Sustainable development of a coal-mining region: technological and ecological aspects

Objective: to consider sustainable development of a region with mining as predominant economic activity through the prism of the relationship between technological and environmental aspects; to determine the impact of technological development of the coal-mining region on its sustainable development.Methods: the methods of statistical observation, summarizing and grouping of statistical observation materials, the method of analogy, as well as analytical and synthetic methods of analysis were used.Results: the level of technological development and environmental safety has a significant impact on almost all spheres of life, especially in the regions where economic growth is based on mining enterprises. In these conditions, it is of particular importance to assess the relationship between the development of the region specializing in mining, and the level of its technological and environmental development. To this end, on the basis of statistical data, the article assesses the state of technical, technological and environmental components of the coal-mining region (by the example of Kemerovo region), determines their role in improving regional competitiveness and ensuring sustainable development. The specific features and problems of coal industry technologization are revealed, the prospects of its development are determined, the experience of foreign countries is considered. It is established that the technical and technological state of the raw materials sector of Kemerovo region is a threat to regional sustainable development and does not contribute to the increase of its competitive advantages. Among the factors constraining the development of the technical and technological sphere and, as a consequence, the increase in environmental safety, are: high technological inertia of mining enterprises, low-efficiency owner, significant dependence on imports of production means, detachment of the state from the processes of withdrawal and redistribution of raw materials rent.Scientific novelty: increasing the technological level of coal industry through the creation and use of safe, environmentally friendly technologies designed to minimize environmental harm is recognized as the basis for sustainable development of a coal-mining region.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions can be used in the development of regional scientific, technical and environmental policies and programs of socio-economic development of territories

To the question of regionalization of professional education in economic transformation (scientific and theoretical theses)

Одной из основополагающих социально-экономических детерминант развития рыночных отношений в России является регионализация профессионального образования. Определяя содержание и сущность этого процесса, авторы статьи анализируют его неоднозначное влияние на формирование спроса и предложения кадров специалистов в рамках делового сотрудничества Вузов с предприятиями региона. В предлагаемой статье анализируются также некоторые актуальные проблемы жизненного самоопределения юношей и девушек, их ценностные ориентации в сфере профессионального образования и трудозанятости, влияние на этот процесс семьи, вуза, среды ближайшего окружения. Выводы и предложения авторов основаны на результатах социологических исследований, проведѐнных ими в ряде уральских вузов.One of the fundamental socio- economic determinants of the development of market relations in Russia is the regionalization of vocational education. Determining the content and gist of this process, the authors analyze its the ambiguous effect on the formation of the supply and demand of specialists within the business cooperation with companies in the region of High Schools In the present article analyzes some current problems of vital self-determination of boys and girls, and their value orientations in the field of vocational education and employment of influence on this process family, university, media entourage. Conclusions and proposals of the authors based on the results of sociological studies conducted in a number of Ural universities

Features Exterior of Cattle of Breed Limousian in the Period of Their Acclimation in the Conditions of the Northern Trans-Ural

The paper presents a characteristic of the exterior features of the specialized limousin meat breed bred in the conditions of the Tyumen region. Studies were conducted on first-calf cows of different generations of animals. At the same time, the introduced animals belong to the zero generation, their descendants to the 1st generation, and the grandchildren belong to the 2nd genetic-ecological generation. In the process of research, it was that the acclimatization process left its mark on the manifestation of the main breeding and productive qualities of the studied livestock generations. One of the manifestations of which was a certain grinding of cows of the first generation. The obtained results of the exterior assessment of cows of different generations showed that the best exterior development was observed in cows of the second and zero generation. So, in cows of the first and second generations there was a decrease in measurements of the chest, estimated by the chest index by 1.1–3.1 % (P> 0.999), with an increase in the proportions characterizing the development of meat qualities of animals by 6.2–6.6 % (P> 0.999). Adaptation to new conditions confirms the development of such indices as the typical physique and severity of type, which, when changing generations, had an increase dynamic

