Abdominal Pregnancy

This is a report of a case of abdominal pregnancy (a rare condition). Lack of antenatal care resulted in late presentation. Persistent abdominal pain, weight loss and pallor were the main clinical features. Presence of this triad in pregnancy should raise the suspicion of abdominal pregnancy

Assessment of knowledge and factors that may predict willingness to volunteerism: A pilot study of community.directed distributors in Anambra state

Background: Malaria as a leading cause of death in many developing countries requires urgent interventions. In order to improve access to healthcare, trained volunteers are used to distribute health commodities. The present study aims at determining knowledge and factors that may predict willingness to volunteerism in a developing country.Methodology: This was a cross.sectional descriptive study carried out in 2014 among 284 community-directed distributors in three rural communities in Anambra, Southeast Nigeria using pretested  semi-structured questionnaires.Results: The age range of volunteers was 21.79 years. Most (71.8%) are females and are married (83.1). Only 5.6% of the volunteers did not have any formal education. The predominant occupation is trading (52.5). Most volunteers (78.5%) could define the term volunteerism. Less than half (40.1%) knew the resources that could be volunteered. Most (67.3%) felt that volunteerism is most needed in church activities. Many  respondents (58.8%) had volunteered for one or more programs previously. The most common challenge faced was interference with other income generating activities (66.5%). Retired males were more likely to volunteer than retired females (P . 0.01). However, females are more likely to volunteer if the main reason of volunteering is to help people (P . 0.01). The more educated ones believe that volunteerism will help them to be selected for other community programs.Conclusion: Most respondents had volunteered for other programs and the motivating factors included the satisfaction derived from helping others and the hope of being used for other community programs.Key words: Community.directed distributors, knowledge, malaria, volunteeris

Abdominal Pregnancy With a Full Term Live Fetus: Case Report

This is a case report of an abdominal pregnancy that was carried to term with live fetus. Illiteracy, poverty and lack of antenatal care had resulted in her late presentation. Bleeding per vagina, persistence abdominal pain, weight loss and pallor were the main clinical features. She had laparotomy and delivery of a live fetus.Ce cas clinique se rapporte \ue0 une grosses abdominale qui s'est d\ue9roul\ue9e jusqu'\ue0 terme avec un f\ue9tus vivant. L'ignorance, la pauvret\ue9 et l'absence de consultation pr\ue9natale ont abouti \ue0 une consultation tardive. Un saignement par voie vaginale, une douleur abdominale persistante, une perte de poids et une p\ue2leur \ue9taient les \ue9l\ue9ments caract\ue9ristiques au plan clinique. Elle a b\ue9n\ue9fici\ue9 d'une laparotomie avec accouchement d'un f\u153tus vivant

Oxidative stress and outcome of antioxidant supplementation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Background: PCOS is a condition with significant decrease in antioxidant with an increased risk of oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in PCOS and may improve outcome of management of PCOS. Objectives of this study were to determine the oxidative stress level of PCOS patients, to assess the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the outcome of management of PCOS and to compare with a control group.Methods: The study was a single blind randomised control trial involving 200 patients with PCOS. The study was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups and base line serum levels of oxidative stress marker, antioxidant enzymes, vitamins and minerals were determined. Antioxidant supplementation and placebo were given to the intervention and control groups respectively. All the patients had ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate and were followed up for 6 months. Outcome measures were clinical pregnancy or menstrual regularisation. Level of significance was <0.05.Results: There was statistical significance in the serum levels of oxidative stress marker, antioxidant enzymes, vitamins and minerals between the two groups (post intervention). Glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase (p = 0.0001), catalase (p= 0.0369), melondialdehyde (p= 0.007), Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E (p = 0.0001), zinc and copper (p = 0.0001). The clinical pregnancy outcomes were 22 (22%) versus 2 (2%); live births 18 (18%) versus 2 (2%) and menstrual regularisation 48 (48%) versus 46 (46%) in the intervention and control groups respectively.Conclusions: Antioxidant supplementation in this study significantly affected pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS. Larger studies are suggested to revisit the conclusion of the Cochrane review that antioxidants supplementation had no significant role in female infertility

Practices of farmers in production and marketing of tomato in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

The study described socio-economic characteristics, production, consumption and marketing patterns of tomato farmers as well as constraints they encounter in tomato production in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty tomato farmers randomly selected form twelve villages in the area constituted sample for the study. Data were collected with interview schedule and questionnaire and were presented with frequency, percentage and mean scores. Findings show that the respondents were mainly married (71%) women (72.5%) who were literate with mean age and mean farming experience of 42.22 years and 17.21years respectively. Greater proportion of the respondents grew tomatoes on communal land (31.7%) with personal savings (42.5%) and hired labour (45%). They grew tomatoes during rainy season (54.1%) using personal reserved seeds (53.3%). Lack/poor storage facility (M=2.00) and fluctuation in price of tomato (M = 2.13) were some of the serious constraints to production and marketing of tomatoes respectively in the area. The study recommends that government, non-governmental organisations, self help development organisations/agencies as well as philanthropists should assist in provision of storage facilities for tomatoes so as to reduce losses and ensure preservation and availability of the product all year round at reasonable and stable price

