Preparation, Characterization & Solubility of Arsenic Hydroxylapatite

1014-101

Smallholder Farmers’ Innovation and Its Determinants The Case of Hirity Mekan Seed Producers’ Cooperative, Tigray, Ethiopia

Purpose: Based on the Memorandum of understanding signed between the researcher and ISSD –MU, the main purpose of this study was to find out the extent to which farmers in the specified study area demonstrate entrepreneurial orientation (degree of innovativeness) and examine the determinants of farmers’ innovativeness. Methodology: The units of analysis of this study are members Hryti Mekan seed producers’ cooperative in Enda-Mekoni Woreda, southern zone of Tigay. In this study, farmers’ innovativeness was treated as continuous dependent variables. Five point Likert scale was used to capture the innovativeness. Twelve variables, categorized under four major groups: demographic and personal variables, socio cultural variables, wealth related variables and infrastructure; were considered as variables to explain the dependent variable. Primary data was collected from 49 (83 percent of the sample frame) members of the Mekan Seed Producers using structured questionnaire, and interview as well as discussions with key informants. In order to analyze the quantitative data, the researcher applied such descriptive statistics as percentages, ratios, mean standard deviations, tables as well as statistical difference tests. It also used correlation and regression analysis for the purpose of substantiating the descriptive data analysis and examined the factors that influence the innovativeness of the members.Results: The results of econometric analysis show that positive attitude towards agriculture, engagement in production of improved seed, extension services provided by DAs, experts from ISSD, research institutions, and Woreda level agricultural offices have significant positive effect to enhance the innovativeness of farmers. On the other hand while mass-media exposure, total years of experience in traditional farming, inadequacy and cost of inputs are negatively associated with innovativeness of farmers. On the other hand, participation in capacity building events (e.g. trainings, visits to demonstration sites, experience sharing visits, workshops), participation in non-farm activities, level of formal education, financial position and access to credit have no any significant effect on innovation. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, farmers’ Improved Seed Producers’ Cooperatives, Innovativeness

Compounds of Thallium(III) Chloride with Some Lewis Acids

53-5

Hydrolysis of Organic Phosphates: Part IX - Hydrolysis of 1-Nitro-2-naphthyl- & 4-Nitro-l-naphthyl-phosphate Monoesters

344-34

Temporal and spatial programming in soft composite hydrogel objects

Soft composite hydrogel objects formed from the biopolymer sodium alginate, the enzyme urease, and oil droplets are formed by a simple gelation procedure to produce autonomous bodies with both time and spatial programming. These continuous objects of non-uniform dimensional composition selectively respond to an environmental stimulus of urea and change colour or disintegrate at pre-defined locations within the hydrogel structure after pre-set time intervals. The spatial and temporal responses of these hydrogels to an environmental stimulus are valuable tools in areas such as soft robotics

Chelates of Thiocarbohydrazide Derivatives: Part I - Complexes of Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II) & Pb(II) with 1,5-Bis(salicylidene)thiocarbohydrazone

805-80

Effects of Acute Normovolemic Anemia on Hemodynamic Parameters and Acid-Base Balance in Dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and acid-base status of dogs subjected to acute normovolemic anemia. The dogs (n = 10) were evaluated 15 minutes and 24 hours after induction of anemia (hematocrit below 18%) with blood withdrawal and simultaneously replacement of same volume of Ringer's lactate solution and hydroxyethyl starch-based solution in a 2 : 1 ratio. The cardiac output was measured by Doppler echocardiography and blood pressure by oscillometric device, and posteriorly hemodynamic parameters were calculated. The anemic groups had increase in cardiac index (P < .05) (3.82 ± 1.05 to 5.86 ± 1.49 and 5.81 ± 1.63 L/min × m2) and decreases (P < .05) in the indices of total peripheral resistance (6797.81 ± 3060.22 to 3220.14 ± 1275.02 and 3887.74 ± 1394.89 dina·seg/cm5 × m2) and oxygen delivery (7942.84 ± 3344.00 to 4021.68 ± 1627.00 and 4430.82 ± 1402.61 mL/min × m2), respectively. There were no significant changes in pH, but PaO2 and SaO2 values were increased, and PaCO2 reduced in anemic dogs (P < .05). Therefore, acute normovolemic anemia can create significant hemodynamic changes and despite some hemogasometric changes, there were no changes in the acid-base status in dogs

Collective Bargaining: A Tool for settling Industrial Disputes

The terms and conditions of employment of workers are regulated between their bargaining agents and the employers. Thus, the obligation to bargain collectively is mutual. So the union and the employer are under the duty to bargain, in view, that the parties are required to meet at reasonable times and confer in good faith, with an intention to negotiate on the subject matter called for. In relation to this, the collective bargaining agreement ought to be written and signed by parties on request, where in either party is required to agree to a proposal or make a concession. With an aim to reduce unwanted strikes and lockdowns caused by the workers, the paper revolves around the role of Trade Unions inthe settlement of disputes between the employer and workers through a collective bargaining process, resulting in the peaceful settlement of industrial disputes

High-throughput screening, next generation sequencing and machine learning: advanced methods in enzyme engineering

Enzyme engineering is an important biotechnological process capable of generating tailored biocatalysts for applications in industrial chemical conversion and biopharma. Typical enhancements sought in enzyme engineering and in vitro evolution campaigns include improved folding stability, catalytic activity, and/or substrate specificity. Despite significant progress in recent years in the areas of high-throughput screening and DNA sequencing, our ability to explore the vast space of functional enzyme sequences remains severely limited. Here, we review the currently available suite of modern methods for enzyme engineering, with a focus on novel readout systems based on enzyme cascades, and new approaches to reaction compartmentalization including single-cell hydrogel encapsulation techniques to achieve a genotype–phenotype link. We further summarize systematic scanning mutagenesis approaches and their merger with deep mutational scanning and massively parallel next-generation DNA sequencing technologies to generate mutability landscapes. Finally, we discuss the implementation of machine learning models for computational prediction of enzyme phenotypic fitness from sequence. This broad overview of current state-of-the-art approaches for enzyme engineering and evolution will aid newcomers and experienced researchers alike in identifying the important challenges that should be addressed to move the field forward