A user-centered design: Methodological tools to design and develop computer games for motor-impaired users

User-Centered Design (UCD) is a term to describe design processes which focus on designing for and involving users in the design of applications The implementation of UCD in the game design process can enhance the user experience especially for special needs users such as motor-impaired users (MIU).This is very important, since the user experience will eventually be a significant element in the computer game’s success.The main objective of this study is to investigate UCD as a methodological tool to design and develop enjoyable games for MIU.The findings of the study showed users’ feedback on game design for MIU while applying UCD methods to game improvement and evaluation.Hopefully, the results of the study will emphasize the need for developing enjoyable game designs for MIU

Ciri-ciri fizikokimia, aktiviti antioksida dan indeks glisemik produk minuman berasaskan buah-buahan yang disebutkan dalam Al-Quran

Sejak akhir-akhir ini, trend pengambilan produk makanan berasaskan buah-buahan yang disebutkan dalam al-Quran (PMBQ) semakin meningkat dalam kalangan Muslim Malaysia. Produk-produk makanan ini didakwa mempunyai kesan yang baik untuk kesihatan seperti buah-buahan sebenar. Walaubagaimanapun, bukti saintifik yang menyokong dakwaan ini amat berkurangan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan ciri-ciri fizikokimia, aktiviti antioksida dan indeks glisemik (IG) lima produk jus campuran PMBQ tempatan. Sampel dianalisis untuk pH, warna, kelikatan, jumlah pepejal larut dan asid askorbik. Aktiviti antioksida ditentukan menggunakan asai 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil and kuasa antioksida penurunan ferik. Jumlah kandungan fenolik (JKF) juga diukur. IG ditentukan menggunakan kaedah pencucukan jari. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa produk kajian mempunyai pH, warna dan kelikatan yang boleh diterima. Walaubagaimanapun, aktiviti antioksida dan JKF produk adalah rendah berbanding dengan jus buah-buahan segar. Hanya Produk C mempunyai IG yang rendah (45.4) manakala produk lain mempunyai nilai IG yang tinggi (>70). Kesimpulannya, produk kajian mempunyai ciri-ciri fizikokimia yang baik. Namun begitu, kualiti pemakanannya tidak sama seperti buah-buahan sebenar, yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh pemprosesan makanan. Individu terutamanya pesakit diabetes dinasihatkan untuk berhati-hati dengan produk-produk seperti ini kerana ia boleh meningkatkan paras glukosa darah. Sebaliknya, pengambilan buah-buahan asli adalah pilihan yang lebih baik dalam pengawalan kesihatan

Disease Detection of Solanaceous Crops Using Deep Learning for Robot Vision

Traditionally, the farmers manage the crops from the early growth stage until the mature harvest stage by manually identifying and monitoring plant diseases, nutrient deficiencies, controlled irrigation, and controlled fertilizers and pesticides. Even the farmers have difficulty detecting crop diseases using their naked eyes due to several similar crop diseases. Identifying the correct diseases is crucial since it can improve the quality and quantity of crop production. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, all crop-managing tasks can be automated using a robot that mimics a farmer's ability. However, designing a robot with human capability, especially in detecting the crop's diseases in real-time, is another challenge to consider. Other research works are focusing on improving the mean average precision and the best result reported so far is 93% of mean Average Precision (mAP) by YOLOv5. This paper focuses on object detection of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture-based to detect the disease of solanaceous crops for robot vision. This study's contribution involved reporting the developmental specifics and a suggested solution for issues that appear along with the conducted study. In addition, the output of this study is expected to become the algorithm of the robot's vision. This study uses images of four crops (tomato, potato, eggplant, and pepper), including 23 classes of healthy and diseased crops infected on the leaf and fruits. The dataset utilized combines the public dataset (PlantVillage) and self-collected samples. The total dataset of all 23 classes is 16580 images divided into three parts: training set, validation set, and testing set. The dataset used for training is 88% of the total dataset (15000 images), 8% of the dataset performed a validation process (1400 images), and the rest of the 4% dataset is for the test process (699 images). The performances of YOLOv5 were more robust in terms of 94.2% mAP, and the speed was slightly faster than Scaled-YOLOv4. This object detection-based approach has proven to be a promising solution in efficiently detecting crop disease in real-time

Effects of selected herbs and vegetables on the nutritional quality of beef burger and rat bioassay

