Author's reply

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75537/1/j.1460-9592.2007.02308.x.pd

Vaccination and anesthesia: more questions than answers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73399/1/j.1460-9592.2007.02318.x.pd

Toxicological effects of polyherbal formulations for malaria, yellow fever and haemorrhoids in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria, on male Wistar rats: A comparative biochemical and histological study

This study evaluated the toxicological effects of polyherbal formulations used for the treatment of malaria (Agbo iba, AI), yellow fever (Agbo kojupon, AK) and haemorrhoids (Agbo jedi, AJ) on the function indices and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney of male Wistar rats. Forty rats were randomised into two groups (A and B) of twenty animals each such that the 20 rats in group A were further reassigned into A1, A2, A3 and A4 and administered distilled water (0.5 ml), and AI, AK and AJ at 21 mg/kg body weight respectively for 4 days. Animals in group B were correspondingly assigned and treated like those of group A except that the administration lasted for 10 days. The results revealed that AI, AK and AJ contained alkaloids, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids whilst anthraquinones were not detected. The AI and AK contained tannins whereas AK and AJ contained cardiac glycosides. The AI, AK and AJ reduced the liver- and kidney-body weight ratios, activities of both the liver alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase, levels of serum total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin, and increased the activities of liver alanine aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, Na+ and Cl- on days 4 and 10. The AK and AJ significantly (p<0.05) reduced the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase and increased K+. The AK, AI and AJ increased serum creatinine content on day 4 whereas only AK increased it by day 10. Serum uric acid was not altered by all the treatment on days 4 and 10. The administration of AK and AJ induced moderately swollen hepatocytes, congested and dilated blood vessels in the liver as well as imposed glomeruli and renal tubules in the kidney whereas the lobules, glomeruli and tubules were within normal liver and kidney histology after the administration of AI. Overall, the AK and AJ exhibited both functional and structural toxicities whilst the AI displayed only functional toxicity at 21 mg/kg body weight and during the 10 days of administration. The Agbo jedi exhibited the highest degree of toxicity whilst the Agbo iba was the least toxic with respect to the dose and duration of the study

Association of elevated preoperative blood pressure with preincision hypotension in pediatric surgical patients

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122417/1/pan12945_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122417/2/pan12945.pd

Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Mortalitas Pedet Sapi Bali Dari Induk Yang Diberi Pakan Tambahan Dan Obat Cacing

Kelahiran dan pertumbuhan pedet di bawah umur 3 bulan sangat rendah di lapangan karena pakan induk bunting dan menyusui kurang tercukupi dan adanya infestasi cacing pada induk sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan pedet, perkembangan dimensi tubuh dan mortalitas pedet terhadap pemberian pakan tambahan dan obat cacing pada induk sapi Bali. Penelitihan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan yaitu kelompok sapi bunting yang diberi pakan tambahan dan obat cacing (P2), kelompok sapi Bali bunting yang diberi pakan tambahan tanpa obat cacing (P1), kelompok sapi Bali bunting yang tidak diberi pakan tambahan dan obat cacing (P0). Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot lahir, berat badan, ukuran dimensi tubuh yang meliputi panjang badan, lingkar dada, tinggi pundak dan mortalitas pedet. Hasil penelitihan menunjukkan bahwa rataan tertinggi semua parameter yang diukur diperoleh pada perlakuan (P2), masing–masing bobot badan (57,90 kg), lingkar dada (86,25 cm), tinggi gumba (73,35 cm) dan panjang badan (66,70 cm). Angka kematian anak ternak 0% karena tidak ada anak ternak yang mati selama penelitian. Namun demikian, hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter yang dievaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan tambahan dan obat cacing pada induk sapi Bali tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot lahir, bobot badan, panjang badan, lingkar dada, tinggi pundak dan mortalitas. Penggunaan pakan tambahan dan obat cacing (P2) memberikan performans pedet sapi Bali yang lebih baik

Small Scale Enterprisesand the Economic Siamese of Nigeria: Growth-Barrier Chain Analysis

This study investigated the SME growth-barrier chain in Nigeria. A target population of 39,600 was sampled using Taro Yamane method to achieve the surveyed 396 respondents. A well structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data. Percentage, descriptive, Likert analysis and regression analysis were used to explain the nature of the SME growth-barrier chain in Nigeria. Results of the study reveal that barrier factors have been influencing SMEs growth in Nigeria, and that the most significant among the barrier factors are entrepreneurial skill, irregular power supply and lack of business strategy. This study is limited by sample size and selection of SMEs at their clustered areas, and therefore may not be generalized to other sectors and countries. The study concludes that these factors cause epileptic growth or sudden death of SMEs in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government should engage in intervention programmes, and also ensure regular power supply in Nigeria. In addition, SME owner-managers should adopt and implement business strategies in their business environment. Keywords: SMEs growth. Barrier factors, employment, Business Strategy, Entrepreneurial Skil

