30,391 research outputs found
Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Protection Induce More Bilateral Trade? Evidence from China's Imports
Most of the previous studies on the effect of IPR protection on international trade have been from the perspective of major industrialized nations. However, much of the current debate on the effects of IPR protection involves large developing countries with high threat of imitation. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the impact of the strengthening of patent laws in China on its bilateral trade flows. We estimate the effects of patent rights protection on China’s imports at the aggregate and detailed product categories for both OECD (developed) and non-OECD (developing) countries. The empirical results suggest that increased patent rights protection stimulate China’s imports, particularly in the knowledge-intensive product categories. Furthermore, while the evidence in support of the market expansion effect is significant for imports from OECD countries, it is rather weak and mostly insignificant for imports from non-OECD countries.Intellectual property rights, patent laws, international trade, International Relations/Trade, F13, 034,
Generalized Area Spectral Efficiency: An Effective Performance Metric for Green Wireless Communications
Area spectral efficiency (ASE) was introduced as a metric to quantify the
spectral utilization efficiency of cellular systems. Unlike other performance
metrics, ASE takes into account the spatial property of cellular systems. In
this paper, we generalize the concept of ASE to study arbitrary wireless
transmissions. Specifically, we introduce the notion of affected area to
characterize the spatial property of arbitrary wireless transmissions. Based on
the definition of affected area, we define the performance metric, generalized
area spectral efficiency (GASE), to quantify the spatial spectral utilization
efficiency as well as the greenness of wireless transmissions. After
illustrating its evaluation for point-to-point transmission, we analyze the
GASE performance of several different transmission scenarios, including
dual-hop relay transmission, three-node cooperative relay transmission and
underlay cognitive radio transmission. We derive closed-form expressions for
the GASE metric of each transmission scenario under Rayleigh fading environment
whenever possible. Through mathematical analysis and numerical examples, we
show that the GASE metric provides a new perspective on the design and
optimization of wireless transmissions, especially on the transmitting power
selection. We also show that introducing relay nodes can greatly improve the
spatial utilization efficiency of wireless systems. We illustrate that the GASE
metric can help optimize the deployment of underlay cognitive radio systems.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted by TCo
Computer-aided modeling and prediction of performance of the modified Lundell class of alternators in space station solar dynamic power systems
The main purpose of this project is the development of computer-aided models for purposes of studying the effects of various design changes on the parameters and performance characteristics of the modified Lundell class of alternators (MLA) as components of a solar dynamic power system supplying electric energy needs in the forthcoming space station. Key to this modeling effort is the computation of magnetic field distribution in MLAs. Since the nature of the magnetic field is three-dimensional, the first step in the investigation was to apply the finite element method to discretize volume, using the tetrahedron as the basic 3-D element. Details of the stator 3-D finite element grid are given. A preliminary look at the early stage of a 3-D rotor grid is presented
Isostaticity and the solidification of semiflexible polymer melts
Using molecular dynamics simulations of a tangent-soft-sphere bead-spring
polymer model, we examine the degree to which semiflexible polymer melts
solidify at isostaticity. Flexible and stiff chains crystallize when they are
isostatic as defined by appropriate degree-of-freedom-counting arguments.
Semiflexible chains also solidify when isostatic if a generalized isostaticity
criterion that accounts for the slow freezing out of configurational freedom as
chain stiffness increases is employed. The dependence of the average
coordination number at solidification on chains' characteristic ratio
has the same functional form [] as the
dependence of the average coordination number at jamming on
in athermal systems, suggesting that jamming-related phenomena play
a significant role in thermal polymer solidification
Phase cascade bridge rectifier array in a 2-D lattice
We report on a novel rectification phenomenon in a 2-D lattice network consisting of N×N sites with diode and AC source elements with controllable phases. A phase cascade configuration is described in which the current ripple in a load resistor goes to zero in the large N limit, enhancing the rectification efficiency without requiring any external capacitor or inductor based filters. The integrated modular configuration is qualitatively different from conventional rectenna arrays in which the source, rectifier and filter systems are physically disjoint. Exact analytical results derived using idealized diodes are compared to a realistic simulation of commercially available diodes. Our results on nonlinear networks of source-rectifier arrays are potentially of interest to a fast evolving field of distributed power networks
The Friedberg-Lee model at finite temperature and density
The Friedberg-Lee model is studied at finite temperature and density. By
using the finite temperature field theory, the effective potential of the
Friedberg-Lee model and the bag constant and have been
calculated at different temperatures and densities. It is shown that there is a
critical temperature when
and a critical chemical potential for fixing
the temperature at . We also calculate the soliton solutions
of the Friedberg-Lee model at finite temperature and density. It turns out that
when (or ), there is a bag constant (or
) and the soliton solutions are stable. However, when (or
) the bag constant (or ) and there is no soliton solution anymore, therefore, the
confinement of quarks disappears quickly.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Recommended from our members
A discourse approach to Korean politeness:towards a culture-specific Confucian framework
This thesis examines the inter-relationship between face, face work, and cultural values, as they apply to strategic politeness in Korean institutional settings, specifically university contexts. This study also seeks to explore issues of methodology for culture-specific politeness research, given that previous researchers either neglected cultural values, which operate sometimes outside of linguistic presentations, or used methods that prevented them from noticing the role of cultural values, which can function as another means of face redress in the construction of culture-specific politeness. The interactional aspects of language use demonstrate that the socio-pragmatics of cultural values/norms are essential elements in the construction of strategic politeness. However, previous researchers on politeness have never really looked into how culture-specific frameworks can function as both methodological and theoretical tools in the investigation of culture-specific politeness. Most politeness researchers have been mainly concerned with linguistic systems, and have paid less attention to cultural values that directly influence polite linguistic behavior. In this study, a Confucian framework was employed to explore both the linguistic forms and cultural values that are the core elements of Korean linguistic politeness. Korean politeness shows that a Confucian frame is needed as an interactional supplement to politeness research, because the cultural frame that Korean speakers use plays a decisive role in their choice of politeness forms. A Confucian framework allows analysis of how socio-cultural values interact with culture-specific cognitive dimensions. The intent in using a Confucian framework is to analyze how Confucian values can be realized through culture-specific discursive modes
Extended dual description of Mott transition beyond two-dimensional space
Motivated by recent work of Mross and Senthil [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{84},
165126 (2011)] which provides a dual description for Mott transition from Fermi
liquid to quantum spin liquid in two space dimensions, we extend their approach
to higher dimensional cases, and we provide explicit formalism in three space
dimensions. Instead of the vortices driving conventional Fermi liquid into
quantum spin liquid states in 2D, it is the vortex lines to lead to the
instability of Fermi liquid in 3D. The extended formalism can result in rich
consequences when the vortex lines condense in different degrees of freedom.
For example, when the vortex lines condense in charge phase degrees of freedom,
the resulting effective fermionic action is found to be equivalent to that
obtained by well-studied slave-particle approaches for Hubbard and/or Anderson
lattice models, which confirm the validity of the extended dual formalism in
3D. When the vortex lines condense in spin phase degrees of freedom, a doublon
metal with a spin gap and an instability to the unconventional superconducting
pairing can be obtained. In addition, when the vortex lines condense in both
phase degrees, an exotic doubled U(1) gauge theory occurs which describes a
separation of spin-opposite fermionic excitations. It is noted that the first
two features have been discussed in a similar way in 2D, the last one has not
been reported in the previous works. The present work is expected to be useful
in understanding the Mott transition happening beyond two space dimensions.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
- …