Assessing Laws and Legal Authorities for Obesity Prevention and Control

This is the first paper in a two part series on the laws and legal authorities for obesity prevention and control, which resulted from the National Summit on Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control in 2008. In this paper, the authors apply the “laws and legal authorities” component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) legal framework on public health legal preparedness to demonstrate the essential role that law can play in the fight against obesity. Their analysis identified numerous laws and policies in the three vital domains of healthy lifestyles, healthy places, and healthy societies. For example, in terms of healthy lifestyles, governments can impact nutrition through: food subsidies, taxation, and bans; food marketing strategies; and nutritional labeling and education. With regard to healthy places, state and local governments can apply zoning laws and policy decisions to change the environment to encourage healthy eating and physical activity. Governments can promote healthy societies through laws and legal authorities that affect the ability to address obesity from a social perspective (such as antidiscrimination law, health care insurance and benefit design, school and day care for children, and surveillance). This paper describes instances of how current laws and legal authorities affect the public health goal of preventing obesity in both positive and negative ways. It also highlights the progressive use of laws at every level of government (i.e., federal, state, and local) and the interaction of these laws as they relate to obesity prevention and control. In addition, general gaps in the use of law for obesity prevention and control are identified for attention and action. (These gaps serve as the basis for the companion paper, which delineates options for policymakers, practitioners, and other key stakeholders in the improvement of laws and legal authorities for obesity prevention and control.

Cooling Torsional Nanomechanical Vibration by Spin-Orbit Interactions

We propose and study a spin-orbit interaction based mechanism to actively cool down the torsional vibration of a nanomechanical resonator made by semiconductor materials. We show that the spin-orbit interactions of electrons can induce a coherent coupling between the electron spins and the torsional modes of nanomechanical vibration. This coherent coupling leads to an active cooling for the torsional modes via the dynamical thermalization of the resonator and the spin ensemble.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Dissipative dynamics of topological defects in frustrated Heisenberg spin systems

We study the dynamics of topological defects of a frustrated spin system displaying spiral order. As a starting point we consider the SO(3) nonlinear sigma model to describe long-wavelength fluctuations around the noncollinear spiral state. Besides the usual spin-wave magnetic excitations, the model allows for topologically non-trivial static solutions of the equations of motion, associated with the change of chirality (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the spiral. We consider two types of these topological defects, single vortices and vortex-antivortex pairs, and quantize the corresponding solutions by generalizing the semiclassical approach to a non-Abelian field theory. The use of the collective coordinates allows us to represent the defect as a particle coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators, which can be integrated out employing the Feynman-Vernon path-integral formalism. The resulting effective action for the defect indicates that its motion is damped due to the scattering by the magnons. We derive a general expression for the damping coefficient of the defect, and evaluate its temperature dependence in both cases, for a single vortex and for a vortex-antivortex pair. Finally, we consider an application of the model for cuprates, where a spiral state has been argued to be realized in the spin-glass regime. By assuming that the defect motion contributes to the dissipative dynamics of the charges, we can compare our results with the measured inverse mobility in a wide range of temperature. The relatively good agreement between our calculations and the experiments confirms the possible relevance of an incommensurate spiral order for lightly doped cuprates.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, final published versio

Deuteron distribution in nuclei and the Levinger's factor

We compute the distribution of quasideuterons in doubly closed shell nuclei. The ground states of $^{16}$O and $^{40}$Ca are described in $ls$ coupling using a realistic hamiltonian including the Argonne $v_{8}^\prime$ and the Urbana IX models of two-- and three--nucleon potentials, respectively. The nuclear wave function contains central and tensor correlations, and correlated basis functions theory is used to evaluate the distribution of neutron-proton pairs, having the deuteron quantum numbers, as a function of their total momentum. By computing the number of deuteron--like pairs we are able to extract the Levinger's factor and compare to both the available experimental data and the predictions of the local density approximation, based on nuclear matter estimates. The agreement with the experiments is excellent, whereas the local density approximation is shown to sizably overestimate the Levinger's factor in the region of the medium nuclei.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, typeset using REVTe

Cross-National Coverage of Cross-Border Transit Migration: A Community Structure Approach

