Self-employment amongst migrant groups: New evidence for England and Wales

Self-employment constitutes a vital part of the economy since entrepreneurs can provide employment not only for themselves but also for others. The link between self-employment and immigration is, however, complex, especially given the changing nature of self-employment. We investigate the evolving relationship between self-employment and immigration using recently released microdata from the 2011 Census for England and Wales. Our findings indicate large variations, with high self-employment rates observed for some groups with a long established history of migration to the UK (especially men born in Pakistan) and also for some groups who have arrived more recently (such as from the EU’s new member states). We further explore the differences, analyse variations by gender and identify key determining factors. In addition to certain socio-economic characteristics, it is found that migration-related influences, such as English language proficiency and period of arrival in the UK, play an important role for some groups

The Pleasures and Pains of Self-Employment: A Panel Data Analysis of Satisfaction with Life, Work, and Leisure

We investigate how a transition from paid employment to self-employment in the labor market influences life satisfaction. Furthermore, we consider the dynamics of work and leisure satisfaction because the balance between work and leisure is an important element of life satisfaction. Fixed-effects regressions using German Socio-Economic Panel data (1984-2012) reveal that switching to self-employment benefits life and work satisfaction. The effects on life satisfaction are weak and temporary, but they are pronounced and relatively persistent for work satisfaction. However, the gain in work satisfaction is outweighed by a decrease in leisure satisfaction, thus placing work-life balance under severe pressure

Genetic algorithm based optimal trajectories planning for robot manipulators on assigned paths

This research work focuses on finding an optimal trajectory for a robot manipulator taking into consideration the dynamics constraints of the manipulator. A 3–DOF planar robot was modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK toolbox. The simulation of the robot manipulator was carried out using the Genetic Algorithm to find the optimal trajectory both in the workspace with and without obstacles. In both cases, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) generated optimal trajectories. The results of both environments were also compared. The increase in the simulation result in an obstacle existence environment made it possible for optimal trajectory devoid of collision with any obstacle in the working area. Thereafter, result comparison was done with a similar work and the GA method produced a more desired result in terms of execution time

Women Weavers of Ain Leuh, Morocco: Use of Internet Technology & Global Marketing

The internet has given small businesses the ability to market their products and services all around the world. The use of the internet has been particularly useful in allowing smaller companies, sometimes located in isolated regions of the world, to advertise their products globally. This project team created a website for the women of the Cooperative des Tisseuses d'Ain Leuh, which is located in Ain Leuh, Morocco. The women weavers will hopefully be able to attract Western customers, especially those interested in issues of global equity, to purchase their textiles. Internet technology allows these artisans to participate in the global economy without disruption of their traditional work environment, which is home to them

DENTAL SURVEY IN NIGERIA PART: 4. PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES

Six hundred and seventy-three school children from the age of 3 to 20 living in the urban and the rural areas of Nigeria were examined by the Joint Dental Epidemiological Survey in 1986. The survey was funded by the Grant-in Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and was conducted by both the Japanese survey team and the staff from the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The periodontal state of the children was evaluated according to the Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) by WHO (1).The prevalence of periodontal diseases was found to be 84.2% within the sample with a high occurrence of gingivitis and heavy deposits of calculus. However, there was little evidence of damage to the periodontal tissues. This can be attributed to the nature of their diet. The results suggested that there would be an increasing need for well-planned and organized public educational programs for the Nigerian children to promote better Oral hygiene coupled with parental involvement in the prevention at home