>non-neoplastic </it>cells appeared green/blue when stained withCellDetect^®, contrasting with cytologically <it>neoplastic </it>foci, where cells of every grade were red/magenta in color. Due to these tinctorial characteristics, even small foci of neoplasia could be readily distinguished that were inconspicuous on H&E at low magnification. In some instances, this prompted re-examination of the H&E and revision of the diagnosis. Quantitatively, we found that despite diagnostic variation between pathologists, in about 3% of the cases, each pathologist made the same diagnosis regardless of whether CellDetect^®or H&E was used, i.e. there was 100% self-agreement for each pathologist between stains. Particularly noteworthy was the finding of a 0% false negative rate, coupled with a 10-15% false positive rate. Regarding specificity, the performance in <it>reactive </it>squamous processes was similar to that observed for morphologically normal squamous epithelium.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this first order assessment of clinical applicability, CellDetect^®staining technology was at least comparable to results using H&E, and perhaps surperior. CellDetect^®provided a uniquely useful tinctorial clue for the detection of neoplasia, which exhibited an impressive 0% false negative rate. A more extensive, blinded study is needed to confirm these promising findings.</p

Discerning potable water sources using Monte Carlo based simulation for health risk assessment in Omu-Aran, Nigeria

Human health is vulnerable upon exposure to persistent heavy metals (HMs) in environmental media such as groundwater even at trace levels. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the health risk posed by exposure to HMs using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Water samples were collected from 8 Hand dug wells (HWs) and 8 Boreholes (BHs) within Omu-Aran, Nigeria. The order of magnitude of the average contents for heavy metals are Zn > Fe > Al > Cu > Cr > Mn > Pb in HWs and Zn > Fe > Cu > Al > Cr > Pb > Mn for BHs. Pollution indices reveal that BHs were of better quality while HWs were more polluted. PCA shows contamination of HWs come from anthropogenic sources. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique was used to evaluate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk in children and adults. The computed Hazard Index (HI) values for children and adults show the likelihood of exceeding the HI value of 1 is greater in children (90%) than in adults (16%) upon exposure to Cr in HWs. Computed lifetime carcinogenic risk (LTCR) values via oral pathways for Pb exposure are well below the 10− 4 , hence, no carcinogenic risk is expected upon exposure to Pb. Conversely, for HWs, LTCR values for Cr exposure in children ranged from 0 to 2.14*10− 4, indicating that the current Cr levels pose a risk, especially for children. Hence, prolonged duration to HMs exposure via ingestion increases the possibility of having cancer. Sensitivity analysis reveal Exposure frequency and HMs concentration are the most significant input factors on the risk estimate. Overall, BHs represent a safe water source for both adults and children, while HWs could pose health risk in children due to elevated HMs level