A community structure analysis (exploring variations in community/national demographics linked to differences in reporting on critical issues) compared cross-national coverage of cross-border transit migration through Mediterranean and Central European countries in leading newspapers, one per country, in 16 countries, analyzing all articles of 250 words or more from 10/01/14 to 11/01/15. The resulting 238 total articles were coded for “prominence” and “direction” (“government responsibility,” “society responsibility” — including foreign aid, or “balanced/neutral” coverage) and combined into composite “media vector” scores for each newspaper (range 0.1132 to -0.2785, a total range of .3917). A majority of 12 of 16 (75%) of media vectors reflected societal responsibility of transit migration, with the minority (4 of 16, or 25%) registering government responsibility. Pearson correlations revealed the strength of three significant national demographic indicators, two of the three associated with coverage emphasizing government responsibility for transit migration. Crop production index (r= .423, p= .051), a measure of agricultural/economic vulnerability, was linked to coverage emphasizing government responsibility for transit migration. In contrast, another vulnerability measure, global peace index, was associated with more media emphasis on societal responsibility for transit migration (r= -.466, r =.050). One measure of privilege, females in the workforce (r= .426, p= .05), was also linked to government responsibility for transit migration. A regression analysis revealed the strength of a nation’s crop production index (21.2% of the variance), females in the workforce (22.2%) and corruption score (9.8%) all connected to coverage emphasizing government responsibility, collectively accounting for 53.1% of the variance. Contrary to conventional assumptions that media typically act as “guard dogs” reinforcing the interests of political and economic elites, systematic research on demographically linked variations in transit migration coverage reveal that media can “mirror” the interests of a society’s most “vulnerable” inhabitants

Транспортная логистика: проблемы и перспективы развития в таможенном деле

Выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена исследованию транспортной логистике в таможенном деле. Целью данной работы является комплексный анализ факторов, механизмов и проблем трансформации таможенной логистики в глобальной торговой системе и обоснование направлений адаптации таможенной логистики России в условиях либерализации международной торговли. Задачи: •Понятие, виды, функции логистики •Задачи транспортной логистики •Сущность таможенной логистики •Проблемы становления таможенной логистики •Ключевые проблемы таможенной логистики •Перспективы развития таможенной логистики. Объектом исследования является процесс формирования и реализации таможенной логистики в глобальной торговой системе.The final qualifying work is devoted to the study of transport logistics in the customs business. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the factors, mechanisms and problems of the transformation of customs logistics in the global trading system and the rationale for adapting the customs logistics of Russia in the context of the liberalization of international trade

The imprint of the analogue Hawking effect in subcritical flows

We study the propagation of low-frequency shallow water waves on a one-dimensional flow of varying depth. When taking into account dispersive effects, the linear propagation of long-wavelength modes on uneven bottoms excites new solutions of the dispersion relation which possess a much shorter wavelength. The peculiarity is that one of these new solutions has a negative energy. When the flow becomes supercritical, this mode has been shown to be responsible for the (classical) analog of the Hawking effect. For subcritical flows, the production of this mode has been observed numerically and experimentally, but the precise physics governing the scattering remained unclear. In this work, we provide an analytic treatment of this effect in subcritical flows. We analyze the scattering of low-frequency waves using a new perturbative series, derived from a generalization of the Bremmer series. We show that the production of short-wavelength modes is governed by a complex value of the position: a complex turning point. Using this method, we investigate various flow profiles and derive the main characteristics of the induced spectrum

ANHOLT (Dinamarca) (Aarhus) (Isla). Mapas generales (1792). 1:41000

Escalas gráficas de 1/2 milla geográfica y de 15 al grado y de 1/2 milla danesa de 12000 varas [= 9,1 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano del observatorio de Copenhague (O 1°04'50''-O 0°51'30''/N 56°44'50'-N 56 40'50''). Red geográfica de 1' en 1'. Orientado con flecha en rosa de ocho vientosRelieve de perfilForma parte de la EColección Mendoza

Quantum measurement in a family of hidden-variable theories

The measurement process for hidden-configuration formulations of quantum mechanics is analysed. It is shown how a satisfactory description of quantum measurement can be given in this framework. The unified treatment of hidden-configuration theories, including Bohmian mechanics and Nelson's stochastic mechanics, helps in understanding the true reasons why the problem of quantum measurement can succesfully be solved within such theories.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX; all special macros are included in the file; a figure is there, but it is processed by LaTe

AARHUS (Dinamarca). N. Mapas generales. 1791 (1789). 1:120000

Comprende la zona septentrional del condado de Aarhus hasta la ciudad de Ega y la oriental del de Viborg hasta la ciudad del mismo nombreEscala gráfica de 2 millas danesas de 24000 varas las dos [= 12,3 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Copenhague (O 3°12'00''-O 1°34'00''/N 56°43'00''-N 56º11'00''). Recuadro geográfico de 5' en 5'Relieve representado por curvas de nivelTabla de signos convencionales para indicar núcleos de población de distinta categoría, caminos, etcTítulo y autor enmarcados en cartela decorada con escena costumbrista y paisaje ; escala en una en forma de marco y la tabla de signos en otra en forma de pergaminoPertenece a la Colección Mendoz