542 research outputs found
Passage-time statistics of superradiant light pulses from Bose-Einstein condensates
We discuss the passage-time statistics of superradiant light pulses generated
during the scattering of laser light from an elongated atomic Bose-Einstein
condensate. Focusing on the early-stage of the phenomenon, we analyze the
corresponding probability distributions and their scaling behaviour with
respect to the threshold photon number and the coupling strength. With respect
to these parameters, we find quantities which only vary significantly during
the transition between the Kapitza Dirac and the Bragg regimes. A possible
connection of the present observations to Brownian motion is also discussed.Comment: Close to the version published in J. Phys.
Solder Paste Scooping Detection by Multilevel Visual Inspection of Printed Circuit Boards
In this paper we introduce an automated Bayesian visual inspection framework for Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
assemblies, which is able to simultaneously deal with various shaped Circuit Elements (CE) on multiple scales. We propose a novel Hierarchical Multi Marked Point Process (HMMPP) model for this purpose, and demonstrate its efficiency on the task of solder paste scooping detection and scoop area estimation, which are important factors regarding the strength of the joints. A global optimization process attempts to find the optimal configuration of circuit entities, considering the observed image data, prior knowledge, and interactions between the neighboring
CEs. The computational requirements are kept tractable by a
data driven stochastic entity generation scheme. The proposed method is evaluated on real PCB data sets containing 125 images with more than 10.000 splice entities
Sequential superradiant scattering from atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
We theoretically discuss several aspects of sequential superradiant
scattering from atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Our treatment is based on the
semiclassical description of the process in terms of the Maxwell-Schroedinger
equations for the coupled matter-wave and optical fields. First, we investigate
sequential scattering in the weak-pulse regime and work out the essential
mechanisms responsible for bringing about the characteristic fan-shaped
side-mode distribution patterns. Second, we discuss the transition between the
Kapitza-Dirac and Bragg regimes of sequential scattering in the strong-pulse
regime. Finally, we consider the situation where superradiance is initiated by
coherently populating an atomic side mode through Bragg diffraction, as in
studies of matter-wave amplification, and describe the effect on the sequential
scattering process.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Proceedings of LPHYS'06 worksho
The scaling limit of the critical one-dimensional random Schrodinger operator
We consider two models of one-dimensional discrete random Schrodinger
operators (H_n \psi)_l ={\psi}_{l-1}+{\psi}_{l +1}+v_l {\psi}_l,
{\psi}_0={\psi}_{n+1}=0 in the cases v_k=\sigma {\omega}_k/\sqrt{n} and
v_k=\sigma {\omega}_k/ \sqrt{k}. Here {\omega}_k are independent random
variables with mean 0 and variance 1.
We show that the eigenvectors are delocalized and the transfer matrix
evolution has a scaling limit given by a stochastic differential equation. In
both cases, eigenvalues near a fixed bulk energy E have a point process limit.
We give bounds on the eigenvalue repulsion, large gap probability, identify the
limiting intensity and provide a central limit theorem.
In the second model, the limiting processes are the same as the point
processes obtained as the bulk scaling limits of the beta-ensembles of random
matrix theory. In the first model, the eigenvalue repulsion is much stronger.Comment: 36 pages, 2 figure
Electron-phonon interaction in C70
The matrix elements of the deformation potential of C are calculated
by means of a simple, yet accurate solution of the electron-phonon coupling
problem in fullerenes, based on a parametrization of the ground state
electronic density of the system in terms of hybridized orbitals.
The value of the calculated dimensionless total electron-phonon coupling
constant is , an order of magnitude smaller than in
C, consistent with the lack of a superconducting phase transition in
CA fullerite, and in overall agreement with measurements of the
broadening of Raman peaks in CK. We also calculate the photoemission
cross section of C, which is found to display less structure than that
associated with C, in overall agreement with the experimental
findings.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev.