Performans Ayam Kampung Super Pada Pakan Yang Disubttusi Dedak Padi Fermentasi Dengan Fermentor Berbeda

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dedak padi fermentasi dengan fermentor berbeda terhadap performans ayam kampung super. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kandang Kelompok Permata Kota Kendari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan pakan yaitu R0 = ransum kontrol tanpa dedak padi fermentasi (DP), R1 = 10% dedak padi fermentasi cairan rumen (DPFCR), R2 = 10% dedak padi fermentasi ragi tempe (DPFRTe), R3 = 10% dedak padi fermentasi ragi tape (DPFRTa), dengan 4 kali ulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam kampung super. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, bobot potong, bobot karkas dan persentase karkas. Data dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) sesuai dengan RAL dan bila terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan akan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Uji Tukey (Steel and Toriee, 1991). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dedak padi fermentasi dengan fermentor berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, PBB, Bobot Potong, Bobot Karkas dan Persentase karkas. Penggunaan dedak padi fermentasi dengan fermentor berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konversi ransum. Dari hasil penelitian ini, maka dedak padi fermentasi dapat digunakan 10% dalam ransum untuk mensubtitusi pakan basal.Kata kunci : Ayam Kampung Super, Dedak Padi Fermentasi, Konsumsi Pakan, Konversi Pakan

Analisis Daya Dukung Wilayah untuk Pengembangan Sapi Bali di Kecamatan Baito Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

Analysis of the carrying capacity of the region is needed as an appropriate development direction. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of the area for the development of Bali cattle in Baito District, South Konawe Regency. The data used in the study are primary. Primary is obtained directly from interviews with Balinese cattle farmers in Baito District. The method used is the census method of all breeders. The data analysis used in this study was livestock density analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that economic density can still be developed, the density of agricultural businesses is possible to accommodate Balinese cattle to be developed, and the density of the area is still very likely. Baito sub-district is based on a combination of livestock density, which includes distribution and development areas in a combination of farmer-region and development areas in 2 combinations, namely economy-farming and economy-region.Analysis of the carrying capacity of the region is needed as an appropriate development direction. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of the area for the development of Bali cattle in Baito District, South Konawe Regency. The data used in the study are primary. Primary is obtained directly from interviews with Balinese cattle farmers in Baito District. The method used is the census method of all breeders. The data analysis used in this study was livestock density analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that economic density can still be developed, the density of agricultural businesses is possible to accommodate Balinese cattle to be developed, and the density of the area is still very likely. Baito sub-district is based on a combination of livestock density, which includes distribution and development areas in a combination of farmer-region and development areas in 2 combinations, namely economy-farming and economy-region

Daya Tetas Dan Lama Menetas Telur Ayam Tolaki Pada Mesin Tetas Dengan Sumber Panas Yang Berbeda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tetas dan lama menetas telur ayam tolaki pada mesin tetas dengan sumber panas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 5 bulan di kandang pembibitan Fakultas Peternakan UHO. Ayam tolaki yang digunakan terdiri atas 5 ekor jantan dan 15 ekor betina umur sekitar 20 bulan. Perkawinan ayam dilakukan dengan cara IB. Parameter yang diamati adalah: fertilitas, daya hidup embrio, daya tetas, bobot tetas dan lama menetas. Hasil penelitian menujukkan: (1) rataan fertilitas telur ayam tolaki pada mesin tetas PL adalah 58,57% dan mesin tetas PLM adalah 46,88%, namun kedua mesin tetas secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata, (2) rataan DHE pada mesin tetas PL adalah 96,67% dan mesin tetas PLM adalah 89,58%, (3) rataan daya tetas pada mesin tetas PL adalah 45,61% dan mesin tetas PLM adalah 64,81%, (4) rataan bobot tetas, pada mesin tetas PL adalah 26,47 g, sedangkan mesin tetas PLM 26,96 g, dan (5) lama menetas telur pada mesin tetas PL adalah 21.05 hari dan PLM adalah 21,09 hari. Secara statistik, penggunaan mesin tetas dengan sumber panas berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter yang diamati.Mesin tetas dengan sumber panas berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap fertilitas, DHE, daya tetas, bobot tetas dan lama menetas telur ayam tolaki. Untuk meningkatkan daya tetas direkomendasikan menggunakan mesin tetas dengan sumber panas kombinasi listrik dan lampu minyak