Expropriation of Minority Shareholders' Rights: Evidence from Malaysia

This paper examines the extent level of expropriation of minority shareholders' rights in Malaysia. The study aims to investigate whether the following variables influence the expropriation of minority shareholders' rights in Malaysia. Analysis of 60 companies listed from two industries in Bursa Malaysia was selected. Descriptive analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model are performed in this study. From six variables that are tested only three variables can be concluded as factors influencing the expropriation of minority shareholders' rights in Malaysia. The number of independent outside directors increases the potential for expropriation of minority shareholders' rights. However, this relationship became opposite when the directors have a different characteristic among boards that affect their independence level. Profitability and growth are highly correlated. When the model is estimated using either one of them, the result is significantly negative, which means that profitable or growing firms have less incentives to engage in related party transactions (RPT). Ownership concentration, level of leverage and size are not significant in explaining the level of expropriation of minority shareholders in RPT

A review: protoplast isolation by using different explant / Nurul Huda Mustafa

This review study was conducted on isolation of protoplast using A review: protoplast isolation by using different explant A review: protoplast isolation by using different explant and was focusing on different explants of major crops. It shows what types of explant is suitable and meets the preferences on demanded yield of protoplasts. Protoplast was important in regenerating and improving the traits of wanted crops with the hope of bringing benefits for the future of agrotechnology, economic and research purposes. Despite all the research conducted, still improvement and recommendations is needed to gain more successful result s in technology of culturing tissues. As for this review, the focal of view were on several types of major crops such as oil palm, paddy commodity crop such as pineapple

Expropriation of minority shareholders' rights: Evidence from Malaysia

The objectives of this study are to investigate the factors and the extent level of expropriation of minority shareholders’ rights in context of Malaysia.Analysis of sixty companies listed from two industries in Bursa Malaysia was selected.Descriptive analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model are performed in this study The variables tested are ownership concentration, firm size, board independence, profitability, level of leverage and firm growth.From these variables, only three variables can be concluded as factors influencing the expropriation of minority shareholders' rights in Malaysia. The number of independent outside directors increases the potential for expropriation of minority shareholders' rights.However, this relationship became opposite when the directors have a different characteristic among boards that affect their independence level.Profitability and growth are highly correlated.When the model is estimated using either one of them, the result is significantly negative, which means that profitable or growing firms have less incentives to engage in related party transactions

The determinants of intellectual capital disclosure among Malaysian listed companies

The objectives of this study are to identify the determinants and the extent of intellectual capital disclosure among Malaysian listed firms. The variables tested in this study are (1) age (2) size (3) leverage (4) profit; (5) ownership and (6) growth. A sample of 150 companies listed in Bursa Malaysia was selected consisting of five industries: Information Technology, Consumer Product, Industrial Product, Trading/Services and Finance. The result show that about 72.6 percent of the companies selected disclosed intellectual capital in their annual reports. That data show that our variables are determinants of intellectual age, size, director ownership and growth

Survival of bifidobacteria and other selected intestinal bacteria in TPY medium supplemented with curcumin as assessed in vitro

The growth of two Bifidobacterium strains (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4) and other selected intestinal bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei shirota, Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 and Escherichia coli K-12) were studied in TPY medium containing various concentrations of curcumin (0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1% (w/v). Viable cell counts of the bacteria and their respective pH medium were determined during incubation period of 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h incubated at 37°C. In the presence of curcumin, cultures showed various degrees of growth inhibition compared to in TPY medium without curcumin. E. faecalis and B. longum BB536 were survived better than the other bacteria tested. Among the bacteria tested, L. acidophilus recorded the most sensitive to curcumin. The presence of curcumin did not change the pH of the medium as compared to the basal TPY. The ability of the bacteria to degrade curcumin after 48h incubation was studied using spectrophotometric method measured at 400.4 nm wavelength. The overall percentage reduction of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1% of curcumin by the bacteria tested was 56-60, 18-24, 15-16 and 12-14, respectively

Effects of selected herbs and vegetables on the nutritional quality of beef burger and rat bioassay

Rat bioassay was used to evaluate the nutritional quality of beef burger as influenced by the addition of selected herbs and vegetables. The selected herbs and vegetables used were pucuk ubi (Mannihot esculenta), pucuk gajus (Anacardium occidentale), pegaga (Centella asiatica) and jantung pisang (Musa paradisiaca) as treatment group with casein and skimmed milk as reference. The rats were fed with herbs and vegetables at the rate of 0.5 (low dose) and 25 (high dose) g/kg body weight. The samples were analyzed for proximate analysis, protein quality and protein digestibility. The rats fed with pucuk ubi (high dose) (364.30 ± 25.34 g) indicated the highest mean of increased body weight (121.05 ± 14.65 g) while rats fed with skimmed milk (310.98 ± 18.92 g) showed the lowest mean increase in body weight (88.33 ± 14.25 g). As for the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) value, all the rats fed with herbs diet showed PER values that were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the casein. As for the in vivo apparent protein digestibility test, casein showed the highest digestibility value (86.33 ± 4.20) while pucuk gajus (high dose) (59.59 ± 5.41) showed the lowest. As for the in vitro digestibility analyses, casein indicated the highest value for in vitro digestibility (93.84 ± 0.33). Administration of herbs and vegetables at low and high doses show significant effects (p<0.05) on nutritional quality of beef burger. In conclusion, it was found that antinutritional factors in selected herbs and vegetables might affect the nutritional quality of beef burger

INVESTASI PADA PASAR MODAL SYARIAH

xiv,; 252 hlm,; 21 c