Safe zone for bone harvesting from the interforaminal region of the mandible

Aims: The mandibular incisive nerve can be subjected to iatrogenic injury during bone graft harvesting. Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study aims to determine a safe zone for bone graft harvesting that avoids injuring this nerve. Methods: Sixty CBCT examinations of patients were included in this study. The examinations were taken using the i-CAT CBCT imaging system, applying a standardized exposure protocol. Image reconstruction from the raw data was performed using the SimPlant dental implant software. The distances of mandibular incisive canal (MIC) to the inferior border and the labial and lingual cortices of the mandible were measured at 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm mesial to the mental foramen. Results: The MIC was visible in all (100) CBCT images. The median distance and interquartile range from the lower border of the mandible was 9.86 (2.51) mm, curving downwards toward the inferior mandibular border at the symphysis menti. It was located closer to the buccal border of the mandible (3.15 1.28 mm) than lingual cortex (4.78 2.0 mm). The MIC curves toward the lingual side at the symphysis menti. There was gender difference in a number of these measurements. Current recommendation for chin bone graft harvesting can be applied to Asian subjects. Conclusions: While acknowledging that there is human variability, this study provides an accurate anatomic location of the MIC, which in turn helps to determine a safe zone for chin bone graft harvesting. This information can become a useful guide in centers where CBCT is not available. {\^A}{\copyright} 2012 John Wiley \& Sons A/S

An out breaks of pox clinical signs among Turkey in Iraq

A natural outbreak of pox was reported in Turkey (poult) farm for the first time in Iraq. The infected poult were 1 month age and showed generalized skin nodular lesions. More severe lesions were observed on the head and upper neck. The morbidity and mortality rates were (23 out of 23) 100% and (20 out of 23) 86.95% respectively. The diagnosis of disease was done according to typical clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates. The author recommend to do another survey studies on the turkey farms and isolate the causative agent

Correlation between Biofilm Formation, Multi-Drug Resistance and AlgD Gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates

الخلفية: الزوائف الزنجارية هي عبارة عن بكتريا انتهازية مسببة للامراض التي ترتبط بالإصابة بالعدوى المستمرة التي يصعب استئصالها.الهدف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد قدرة تكوين الغشاء الحيوي في الزوائف الزنجارية وارتباطه بمقاومة المضادات الحيوية وعلاقتها بوجود جين ال  AlgD.المرضى وطريقة العمل: أجريت الدراسة الحالية في مستشفى أزادي التعليمي العام في مدينة كركوك خلال الفترة من أغسطس 2017 حتى مايو 2018 ، تم الحصول على 100 عزلة من الزائفة الزنجارية من 1260 عينة سريرية مختلفة. تم تحديد الحساسية للمضادات الحيوية بواسطة طريقة كيربي باور، تم تحليل تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بطريقة الميكروتايتر بليت ، جين AlgD تم الكشف عنه بواسطة تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل.النتائج: اقل مقاومة للمضادات الحيوية وجد ضد: ببراسلين/ تازوباكتام (5%) , سيفيبيم (24%), سيفتازيديم (26%), بينما كانت النسبة الاكبر مقاومة ضد: الاموكسيسيلين/ حامض الكلافيولانك (98%) و ترايميثوبريم/ سلفامثوكزازول (97%).وكانت (60%) من هذه العزلات مقاومة للعديد من الأدوية. وجد أن (98%) من العزلات كانت لها قابلية تكوين الغشاء الحيوي. تم الكشف عن وجود جين AlgDبواسطة تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل حيث وجد أن  (98%) من العزلات حاملة للجين, مع جود هذا الجين AlgD في العزلات المكونة للغشاء الحيوي فقط. الاستنتاجات: كان الإرتباط معنويا بين قابلية تكوين الغشاء الحيوي ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية, ووجد ان هنالك علاقة قوية بين وجود AlgD جين و تكوين الغشاء الحيويBackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that associated with persistent infections that are difficult to eradicate. Objective: This study aims to determine biofilm forming potential of P. aeruginosa and its correlation with antibiotics resistance and presence of AlgD gene. Materilals and Methods: The present study carried out in Azady teaching general hospital in Kirkuk city during the period from August 2017 to May 2018, one hundred isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been obtained from (1260) different clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation analyzed by Microtiter plate quantitative method, and AlgD gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: A lower percentage of antibiotic resistance was against piperacillin/tazobactam (5%), cefepime (24%), and ceftazidime (26%) while, higher resistance percentage was seen against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (97%), multi-drug resistance (MDR) formed (60%) of total isolates. Biofilm formation found in (98%) of total isolates. AlgD gene detected by PCR technique found in (98%) of total isolates, AlgD gene was found only in biofilm former isolates. Conclusions: Significant correlation found between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Strong correlation observed between presence of AlgD gene and biofilm formation