Prevention of traumatic brain injury complications in sports

The aim of the review is to inform doctors and trainers of sports teams about technologies that prevent complications of sport brain injuries (SBI). Low levels of visibility of clinical manifestations, specific characteristics of individual reactions to injury, anti-aggravation behavior among sportsmen, absence of unbiased methods of diagnostics of SBI are the main reasons behind underestimation of the severity of trauma. Treatment and rehabilitation procedures of mild SBI do not currently consider specific characteristics of trauma, associated with the increase in body and brain temperature and reduced cerebral perfusion during the traumatizing intervention. Injury of the brain causes an increase in cerebral temperature, which, in turn, can aggravate the consequences of traumatization. The control of the temperature of the brain can be achieved with non-invasive method of microwave radiometry, while the technology of craniocerebral hypothermia (CCH), which has evident neuroprotective properties, can aid in the prevention of complications of SBI

Shared Metadata for Data-Centric Materials Science

The expansive production of data in materials science, their widespread sharing and repurposing requires educated support and stewardship. In order to ensure that this need helps rather than hinders scientific work, the implementation of the FAIR-data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) must not be too narrow. Besides, the wider materials-science community ought to agree on the strategies to tackle the challenges that are specific to its data, both from computations and experiments. In this paper, we present the result of the discussions held at the workshop on "Shared Metadata and Data Formats for Big-Data Driven Materials Science". We start from an operative definition of metadata, and what features a FAIR-compliant metadata schema should have. We will mainly focus on computational materials-science data and propose a constructive approach for the FAIRification of the (meta)data related to ground-state and excited-states calculations, potential-energy sampling, and generalized workflows. Finally, challenges with the FAIRification of experimental (meta)data and materials-science ontologies are presented together with an outlook of how to meet them

Rapid ecological change in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal (East Siberia): Is the site of the world\u27s greatest freshwater biodiversity in danger?

Ecological degradation of the benthic littoral zone is an emerging, urgent problem at Lake Baikal (East Siberia), the most species-rich lake on Earth. Within the last five years, multiple changes have occurred in the nearshore benthos where most of the lake\u27s endemic species reside. These changes include proliferation of benthic algae, deaths of snails and endemic sponges, large coastal wash-ups of dead benthic algae and macrophytes, blooms of toxin-producing benthic cyanobacteria, and inputs of industrial contaminants into parts of the lake. Some changes, such as massive coastal accumulations of benthic algae, are currently shared with the Laurentian Great Lakes (LGLs); however, the drivers of these changes differ between Lake Baikal and the LGLs. Coastal eutrophication from inputs of untreated sewage is causing problems at multiple sites in Lake Baikal, whereas in the LGLs, invasive dreissenid mussels redirect pelagic nutrients to the littoral substrate. At other locations in Lake Baikal, ecological degradation may have different causes including water level fluctuations and the input of toxic industrial contaminants. Importantly, the recent deterioration of the benthic littoral zone in both Lake Baikal and the LGLs has occurred while little change has occurred offshore. This highlights the necessity of monitoring both the littoral and pelagic zones of large lakes for assessing ecosystem health, change and conservation

Features Exterior of Cattle of Breed Limousian in the Period of Their Acclimation in the Conditions of the Northern Trans-Ural

The paper presents a characteristic of the exterior features of the specialized limousin meat breed bred in the conditions of the Tyumen region. Studies were conducted on first-calf cows of different generations of animals. At the same time, the introduced animals belong to the zero generation, their descendants to the 1st generation, and the grandchildren belong to the 2nd genetic-ecological generation. In the process of research, it was that the acclimatization process left its mark on the manifestation of the main breeding and productive qualities of the studied livestock generations. One of the manifestations of which was a certain grinding of cows of the first generation. The obtained results of the exterior assessment of cows of different generations showed that the best exterior development was observed in cows of the second and zero generation. So, in cows of the first and second generations there was a decrease in measurements of the chest, estimated by the chest index by 1.1–3.1 % (P> 0.999), with an increase in the proportions characterizing the development of meat qualities of animals by 6.2–6.6 % (P> 0.999). Adaptation to new conditions confirms the development of such indices as the typical physique and severity of type, which, when changing generations, had an increase dynamic