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When adolescents stop psychological therapy: rupture-repair in the therapeutic alliance and association with therapy ending
therapeutic alliance consistently predicts dropout from psychological therapy, and ruptures in the therapeutic alliance may also predict dropout, yet there is a dearth
of research with adolescents. This study investigated whether markers of rupturerepair in the therapeutic alliance were indicative of different types of treatment ending in adolescents who received psychological treatment for depression. Data were from the IMPACT study, a trial investigating the effectiveness of therapies for adolescent depression. Participants were randomly allocated to receive a psychological therapy: Brief Psychosocial Intervention, Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy or Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. The sample (N=35) comprised adolescents who had either completed their treatment (n=14) or dropped out (n=21) according to their therapist. Dropout cases were further classified as dissatisfied (n=14) or got-whatthey-
needed (n=7) based on post-therapy interviews with the adolescent and therapist. Selected audio-recordings of therapy sessions were rated using the Rupture Resolution Rating System and Working Alliance Inventory (observer-version). Therapeutic alliance and rupture-repair during therapy were similar for completers and got-what-they-needed dropouts, while dissatisfied dropouts had poorer
therapeutic alliance, more ruptures, ruptures were frequently unresolved, and therapists contributed to ruptures to a greater extent. Qualitative analysis of the sessions led to the construction of three categories of therapist contribution to
ruptures: therapist minimal response; persisting with a therapeutic activity; and focus on risk. Results suggest that ruptures, especially when unresolved, could be regarded
as warning signs of disengagement and dropout from psychological treatment. Future research should investigate how ruptures may be effectively identified and resolved in
treatment with adolescents
Evaluation of a New Recombinant K39 Rapid Diagnostic Test for Sudanese Visceral Leishmaniasis.
A new rK39 rapid diagnostic dipstick test (DiaMed-IT-Leish) was compared with aspiration and a direct agglutination test (DAT) for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in 201 parasitologically confirmed cases, 133 endemic controls, and in 356 clinical suspects in disease-endemic and -epidemic areas in Sudan. The sensitivity of the rK39 test in parasitologically confirmed VL cases was 90%, whereas the specificity in disease-endemic controls was 99%. The sensitivity of the DAT was 98%. In clinically suspected cases, the sensitivity of the rK39 test was 81% and the specificity was 97%. When compared with the diagnostic protocol based on the DAT and aspiration used by Médecins sans Frontières in epidemic situations, the positive predictive value was 98%, and the negative predictive value was 71%. This rK39 rapid diagnostic test is suitable for screening as well as diagnosis of VL. Further diagnostic work-up of dipstick-negative patients with clinically suspected VL is important. The ease and convenience of the dipstick test will allow decentralization and improved access to care in disease-endemic areas in Sudan
Combined visible and near-infrared OPA for wavelength scaling experiments in strong-field physics
We report the operation of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) capable of
producing gigawatt peak-power laser pulses with tunable wavelength in either
the visible or near-infrared spectrum. The OPA has two distinct operation modes
(i) generation of >350 uJ, sub 100 fs pulses, tunable between 1250 - 1550 nm;
(ii) generation of >190 uJ, sub 150 fs pulses tunable between 490 - 530 nm. We
have recorded high-order harmonic spectra over a wide range of driving
wavelengths. This flexible source of femtosecond pulses presents a useful tool
for exploring the wavelength-dependence of strong-field phenomena, in both the
multi-photon and tunnel ionization regimes.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, This paper was published in Proceedings of SPIE
10088, Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices
XVI, doi 10.1117/12.225077
Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents: an updated narrative review of the evidence-base
While the evidence base for psychodynamic therapy with adults is now quite
substantial, there is still a lack of research evaluating the effectiveness of
psychodynamic therapies with children and young people. Those studies that have been
carried out are also not widely known in the field. To help address the second point, in
2011, we carried out a review of the evidence base for psychodynamic psychotherapy
for children and adolescents, which identified 35 studies which together provided some
preliminary evidence for this treatment for a range of childhood disorders. The present
study is an updated review, focusing on research published between March 2011 and
November 2016. During this period, 23 additional studies were published, of which 5
were reports on randomised controlled trials, 3 were quasi-experimental controlled
studies and 15 were observational studies. Although most studies covered children
with mixed diagnoses, there were a number of studies examining specific diagnostic
groups, including children with depression, anxiety and disruptive disorders. whilst
the quality of studies was mixed, some were well-designed and reported, and overall
indicated promising findings. Nevertheless, further high-quality research is needed
in order to better understand the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy
across a range of different disorders, and to ensure that services can provide a range of
evidence-based treatments for children and young people
Preliminary investigations into the response of O+ twaite shad (alosa fallax) to ultrasound and its potential as an entrainment deterrent
Water is abstracted from riverine, estuarine and marine environments to supply potable water,
power stations, hydroelectric facilities and industry. Such abstractions inevitably carry with
them the risk of fish entrainment, defined as „the drawing in of fish of any life stage at a water
intake‟ (Turnpenny & O‟Keeffe, 2005). It is possible, however, that entrainment losses can be
reduced to an acceptable level with the use of appropriate fish screening technologies.
