Development of a framework for reduction of flare gas in an oil and gas processing environment

Gas flaring is a major contribution to global greenhouse gas burden with a total volume of 100 billion cubic meters (BCM) flared annually. Russia is responsible for 35.5 BCM annually while Nigeria burns 18.27 BCM, equated to approximately $2 billion yearly. There is urgent need to therefore conduct research aimed at management of gas flaring with large economic and environmental benefits. This study has developed a sustainable framework to manage flare gas, incorporating inputs from government, legislation, industrial partners that generate energy, and environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies towards achieving significant reduction in gas flaring. The research method used semi-structured interview of key practitioners in an oil and gas industry (GASPROC) to obtain useful data on gas produced and flared; as well as gas utilised in two case companies – (ELECPROC 1 and ELECPROC 2). Data obtained were analysed using NVIVO software, and the data highlighted details of volume of gas utilised to generate electricity, the amount of electricity generated, and the volume of flared gas. Overall, the case company (GASPROC) flared about 8.33% of its total annual gas production (6.6 million cubic meters). Study recommends that 50 units of gas turbine with gas consumption and electricity generation capacities of 0.93 MCM and 150 MW each would be sufficient to utilise the flare gas and produce 7500 MW of electricity daily. A capital investment of £1.64b will generate a net profit of £1.26b/year, with a rate of return of investment on 16.3%. It is anticipated that adoption and utilisation of the framework will significantly reduce the volume of flare gas with considerable economic and environmental benefits

Igbo Masquerade Drama and the Origin of Theatre: A Comparative Synthesis

Studies on the origin of theatre have tended to concentrate on western theatre disregarding, sometimes completely, non-western theatrical practices. When studies are carried out on third world theatre, scholars tend to refer to it as ritual which requires more development before it can be perceived as theatre. Researches carried out on non-western theatre by theatre scholars have, unfortunately, not been given the kind of recognition they deserve, while studies on western theatre have been made to assume a somewhat \u27universal\u27 recognition

Igbo Masquerade Performance and the Problem of Alien Intervention: Transition from Cult to Theatre

No abstrac

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM CURRENT AND VOLTAGE INSTRUMENTATION CHANNEL ERROR CORRECTION USING UNCONSTRAINED WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES DYNAMIC STATE ESTIMATION

The objective of this dissertation research is to study the problem of error generation in the Current Transformer (CT) and Voltage Transformer (VT) Instrumentation Channels, respectively, and then to investigate the application of a Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) technique to correct for the error generation in each case. The dissertation research was conducted as an early stage or a proof-of-concept endeavor and focuses on conventional instrument transformers. This dissertation thus presents the detailed development and performance evaluation of DSE-based error correction algorithms for conventional instrument transformer instrumentation channel applications – that is, current transformer and voltage transformer applications. The error correction algorithm continuously obtains measurements of the instrumentation channel output, and then uses the detailed mathematical model of the instrumentation channel along with the Unconstrained Weighted Least Squares (UWLS) DSE technique to provide sample-by-sample estimates of the CT or VT primary quantity. The algorithm therefore represents a Model-Based Optimization (MBO) process that provides the state variable estimates based on continuously fitting the instrumentation channel measurements to the detailed model on a sample-by-sample basis. The error correction algorithm represents an advanced instrumentation channel functionality provision for hybrid or fully digitalized power system substation architectures. And, the algorithm can be implemented using the software options of the Merging Unit (MU), which is an operationally integral component of the instrument transformer instrumentation channel design in hybrid or fully digital substations.Ph.D

Principals Strategies for Managing the Resurgence of Covid-19 in the Administration of Secondary Schools in Rivers State

The study investigated principals strategies for Covid-19 in the administration of secondary schools in Rivers State. Three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses guided the work. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample size of 92 representing 30% drawn from a population of 276 principals using stratified sampling technique. A validated instrument titled principal’s strategies for managing the resurgence of Covid-19 questionnaire (PSMRCIQ) was used for data collection. The instrument yielded a reliability index of 0.87 using test re-test method. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while the z-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that principals strategies for managing the resurgence of Covid-19 are; being vigilant in noticing sick students and staff, ensuring that social distancing and wearing of face mask are maintained, ensuring that all appropriate infection control measures are implemented and classes are not over crowed. It was recommended that Rivers State government should ensure that secondary schools are provided with preventive measures and health workers. And principals should also ensure that schools are comply and obey all preventive measure and classes should not also be overcrowded

Activated Plantain Peel Biochar As Adsorbent For Removal of Zinc(II) Ions From Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies.

Plantain peel biomass was carbonized, activated, and characterized using BET surface area and XRD. The XRD diffraction indicated crystalline structure with crystallite size of 14.56 nm evaluated through Debye-Scherrer equation. The pore size (cc/g) and pore surface area (m2/g) of the biochar was 8.79 and 16.69 respectively from BET surface area. Various parametric properties such as effect of initial metal ion concentration, pH, and contact time were studied in a batch reaction process. Adsorption of zinc from aqueous solution decreased with an increase of pH and initial concentration. Equilibrium modeling studies suggested that the data fitted mainly to the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data tested using various kinetic models fitted the Bangham’s pore diffusion model implicating pore diffusion as the main rate limiting step. The sorption studies indicated the potential of plantain peel biochar as an effective, efficient and low cost adsorbent for remediating zinc (II) ions contaminated environment

Intra-operative Diagnosis of Lower Segment Scar Dehiscence in a Second Gravida After One Previous Lower Segment Cesarean Section: Should We Advocate for Routine Antenatal Uterine Scar Thickness Testing?

Background: Uterine dehiscence is a separation of uterine musculature with intact uterine serosa. It can be encountered at the time of cesarean delivery, suspected on obstetric ultrasound or diagnosed in-between pregnancies. The antenatal diagnosis may occasionally elude the Obstetricians. This particular case demonstrates an intra-operative diagnosis of uterine dehiscence with missed antenatal ultrasound diagnosis in an asymptomatic woman. Case presentation: She was a 32-year-old Nigerian second gravida who booked for antenatal care at 32 weeks of gestation following a referral from her attending Obstetrician from a neighboring state due to relocation. She had 3 antenatal visits and 2 antenatal ultrasound investigations without uterine scar thickness report. She subsequently had elective Cesarean section (CS) at a gestational age of 38 weeks plus 2 days due to persistent breech presentation on a background of a previous lower segment CS scar. There was no previous uterine curettage prior to or after the previous lower segment CS scar and there was no labor pains prior to the elective CS. The surgery was successful with intra-operative findings of moderate intra parietal peritoneal adhesions with rectus sheath and obvious uterine dehiscence along the line of the previous CS scar. The fetal outcomes were normal. Immediate post-operative condition was satisfactory and the woman was discharged on a third-day post operation. Conclusion: Obstetricians are charged to maintain a high index of suspicion when managing pregnant women with history of emergency CS in order to avert the adverse consequences of uterine rupture from asymptomatic uterine dehiscence. Based on this report, it may be useful to routinely assess the lower uterine segment scar of women with previous emergency CS using the available ultrasound facilities. However, more studies are needed before advocating for routine antenatal uterine scar thickness testing following emergency lower segment CS in low and middle-income settings