Mt. Pleasant Library: Reading among African Americans in 19th Century Rush County

In frontier Indiana, beginning in the 1820s, several settlements of free African Americans grew and flourished. Many of the settlers came from Virginia and North Carolina, where earlier settlers, many of them Quakers, had originated. One of those settlements, called the Beech Settlement, developed in Rush County, Indiana, from the late 1820’s. Like other African Americans in antebellum U.S., the settlers of the Beech were anxious to educate themselves and their children. Indeed, the lack of access to education in the South was an important motivation for migration. Despite the difficulties and hard work of creating farms on the frontier, they early on established schools and churches in their communities. Further, the residents of the Beech went beyond teaching and organized a library that was organized, maintained, and used during the years 1842-1869. This article aims to create a portrait of a community of mid-19th century rural African American readers and users of their community library

"Sparse and Multiple Traces": The Literacy Practices of African-American Pioneers in the Nineteenth Century Frontier

Article is included in an edited volume based on papers presented at a conference held at the Finnish Literature Society and the University of Helsinki, August 20-22, 2014.The Beech Settlement in central Indiana was one of several communities of African Americans that flourished in the nineteenth century. This settlement was unique in that its settlers, led by a core of highly literate individuals, organized a circulating library. The circulation records and meeting minutes of the Board of Directors survive, as well as a list of some of the books that were held in the library. This article examines the surviving documents and other primary materials to portray a community of readers, writers, orators, and educators, who, although denied legal access to education until their migration, had learned to read and write, and had developed the skills to create a thriving community of readers.Reading and Writing from Below: Toward a New Social History of Literacy in the Nordic Sphere during the Long Nineteenth Century (NORDCORP, 2011-2014

FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCY OF FEEDER CATTLE HEDGING IN KENTUCKY

Livestock Production/Industries,

Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Shp2 inhibits its phosphatase activity and modulates ligand specificity.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (an increase in cardiac mass resulting from stress-induced cardiac myocyte growth) is a major factor underlying heart failure. Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase (Shp2) is critical for cardiac function as mutations resulting in loss of Shp2 catalytic activity are associated with congenital cardiac defects and hypertrophy. We have identified a novel mechanism of Shp2 inhibition that may promote cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrate that Shp2 is a component of the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-Lbc complex. AKAP-Lbc facilitates protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Shp2, which inhibits Shp2 phosphatase activity. We have identified two key amino acids in Shp2 that are phosphorylated by PKA: Thr73 contributes a helix-cap to helix αB within the N-terminal SH2 domain of Shp2, whereas Ser189 occupies an equivalent position within the C-terminal SH2 domain. Utilizing double mutant PKA phospho-deficient (T73A/S189A) and phospho-mimetic (T73D/S189D) constructs, in vitro binding assays, and phosphatase activity assays, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of these residues disrupts Shp2 interaction with tyrosine-phosphorylated ligands and inhibits its protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Overall, our data indicate that AKAP-Lbc integrates PKA and Shp2 signaling in the heart and that AKAP-Lbc-associated Shp2 activity is reduced in hypertrophic hearts in response to chronic β-adrenergic stimulation and PKA activation. Thus, while induction of cardiac hypertrophy is a multifaceted process, inhibition of Shp2 activity through AKAP-Lbc-anchored PKA is a previously unrecognized mechanism that may promote this compensatory response

The Evolving Cataloging Department

The shrinking of traditional cataloging departments is not news to library technical services staff. Nor is it news that digital projects that require standardized metadata are being created and supported by the same libraries that employ traditional catalogers. What may be less apparent is the ease with which a traditional cataloging unit can be transformed to incorporate metadata creation in the regular workflow of these units. IUPUI University Library’s Bibliographic and Metadata Services Team (BAMS) has made this transition and provides one example of how libraries can capitalize on the wealth of skilled employees already in place. This article discusses the full range of ideologies already in place and tactics used, including hiring a metadata cataloger, collaborating with digital initiatives groups in and outside the library, outsourcing some of the traditional cataloging, and training copy catalogers to create metadata to increase the viability and currency of the skills of a traditional cataloging unit

DNA double strand breaks but not interstrand crosslinks prevent progress through meiosis in fully grown mouse oocytes

There is some interest in how mammalian oocytes respond to different types of DNA damage because of the increasing expectation of fertility preservation in women undergoing chemotherapy. Double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation and agents such as neocarzinostatin (NCS), and interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by alkylating agents such as mitomycin C (MMC), are toxic DNA lesions that need to be repaired for cell survival. Here we examined the effects of NCS and MMC treatment on oocytes collected from antral follicles in mice, because potentially such oocytes are readily collected from ovaries and do not need to be in vitro grown to achieve meiotic competency. We found that oocytes were sensitive to NCS, such that this ionizing radiation mimetic blocked meiosis I and caused fragmented DNA. In contrast, MMC had no impact on the completion of either meiosis I or II, even at extremely high doses. However, oocytes treated with MMC did show ?-H2AX foci and following their in vitro maturation and parthenogenetic activation the development of the subsequent embryos was severely compromised. Addition of MMC to 1-cell embryos caused a similarly poor level of development, demonstrating oocytes have eventual sensitivity to this ICL-inducing agent but this does not occur during their meiotic division. In oocytes, the association of Fanconi Anemia protein, FANCD2, with sites of ICL lesions was not apparent until entry into the embryonic cell cycle. In conclusion, meiotic maturation of oocytes is sensitive to DSBs but not ICLs. The ability of oocytes to tolerate severe ICL damage and yet complete meiosis, means that this type of DNA lesion goes unrepaired in oocytes but impacts on subsequent embryo quality

Error in Airspeed Measurement Due to Static-Pressure Field Ahead of the Wing Tip of a Swept-Wing Airplane Model at Transonic Speeds

As part of a study of means of airspeed measurement at transonic speeds the use of static orifices located ahead of the wing tip has been investigated for possible application to service or research airspeed installations. The local static pressure and local Mach number have been measured at a distance of 1 tip chord ahead of the wing tip of a model of a swept-wing fighter airplane at true Mach numbers between 0.7 and 1.08 by the NACA wing-flow method. All measurements were made at or near zero lift. The local Mach number was found to be essentially equal to the true Mach numbers less than about 0.90. The local Mach number was found to be about 0.97 at a true Mach number of 0.95, and to be about 1.04 at a true Mach number of 1.08. The local Mach number provided a reasonable sensitive measure of true Mach number except for a restricted region near a true Mach number of 1.0 where the local Mach number did not change appreciably with true Mach number. The linear theory was found to predict qualitatively the effect of the fuselage on the static pressure ahead of the wing time but gave a reasonable prediction of the effect of the wing on the static pressure only at Mach numbers below 0.95