The end of the Marian Restoration and the early ElizabethanReformation in Canterbury. C.1557-1565

The Reformation was perhaps one of the most important socio-religious changes to occur in history. The effect it had on European culture, society and faith cannot be understated and yet, owing to the scope of Reformation sources and the relatively young trend of revisionism concerning the received truths about the period, comparatively little work has been conducted which centres around Canterbury alone, though many works incorporate references to the city into larger volumes. This thesis will explore the issues around the Reformation in Canterbury, the structure of the church and the conformability of its clergy. Furthermore, the works of key Protestant authors that comprise a group known as the ‘Marian exiles’ will be examined to give an impression of the attitude towards Catholicism, and therefore the Reformation at large, on the part of the more puritanical Protestants. Along with an analysis of Queen Elizabeth’s historic compromise, the Elizabethan Settlement that attempted to wed a Catholic hierarchical structure with a Protestant liturgical service, this thesis will also touch on the life of the first post-restoration holder of the archbishopric of Canterbury, Matthew Parker. Finally, this thesis will attempt to assess the impact of the Reformation upon Canterbury’s laity, both in terms of how the poorer strata of society accepted it, and the upper echelons of Canterbury society were divided. It is hoped that the analysis of this ‘local Reformation’ will contribute to the existing wealth of material about the movement as a whole

A singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problem with a moving pulse

A singularly perturbed parabolic equation of convection–diffusion type is examined. Initially the solution approximates a concentrated source. This causes an interior layer to form within the domain for all future times. Using a suitable transformation, a layer adapted mesh is constructed to track the movement of the centre of the interior layer. A parameter-uniform numerical method is then defined, by combining the backward Euler method and a simple upwinded finite difference operator with this layer-adapted mesh. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the theoretical error bounds established

Triple-wavelength fiber ring laser based on a hybrid gain medium actively mode-locked at 10 GHz

A fiber ring laser based on a hybrid gain medium that produces three simultaneously mode-locked wavelength channels is presented. The lithium niobate based modulator used to actively mode-lock the laser cavity at 10 GHz is birefringence compensated to reduce its polarization sensitivity. A Lyot filter defines the lasers multiwavelength spectrum which has a wavelength spacing of 1 nm. The polarization sensitive nature of the laser cavity and its affect on the performance of the laser is discussed

Biodigital publics: personal genomes as digital media artifacts

The recent proliferation of personal genomics and direct-to-consumer (DTC) genomics has attracted much attention and publicity. Concern around these developments has mainly focused on issues of biomedical regulation and hinged on questions of how people understand genomic information as biomedical and what meaning they make of it. However, this publicity amplifies genome sequences which are also made as internet texts and, as such, they generate new reading publics. The practices around the generation, circulation and reading of genome scans do not just raise questions about biomedical regulation, they also provide the focus for an exploration of how contemporary public participation in genomics works. These issues around the public features of DTC genomic testing can be pursued through a close examination of the modes of one of the best known providers—23andMe. In fact, genome sequences circulate as digital artefacts and, hence, people are addressed by them. They are read as texts, annotated and written about in browsers, blogs and wikis. This activity also yields content for media coverage which addresses an indefinite public in line with Michael Warner’s conceptualisation of publics. Digital genomic texts promise empowerment, personalisation and community, but this promise may obscure the compliance and proscription associated with these forms. The kinds of interaction here can be compared to those analysed by Andrew Barry. Direct-to-consumer genetics companies are part of a network providing an infrastructure for genomic reading publics and this network can be mapped and examined to demonstrate the ways in which this formation both exacerbates inequalities and offers possibilities for participation in biodigital culture

Electroanalysis at discrete arrays of gold nanowire electrodes

The development of reliable nanosensors offers a number of potential advantages in nanoscale analytical science. A hybrid electron beam-photolithography process was used to fabricate robust and reliable electrochemical nanowire array devices, with highly reproducible critical dimensions, 100 ± 6 nm. Nanowire electrode arrays were designed to permit diffusional independence at each nanowire element in an array thereby maximising limiting currents for optimised electrochemical nanosensing. The electrochemical behaviour of discrete nanowire electrode arrays was investigated using cyclic voltammetry in ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid. Single nanowire devices yielded highly reproducible steady-state sigmoidal waveforms, with typical currents of 179 ± 16 pA. Higher steady-state currents were achieved at nanowire arrays, up to ∼1.2 nA for arrays consisting of six nanowire elements. At low and intermediate scan rates, sigmoidal waveforms were observed for nanowire arrays indicating very fast mass transport. However, voltammetric behaviour consistent with semi-infinite linear diffusion was observed at higher scan rates confirming the presence of overlapping diffusion profiles between neighbouring nanowires within an array. The existence of diffusion overlap between neighbouring nanowire elements was further demonstrated by deviation of measured steady-state currents from estimates, becoming more pronounced with increasing numbers on nanowire elements in the array. Finally capacitive charging of the electrodes was explored, and were found to exhibit very low capacitance typically ∼31 ± 3 nF cm−2 per device, three orders of magnitude less than that reported for conventional microelectrodes (∼20 μF cm−2)

The fatty acid profile and stable isotope ratios of C and N of muscle from cattle that grazed grass or grass/clover pastures before slaughter and their discriminatory potential

peer-reviewedConsumption of grazed pasture compared to concentrates results in higher concentrations, in beef muscle, of fatty acids considered to be beneficial to human health. Little information is available on the influence of the type of grazed forage. Our objectives were to determine 1) the effect of inclusion of white clover in a grazing sward on the fatty acid profile of beef muscle and 2) the potential of the fatty acid profile and stable isotope ratios of C and N to discriminate between beef from cattle that grazed grass-only or grass/clover swards before slaughter. A total of 28 spring-born Charolais steers grazed from March until slaughter in October, either on a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sward that received approximately 220 kg N/ha or a perennial ryegrass–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) sward that received 50 kg N/ha. The longissimus muscle from cattle finished on grass/clover had a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of C18:2 and C18:3 but a lower (P < 0.05) proportion of conjugated linoleic acid and δ15N value than animals finished on the grass-only sward. Discriminant analysis using the fatty acid data showed that, after cross-validation, 80.7% of grass/clover and 86.1% of grass-only muscle samples were correctly classified. Discriminant analysis using the stable isotope data showed that, after cross-validation, 95.7% of grass/clover and 86.5% of grass-only muscle samples were correctly classified. Inclusion of white clover in pasture is likely to have little effect on healthiness of meat for consumers. However, changes in fatty acids and stable isotopes can be used to distinguish between grass/clover-fed and grass-only-fed beef

An unusual case of small bowel obstruction post caesarean section

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a very rare complication post-caesarean section (CS). Herniation of small bowel through the rectus muscle with an intact sheath is extremely rare. We present a case of SBO after an uncomplicated c-section and an uneventful early postoperative cours