Practices of farmers in production and marketing of tomato in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

The study described socio-economic characteristics, production, consumption and marketing patterns of tomato farmers as well as constraints they encounter in tomato production in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty tomato farmers randomly selected form twelve villages in the area constituted sample for the study. Data were collected with interview schedule and questionnaire and were presented with frequency, percentage and mean scores. Findings show that the respondents were mainly married (71%) women (72.5%) who were literate with mean age and mean farming experience of 42.22 years and 17.21years respectively. Greater proportion of the respondents grew tomatoes on communal land (31.7%) with personal savings (42.5%) and hired labour (45%). They grew tomatoes during rainy season (54.1%) using personal reserved seeds (53.3%). Lack/poor storage facility (M=2.00) and fluctuation in price of tomato (M = 2.13) were some of the serious constraints to production and marketing of tomatoes respectively in the area. The study recommends that government, non-governmental organisations, self help development organisations/agencies as well as philanthropists should assist in provision of storage facilities for tomatoes so as to reduce losses and ensure preservation and availability of the product all year round at reasonable and stable price

Elective caesarean section in a tertiary hospital in Sokoto, north western Nigeria

Background: Elective caesarean sections have been considered safer for both mother and the fetus compared to their emergency counterpart. However, emergency caesarean sections have continued to form bulk of caesarean deliveries in our facility. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the caesarean section rate together with the trend, indications, and maternal mortality associated with elective caesarean operation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical records of all the patients that had caesarean section between January 2002 and December 2010 (9 years) at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria was conducted. Results: During the 9 year study period, 2284 caesarean sections were performed out of 22,985 total deliveries at UDUTH Sokoto, thus giving a caesarean section rate of 9.9%. Emergency and elective operations accounted for 1784 (78.2%) and 498 (21.8%) of the cases respectively. The rate of elective caesarean section increased from 1.7% in 2002 to 3.2% in 2007. Thereafter it declined gradually to 1.8% in 2010. Repeat caesarean section (30.7%) and malpresentation (17.1%) were the most common indications for elective caesarean operation. There were 18 maternal deaths from caesarean section and only one from the elective caesarean procedure. Conclusion: The rising trend in the elective caesarean section rate in this study underscores the need for better and improved patient selection together with counseling on its benefits and risks. This is because despite the fact that it is safer than emergency caesarean operation, it is not entirely devoid of complications. Routine use of spinal anesthesia in performing the procedure should be encouraged

Practices of Farmers in Production and Marketing of Tomato in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

The study described socio-economic characteristics, production, consumption and marketing patterns of tomato farmers as well as constraints they encounter in tomato production in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty tomato farmers randomly selected form twelve villages in the area constituted sample for the study. Data were collected with interview schedule and questionnaire and were presented with frequency, percentage and mean scores. Findings show that the respondents were mainly married (71%) women (72.5%) who were literate with mean age and mean farming experience of 42.22 years and 17.21years respectively. Greater proportion of the respondents grew tomatoes on communal land (31.7%) with personal savings (42.5%) and hired labour (45%). They grew tomatoes during rainy season (54.1%) using personal reserved seeds (53.3%). Lack/poor storage facility (M=2.00) and fluctuation in price of tomato (M = 2.13) were some of the serious constraints to production and marketing of tomatoes respectively in the area. The study recommends that government, non-governmental organisations, self help development organisations/agencies as well as philanthropists should assist in provision of storage facilities for tomatoes so as to reduce losses and ensure preservation and availability of the product all year round at reasonable and stable price

Abdominal Pregnancy With a Full Term Live Fetus: Case Report

This is a case report of an abdominal pregnancy that was carried to term with live fetus. Illiteracy, poverty and lack of antenatal care had resulted in her late presentation. Bleeding per vagina, persistence abdominal pain, weight loss and pallor were the main clinical features. She had laparotomy and delivery of a live fetus.Ce cas clinique se rapporte à une grosses abdominale qui s&apos;est déroulée jusqu&apos;à terme avec un fétus vivant. L&apos;ignorance, la pauvreté et l&apos;absence de consultation prénatale ont abouti à une consultation tardive. Un saignement par voie vaginale, une douleur abdominale persistante, une perte de poids et une pâleur étaient les éléments caractéristiques au plan clinique. Elle a bénéficié d&apos;une laparotomie avec accouchement d&apos;un fœtus vivant