Solid 4He and the Supersolid Phase: from Theoretical Speculation to the Discovery of a New State of Matter? A Review of the Past and Present Status of Research
The possibility of a supersolid state of matter, i.e., a crystalline solid
exhibiting superfluid properties, first appeared in theoretical studies about
forty years ago. After a long period of little interest due to the lack of
experimental evidence, it has attracted strong experimental and theoretical
attention in the last few years since Kim and Chan (Penn State, USA) reported
evidence for nonclassical rotational inertia effects, a typical signature of
superfluidity, in samples of solid 4He. Since this "first observation", other
experimental groups have observed such effects in the response to the rotation
of samples of crystalline helium, and it has become clear that the response of
the solid is extremely sensitive to growth conditions, annealing processes, and
3He impurities. A peak in the specific heat in the same range of temperatures
has been reported as well as anomalies in the elastic behaviour of solid 4He
with a strong resemblance to the phenomena revealed by torsional oscillator
experiments. Very recently, the observation of unusual mass transport in hcp
solid 4He has also been reported, suggesting superflow. From the theoretical
point of view, powerful simulation methods have been used to study solid 4He,
but the interpretation of the data is still rather difficult; dealing with the
question of supersolidity means that one has to face not only the problem of
the coexistence of quantum coherence phenomena and crystalline order, exploring
the realm of spontaneous symmetry breaking and quantum field theory, but also
the problem of the role of disorder, i.e., how defects, such as vacancies,
impurities, dislocations, and grain boundaries, participate in the phase
transition mechanism.Comment: Published on J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol.77, No.11, p.11101
Effects of Aesthetic Chills on a Cardiac Signature of Emotionality
Previous studies have shown that a cardiac signature of emotionality (referred
to as EK, which can be computed from the standard 12 lead electrocardiogram,
ECG), predicts inter-individual differences in the tendency to experience and
express positive emotion. Here, we investigated whether EK values can be
transiently modulated during stimulation with participant-selected music
pieces and film scenes that elicit strongly positive emotion. The phenomenon
of aesthetic chills, as indicated by measurable piloerection on the forearm,
was used to accurately locate moments of peak emotional responses during
stimulation. From 58 healthy participants, continuous EK values, heart rate,
and respiratory frequency were recorded during stimulation with film scenes
and music pieces, and were related to the aesthetic chills. EK values, as well
as heart rate, increased significantly during moments of peak positive emotion
accompanied by piloerection. These results are the first to provide evidence
for an influence of momentary psychological state on a cardiac signature of
emotional personality (as reflected in EK values). The possibility to modulate
ECG amplitude signatures via stimulation with emotionally significant music
pieces and film scenes opens up new perspectives for the use of emotional peak
experiences in the therapy of disorders characterized by flattened
emotionality, such as depression or schizoid personality disorder
Lung carcinoma with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a teenager
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) characterised by arthralgia, clubbing and periosteal proliferation of long bones, is rarely encountered in children and adolescents. Whereas in adults over 80% of cases are associated with malignancy, in children the majority of cases are due to non-neoplastic causes such as cystic fibrosis, bilary atresia and congenital heart disease. Up to 5% of adults with lung cancer demonstrate signs of HOA. However, lung cancer is extremely uncommon in children and young people. Here we report a case of lung adenocarcinoma in an 18 year old male associated with HOA present both at diagnosis and at subsequent disease progression
Advances in ab-initio theory of Multiferroics. Materials and mechanisms: modelling and understanding
Within the broad class of multiferroics (compounds showing a coexistence of
magnetism and ferroelectricity), we focus on the subclass of "improper
electronic ferroelectrics", i.e. correlated materials where electronic degrees
of freedom (such as spin, charge or orbital) drive ferroelectricity. In
particular, in spin-induced ferroelectrics, there is not only a {\em
coexistence} of the two intriguing magnetic and dipolar orders; rather, there
is such an intimate link that one drives the other, suggesting a giant
magnetoelectric coupling. Via first-principles approaches based on density
functional theory, we review the microscopic mechanisms at the basis of
multiferroicity in several compounds, ranging from transition metal oxides to
organic multiferroics (MFs) to organic-inorganic hybrids (i.e. metal-organic
frameworks, MOFs)Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
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