Analisis Struktur Batin Syair Adat Pada Masyaraka Sikka Krowe Dalam Tradisi Poto Wua Ta'a Di Kabupaten Sikka Nusa Tenggara Timur

Dampak langsung dari globalisasi adalah tergerusnya bahasa, seni, serta adat-istiadat yang selama ini dijaga dan dilestarikan oleh nenek moyang, akan hilang dan tidak dikenali lagi oleh para pemuda yang hidup di zaman sekarang. Padahal, sastra lisan adat istiadat justru memiliki nilai-nilai karakter yang mampu menjadi pedoman dalam hidup bermasyarakat berbangsa dan bernegara. Berhadapan dengan tradisi poto wua ta'a yang merupakan bagian dari syair adat yang belakangan eksistensinya mulai hilang oleh perkembangan globalisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan struktur batin dalam syair adat poto wua ta'a. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah struktural batin karena pendekatan ini menempatkan karya sastra sebagai dasar penelitian dan memandang karya sastra sebagai dasar penelitan serta sebagai sistem maknanya yang berlapis-lapis sebagai suatu totalitas yang tak dapat dipisahkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menganalisis data deskriptif dengan cara memaparkan dan mendeskripsikan sesuatu yang ada. Sumber data yang diperoleh dari narasumber berupa syair adat poto wua ta'a. Teknik dan prosedur pengumpulan data berupa: rekam, catat, observasi, wawancara. Teknik analisis data dengan cara: terjemahan syair adat poto wua ta'a, mengklasifikasi data, menganalisis data dan menyimpulkan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, tema dalam syair adat poto wua ta'a adalah (1) tema perkenalan, (2) tema peminangan (3) tema keluarga, (4) tema keTuhanan. Kedua, Nada dalam syair adat Poto wua ta'a adalah (1) nada romantik yang mencakup nada tanya, nada menjawab, nada mengajak, (2) nada mencekam, (3) nada intensi/memohon, (4) nada memiliki. Ketiga, (1) rasa gembira, (2) rasa sedih, (3) rasa malu. Keempat, amanat yang terkandung dalam syair adat poto wua ta'a sebagai berikut: (1) amanat berkaitan dengan menjaga kesucian perkawinan, (2) amanat berkaitan dengan tugas dan tanggung jawab kepala keluarga, (3) jangan lupa bersyukur kepada Tuhan, (4) harus hidup rukun dan damai dengan sesama ciptaan Tuhan

Exposure to deltamethrin affects development of Plasmodium falciparum inside wild pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid resistance in African vector mosquitoes is a threat to malaria control. Resistant mosquitoes can survive insecticide doses that would normally be lethal. We studied effects of such doses on Plasmodium falciparum development inside kdr-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. in Uganda. METHODS: We collected An. gambiae s.s. homozygous for kdr-L1014S mutation, fed them on blood samples from 42 P. falciparum-infected local patients, then exposed them either to nets treated with sub-lethal doses of deltamethrin or to untreated nets. After seven days, we dissected 692 mosquitoes and examined their midguts for oocysts. Prevalence (proportion infected) and intensity of infection (number of oocysts per infected mosquito) were recorded for each group. RESULTS: Both prevalence and intensity of infection were significantly reduced in deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes, compared to those exposed to untreated nets. With low doses (2.5-5.0 mg/m(2)), prevalence was reduced by 59% (95% CI = 22%-78%) and intensity by 41% (95% CI = 25%-54%). With high doses (10-16.7 mg/m(2)), prevalence was reduced by 80% (95% CI = 67%-88 %) and intensity by 34 % (95 % CI = 20%-46%). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that, with locally-sampled parasites and mosquitoes, doses of pyrethroids that are sub-lethal for resistant mosquitoes can interfere with parasite development inside mosquitoes. This mechanism could enable pyrethroid-treated nets to prevent malaria transmission despite increasing vector resistance

Entomological surveillance following a long-lasting insecticidal net universal coverage campaign in Midwestern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: A universal coverage campaign (UCC) with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) was implemented in four districts in Midwestern Uganda in 2009-2010. Entomological surveys were carried out to monitor changes in vector density, behaviour and malaria transmission following this intervention. METHODS: Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps quarterly and human landing catch twice a year in four sites. Collections were done at baseline before the campaign and over a three-year period following the campaign. Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed. A subset of anophelines were molecularly identified to species, and kdr L1014S frequencies were determined. RESULTS: The prevailing malaria vector in three sites was Anopheles gambiae s.l. (>97 %), with An. funestus s.l. being present in low numbers only. An. gambiae s.s. dominated (> 95 %) over An. arabiensis within A. gambiae s.l. In the remaining site, all three vector species were observed, although their relative densities varied among seasons and years. Vector densities were low in the year following the UCC but increased over time. Vector infectivity was 3.2 % at baseline and 1.8 % three years post-distribution (p = 0.001). The daily entomological inoculation rate (EIR) in 2012 varied between 0.0-0.98 for the different sites compared to a baseline EIR that was between 0.0-5.8 in 2009. There was no indication of a change in indoor feeding times, and both An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. continued to feed primarily after midnight with vectors being active until the early morning. Kdr L1014S frequencies were already high at baseline (53-85 %) but increased significantly in all sites over time. CONCLUSIONS: The entomological surveys indicate that there was a reduction in transmission intensity coinciding with an increase in use of LLINs and other antimalarial interventions in areas of high malaria transmission. There was no change in feeding behaviour, and human-vector contact occurred indoors and primarily after midnight constantly throughout the study. Although the study was not designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention compared to areas with no such intervention, the reduction in transmission occurred in an area with previously stable malaria, which seems to indicate a substantial contribution of the increased LLIN coverage

Monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in Ethiopia and Uganda: Beyond Garki Project baseline survey.

Published onlineJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tBACKGROUND: Scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. Understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. METHODS: Four sites in Ethiopia and Uganda were set up to monitor epidemiological changes and effectiveness of interventions over time. Here, results of a survey during the peak transmission season of 2012 are reported, which will be used as baseline for subsequent surveys and may support adaptation of control strategies. Data on malariometric and entomological variables, socio-economic status (SES) and control coverage were collected. RESULTS: Malaria prevalence varied from 1.4 % in Guba (Ethiopia) to 9.9 % in Butemba (Uganda). The most dominant species was Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia and Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda. The majority of human-vector contact occurred indoors in Uganda, ranging from 83 % (Anopheles funestus sensu lato) to 93 % (Anopheles gambiae s.l.), which is an important factor for the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). High kdr-L1014S (resistance genotype) frequency was observed in A. gambiae sensu stricto in Uganda. Too few mosquitoes were collected in Ethiopia, so it was not possible to assess vector habits and insecticide resistance levels. ITN ownership did not vary by SES and 56-98 % and 68-78 % of households owned at least one ITN in Ethiopia and Uganda, respectively. In Uganda, 7 % of nets were purchased by households, but the nets were untreated. In three of the four sites, 69-76 % of people with access to ITNs used them. IRS coverage ranged from 84 to 96 % in the three sprayed sites. Half of febrile children in Uganda and three-quarters in Ethiopia for whom treatment was sought received diagnostic tests. High levels of child undernutrition were detected in both countries carrying important implications on child development. In Uganda, 7-8 % of pregnant women took the recommended minimum three doses of intermittent preventive treatment. CONCLUSION: Malaria epidemiology seems to be changing compared to earlier published data, and it is essential to have more data to understand how much of the changes are attributable to interventions and other factors. Regular monitoring will help to better interpret changes, identify determinants, modify strategies and improve targeting to address transmission heterogeneity.UK aid (PPA

Correction to: Monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in Ethiopia and Uganda: Beyond Garki Project baseline survey

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMC via the DOI in this recordThe article to which this is the correction is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19983Correction to: Malar J (2015) 14:337 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0852-7 Please be advised that one of the author names is incorrectly spelled in the published article: ‘Irene Kyomuhagi’ should be ‘Irene Kyomuhangi’. The corrected name can be found in the author list of this article

EVALUASI KESEHATAN POHON MENGGUNAKAN INDIKATOR FOREST HEALTH MONITORING PADA RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU UNIVERSITAS PALANGKA RAYA: Evaluation of Tree Health Using Forest Health Monitoring Indicators in Palangka Raya University Green Space Area

Palangka Raya University Campus is a form of urban Green Open Space (GOS) that hasecological, social, cultural and aesthetic benefits. It is assumed that many trees which arepart of the green open space on the Palangka Raya University campus are experiencingunfavorable conditions. To obtain this information, a study was conducted using the foresthealth monitoring (FHM) method. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on thelevel of tree damage and the form of pests and diseases as well as human disturbance inthe green open space area of Palangka Raya Universit

Eksistensi Hukum Waris Adat Pada Sistem Kekerabatan Patrilineal Di Kabupaten Sikka Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

The purpose of this research is to find out and explain the implementation of customary inheritance law and the process of inheritance dispute resolution based on the prevailing traditional inheritance law in Sikka Regency. This study used a qualitative approach to data collection using structured interviews, semi-structured, and observation. The sampling technique used in this study was snowball sampling. The data source used is primary data from interviews with 10 informants who are elders and administrators of village customary institutions in several villages in Sikka district. As for the results of the study, the situation describes the implementation of customary inheritance law in the patrilineal kinship system in Sikka Regency in that the distribution of land inheritance is given full power to the boys so that the distribution amount is different from the disabled children, while the dispute resolution process is based on negotiations after there is no resolution. deliberations to reconcile the disputing parties by the Village Traditional Institution and the Village Government.  Keywords: Customary Inheritance Law, Patrilineal Kinship System, Sikka Regency