Histological findings of ascending urinary tract infections in experimental rats caused by Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis has previously been shown to be capable of persisting in the rat kidney for up to 8 weeks and induces many physiological changes following a single inoculation of the urinary bladder. The present study examined kidney tissue from infected animals for evi-dence of renal damage. The earliest histologic changes seen on the 2nd and 4th days, consisted of mild cellular sloughing and edema associated with mononuclear infiltration in the me-dulla and to a lesser extent in the cortex. On the 1st and following weeks, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and a mononuclear infiltrate had advanced in the renal parenchyma re-sulting in chronic pyelonephritis. The observed renal degenerations with a corresponding ascending bacterial infection in the intra-renal reflux suggest that Proteus mirabilis is capa-ble of producing chronic pyelonephritis in the rats after a single reflux challenge

A Microbiological Study On PatientsWith Fixed Orthodontic Appliance In Ramadi City.

:The present study aimed to isolate and identify the microorganisms associated with causing problems to patient in all period of wearing fixed orthodontic appliance ( FOA) in Ramadi city. Sixty-six patients treated with FOA for a period ranged from 14 – 35 years included in this study wabs were collected from gingival area around fixed orthodontic appliance to be cultured aerobically. Many important pathogens were isolated and identified in all age groups and in all duration include candida albicans, E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococci and many α.Hemolytic and β.Hemolytic Streptococci.The study recommended the use of antibiotic and antifungal drugs during wearing appliance in addition to the maintenance of a good oral hygiene.Further study is also recommended to cover the role of anaerobic bacter

NOVEL STUDY FOR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AL-AHDAB CRUDE OIL

Thisn research included determination of chemical composition of al-ahdaab crude oil (kute- Iraq) using liquid – solid chromatography. The current researched included to separation the component of crude oil by column chromatography was packing with alumina (AL2O3) as a stationary–phases and several solvent as a mobile phase. . The results of crude oil fractionations were 17.01% Asphaltene, 82.99% Maltene, which separated to (Paraffinic) (saturated) 44.11%, Aromatic 30.11% and Resin 4.20%. Crude oil fractionation were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance H1NMR and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer FT-IR to determine the chemical composition of each part, which is that represents the first study and a novel results. This study also clarified the paraffinic compounds are represented the main part of materials in crude oil composition

STUDYING SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH THYROID GLAND PROBLEMS

This study was carried out to determine some hormonal and immunological parameters in women who attended Maternity and Children teaching hospital in Ramadi city , from 1st of August 2014 to 1st of April 2015. Ages of patients ranged from 16 - 49 years . The study included 358 blood samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women . sixty five samples were found to be abnormal thyroid function . The remaining 293 samples from healthy pregnant and not pregnan-pregnant women were used as a controls . Women under study were divided into three groups: Pregnant Women with thyroid disorder( Group I ) , Pregnant Women without thyroid disorder (Group II ,control 1) , and non- Pregnant Women without thyroid disorder (Group III , control 2). The study showed that there was no significant differences in T3 ,T4and FTI levels in patient compared with control 1 ( p-value >0.05) while it showed significant difference between patient and control 2 with p-value (0.05. The mean level of TSH of patient was 18.65 μIU/ml . A comparison in Immunological parameters between the three groups with each other showed that there was significant increase in levels of Anti thyroxin peroxidase abs and Anti thyroglobulin abs in cases compared with control 2 with p-value 0.05.The mean levels of patients for Anti TPO abs was 302.10 IU/ml and for Anti TG abs was 143.21 IU/ml

Global burden of human brucellosis : a systematic review of disease frequency

BACKGROUND: This report presents a systematic review of scientific literature published between 1990-2010 relating to the frequency of human brucellosis, commissioned by WHO. The objectives were to identify high quality disease incidence data to complement existing knowledge of the global disease burden and, ultimately, to contribute towards the calculation of a Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) estimate for brucellosis.METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty three databases were searched, identifying 2,385 articles relating to human brucellosis. Based on strict screening criteria, 60 studies were selected for quality assessment, of which only 29 were of sufficient quality for data analysis. Data were only available from 15 countries in the regions of Northern Africa and Middle East, Western Europe, Central and South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central Asia. Half of the studies presented incidence data, six of which were longitudinal prospective studies, and half presented seroprevalence data which were converted to incidence rates. Brucellosis incidence varied widely between, and within, countries. Although study biases cannot be ruled out, demographic, occupational, and socioeconomic factors likely play a role. Aggregated data at national or regional levels do not capture these complexities of disease dynamics and, consequently, at-risk populations or areas may be overlooked. In many brucellosis-endemic countries, health systems are weak and passively-acquired official data underestimate the true disease burden.CONCLUSIONS: High quality research is essential for an accurate assessment of disease burden, particularly in Eastern Europe, the Asia-Pacific, Central and South America and Africa where data are lacking. Providing formal epidemiological and statistical training to researchers is essential for improving study quality. An integrated approach to disease surveillance involving both human health and veterinary services would allow a better understand of disease dynamics at the animal-human interface, as well as a more cost-effective utilisation of resources