Distribution épidémiologique du virus de la Bronchite infectieuse aviaire autour du monde

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is ubiquitous in most parts of the world where poultry are reared. A large number of IBV variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. The purpose of this review is to give an update on IBV strains currently circulating in commercial chickens worldwide and present a clear picture of the relationship between many of these viruses. Keywords: Infectious bronchitis virus, Variant strains, Review, World.Le virus de bronchite infectieuse aviaire fait partie des virus aviaires majeurs rencontrés chez les poulets depuis les débuts de l’élevage industriel. On retrouve la maladie de bronchite infectieuse dans la plupart des pays producteurs de volailles au niveau mondial. Malgré l’utilisation de vaccins qui contribuent au contrôle des signes cliniques, l’émergence de nouveaux virus sauvages variants conforte le fait que la bronchite infectieuse est une cible mouvante difficile à maîtriser. Le présent article est une mise à jour des connaissances sur la distribution épidémiologique et moléculaire des variants de l’IBV dans les différents pays du monde. Mots clés: Virus de la bronchite infectieuse, Variants, Revue bibliographique, Monde.   &nbsp

Establishing African genomics and bioinformatics programs through annual regional workshops

The African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP) Open Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics aims to overcome barriers to capacity building through its distributed African regional workshops and prioritizes the exchange of grassroots knowledge and innovation in biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics. In 2023, we implemented 28 workshops on biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics, covering 11 African countries across the 5 African geographical regions. These regional workshops trained 408 African scientists in hands-on molecular biology, genomics and bioinformatics techniques as well as the ethical, legal and social issues associated with acquiring genetic resources. Here, we discuss the implementation of transformative strategies, such as expanding the regional workshop model of AfricaBP to involve multiple countries, institutions and partners, including the proposed creation of an African digital database with sequence information relating to both biodiversity and agriculture. This will ultimately help create a critical mass of skilled genomics and bioinformatics scientists across Africa.</p

Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations

Data availability: The source data for the figures are provided at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4728981). Raw shotgun sequencing data that support the findings of this study have been deposited at the ENA under accession codes PRJEB41311, PRJEB38742 and PRJEB37249 with public access. Raw spectra for metabolomics have been deposited in the MassIVE database under the accession codes MSV000088043 (UPLC–MS/MS) and MSV000088042 (GC–MS). The metadata on disease groups and drug intake are provided in Supplementary Tables 1–3. The demographic, clinical and phenotype metadata, and processed microbiome and metabolome data for French, German and Danish participants are available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674360).Code availability: The new drug-aware univariate biomarker testing pipeline is available as an R package (metadeconfoundR; Birkner et al., manuscript in preparation) at Github (https://github.com/TillBirkner/metadeconfoundR) and at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721078). The latest version (0.1.8) of this package was used to generate the data shown in this publication. The code used for multivariate analysis based on the VpThemAll package is available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719526). The phenotype and drug intake metadata, processed microbiome, and metabolome data and code resources are available for download at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674360). The code for reproducing the figures is provided at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4728981).During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1,2,3,4,5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.This work was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2012-305312 (METACARDIS). Part of this work was also supported by the EMBL, by the Metagenopolis grant ANR-11-DPBS-0001, by the H2020 European Research Council (ERC-AdG-669830) (to P.B.), and by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1365 to S.K.F. and L.M.; and SFB1052/3 A1 MS to M.S. (209933838)). Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris is the promoter of the clinical investigation (MetaCardis). M.-E.D. is supported by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre and by grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-46 (European Genomics Institute for Diabetes)), from the National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine – PreciDIAB, which is jointly supported by the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-IBHU-0001), by the European Union (FEDER), by the Hauts-de-France Regional Council (Agreement 20001891/NP0025517) and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL, Agreement 2019_ESR_11) and by Isite ULNE (R-002-20-TALENT-DUMAS), also jointly funded by ANR (ANR-16-IDEX-0004-ULNE), the Hauts-de-France Regional Council (20002845) and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL). R.J.A. is a member of the Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Bioscience. The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research institution at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation

Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations

During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Influence of growth conditions of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide on optical properties of the interfacial layer in SiC-based photodevice

The attention has been focused on the optical properties of structures of the form Au/MS/a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H/Si(100)/Al as a function of the deposition temperature of the a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H films. The amorphous SiC:H films were obtained for different temperatures ranging from 150°C up to 500°C. By photoluminescence, blue emission from all the structures was observed at room temperature and a high emission was obtained for sample whose amorphous film was deposited at 500°C. The spectral response of Au/MS/a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H/Si(100)/Al structures with a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H film deposited at 250°C, exhibits a maximum value at λ=950 nm while for structure with a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H film obtained at 150°C, a maximum value of λ was observed at 400 nm

Cataracte et dystrophie de Fuchs : Conduite à tenir dans l’état actuel des connaissances

La dystrophie de Fuchs (cornea guttata) est une pathologie primitive et progressive de l’endothélium cornéen. Il s’agit d’une pathologie ubiquitaire. Le diagnostic est posé en biomicroscopie devant l’aspect d’excroissances pathologiques de la membrane de Descemét (cornea guttata). Habituellement elle évolue en passant par des stades de cornea guttata, puis d’oedème cornéen, suivi de dystrophie bulleuse et enfin de néovascularisation et d’opacification cornéenne. L’objectif de l’évaluation préopératoire, avant la chirurgie de cataracte en présence de la dystrophie de Fuchs, est de guider le choix de la décision chirurgicale afin d’optimiser le résultat chirurgical, que ce soit une chirurgie de cataracte isolée ou une chirurgie combinée avec kératoplastie transfixiante ou endothéliale. Ainsi, l’ophtalmologiste doit faire la part entre la baisse d’acuité visuelle liée à la dystrophie de Fuchs et celle liée à la cataracte, et apprécier la capacité de l’endothélium à supporter le stress chirurgical. La greffe de cornée peut être proposée d’emblée, associée à la phacoémulsification. Actuellement, la greffe endothéliale est devenue l’intervention de référence, permettant d’éviter les écueils de la greffe transfixiante