Fish protection solutions for water intakes are manifold and include: alterations to intake
design; management of the abstraction regime; modification of existing screens to make them
“fish friendly”; provision of fish return systems; and the installation of physical screens or
behavioural deterrents to prevent or minimise entrainment. There are however a range of site
specific constraints which influence the suitability of each solution
The use of semi-structured interviews for the characterisation of farmer irrigation practices
For the development of sustainable and realistic water security, generating
information on the behaviours, characteristics, and drivers of users, as well
as on the resource itself, is essential. In this paper we present a
methodology for collecting qualitative and quantitative data on water use
practices through semi-structured interviews. This approach facilitates the
collection of detailed information on actors' decisions in a convenient and
cost-effective manner. Semi-structured interviews are organised around a
topic guide, which helps lead the conversation in a standardised way while
allowing sufficient opportunity for relevant issues to emerge. In addition,
they can be used to obtain certain types of quantitative data. While not as
accurate as direct measurements, they can provide useful information on local
practices and users' insights. We present an application of the methodology
on farmer water use in two districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in
northern India. By means of 100 farmer interviews, information was collected on
various aspects of irrigation practices, including irrigation water volumes,
irrigation cost, water source, and their spatial variability. Statistical
analyses of the information, along with data visualisation, are also
presented, indicating a significant variation in irrigation practices both within and
between districts. Our application shows that semi-structured interviews are
an effective and efficient method of collecting both qualitative and
quantitative information for the assessment of drivers, behaviours, and their
outcomes in a data-scarce region. The collection of this type of data could
significantly improve insights on water resources, leading to more realistic
management options and increased water security in the future
Community Biodiversity Management: Promoting resilience and the conservation of plant genetic resources
This book is the first to set out a clear overview of CBM as a methodology for meeting socio-environmental changes. CBM is shown to be a key strategy that promotes community resilience, and contributes to the conservation of plant genetic resources. The authors present the underlying concepts and theories of CBM as well as its methodology and practices, and introduce case studies primarily from Brazil, Ethiopia, France, India, and Nepal. Contributors include farmers, leaders of farmers’ organizations, professionals from conservation and development organizations, students and scientists
Sensitivity of nonlinear photoionization to resonance substructure in collective excitation
Collective behaviour is a characteristic feature in many-body systems, important for developments in fields such as magnetism, superconductivity, photonics and electronics. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the optically nonlinear response of collective excitations. Here we demonstrate how the nonlinear interaction of a many-body system with intense XUV radiation can be used as an effective probe for characterizing otherwise unresolved features of its collective response. Resonant photoionization of atomic xenon was chosen as a case study. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory strongly supports the prediction that two distinct poles underlie the giant dipole resonance. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of collective behaviour in atoms, molecules and solid-state systems using nonlinear spectroscopic techniques enabled by modern short-wavelength light sources
Two-electron processes in multiple ionization under strong soft-x-ray radiation
In a combined experimental and theoretical study we have investigated the ionization of atomic argon upon irradiation with intense soft-x-ray pulses of 105 eV photon energy from the free-electron laser FLASH. The measured ion yields show charge states up to Ar7+. The comparison with the theoretical study of the underlying photoionization dynamics highlights the importance of excited states in general and of processes governed by electron correlation in particular, namely, ionization with excitation and shake-off, processes usually inaccessible by measurements of ionic yields only. The Ar7+ yield shows a clear deviation from the predictions of the commonly used model of sequential ionization via single-electron processes and the observed signal can only be explained by taking into account the full multiplet structure of the involved configurations and by inclusion of two-electron processes. The competing process of two-photon ionization from the ground state of Ar6+ is calculated to be orders of magnitude smaller
Re-imagining crisis care: experiences of delivering and receiving the Assured brief psychological intervention for people presenting to Emergency Departments with self-harm
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