Rat bioassay was used to evaluate the nutritional quality of beef burger as influenced by the addition of selected herbs and vegetables. The selected herbs and vegetables used were pucuk ubi (Mannihot esculenta), pucuk gajus (Anacardium occidentale), pegaga (Centella asiatica) and jantung pisang (Musa paradisiaca) as treatment group with casein and skimmed milk as reference. The rats were fed with herbs and vegetables at the rate of 0.5 (low dose) and 25 (high dose) g/kg body weight. The samples were analyzed for proximate analysis, protein quality and protein digestibility. The rats fed with pucuk ubi (high dose) (364.30 ± 25.34 g) indicated the highest mean of increased body weight (121.05 ± 14.65 g) while rats fed with skimmed milk (310.98 ± 18.92 g) showed the lowest mean increase in body weight (88.33 ± 14.25 g). As for the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) value, all the rats fed with herbs diet showed PER values that were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the casein. As for the in vivo apparent protein digestibility test, casein showed the highest digestibility value (86.33 ± 4.20) while pucuk gajus (high dose) (59.59 ± 5.41) showed the lowest. As for the in vitro digestibility analyses, casein indicated the highest value for in vitro digestibility (93.84 ± 0.33). Administration of herbs and vegetables at low and high doses show significant effects (p<0.05) on nutritional quality of beef burger. In conclusion, it was found that antinutritional factors in selected herbs and vegetables might affect the nutritional quality of beef burger

Terapi seni vaksin emosi buat sang pendidik : satu perkongsian melalui lukisan

Peningkatan kes pandemik Covid-19 telah merubah norma kehidupan rakyat Malaysia. Jika tidak dikawal dengan baik, ianya mampu menyumbang kepada masalah kesihatan mental. Golongan pendidik juga tidak terlepas dari semua ini, memandangkan mereka terlibat secara langsung dengan norma baharu tersebut. Ini termasuklah bekerja dari rumah (BDR) dan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di rumah (PdPR). Justeru, terapi seni melalui lukisan adalah salah satu kaedah dimana penulis menenangkan diri dan menyedari perasaan sendiri. Ianya juga satu kaedah yang digunakan untuk meluahkan perasaan secara sukarela tanpa dihakimi. Teknik ini selalunya digunakan dalam kauseling untuk tujuan penyembuhan dan juga diagnosis. Lukisan yang dilukis hanya menggunakan peralatan asas seperti cat warna air, pensil warna dan juga pensil. Lakaran lukisan yang bertemakan floral dan pemandangan alam semulajadi adalah hasil utama yang dihasilkan. Ianya bertujuan menggambarkan penghayatan terhadap keindahan alam ciptaan Tuhan. Sekurang-kurangnya satu lukisan pada sekeping kertas kecil dihasilkan setiap hari. Diharapkan perkongsian ini dapat membantu pendidik mengurangkan tekanan emosi dan lebih sedar terhadap perasaan sendiri. Selain itu, terapi seni ini dapat membina keupayaan dan keyakinan diri yang lebih tinggi

Accounting for Islamic finance

This book is an effort to document the application of the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) on Islamic finance transactions in Islamic banking, takaful entities and Islamic asset management in Malaysia. There are 15 chapters in this book which are divided into four parts. Part I, which covers Chapters 1 to 3, provides a background on Islamic finance development in Malaysia and sets the scene to the rest of the chapters in this book. Chapter 1 discusses the differences between Islamic and conventional financial institutions which comprise banking, takaful and asset management companies. Chapter 2 explains Malaysia’s journey on Islamic banking where, among others, it entails discussion on development of regulatory requirements on Islamic finance since 1983 and using accrual accounting for Islamic finance transactions. While Chapter 3 focuses on the adoption of accounting standards by the Islamic financial institutions and its implications on Islamic finance. Parts II to IV that cover 12 chapters, discuss the application of MFRSs on assets, liabilities, income, expenses and equity of Islamic banks, takaful entities and Islamic asset management companies. The discussion on assets, liabilities and equity look at definition/nature, recognition, measurement as well as presentation and disclosure of the items in the financial statements of these entities. Parts II and III that cover Islamic banking and takaful entities respectively, also include an introduction chapter on understanding of Islamic banks’ and takaful entities’ financial statements as well as a brief discussion on future consideration of accounting standards for those entities, given the continuous development of the accounting standards affecting them. It is our hope that this book would instil the knowledge of applying MFRSs on Islamic finance transactions among the students of universities and institute of higher learning as well as provide useful reference materials in teaching the application of MFRS on Islamic finance transactions. In addition, this book could be a point of reference that explains and clarifies the rationale behind current applications of MFRS for Islamic finance either for Islamic financial institutions or other industries

An evaluation of government low cost housing layout plans and facilities in Kuala Lumpur

In Malaysia, low cost housing development is undertaken by both the public and private sectors. Since 1984, Kuala Lumpur Plan (KLSP) has been trying to ensure that sufficient houses would be provided for all income groups in Kuala Lumpur . Thus, Kuala Lumpur’s residents could be properly served in terms of infrastructure, utilities and community facilities. Based on the Ninth Malaysia Plan, space standard for low cost housing for new projects has been revised from minimum of 650 square foot, to 700 square foot per unit. The same space standard also applies to housing units allocated for people with disabilities (PwD) . The objective of this research is to identify the minimum comfort size of house of PPR (Program Perumahan Rakyat), both for the general public’s unit and PWD’s unit. In addition, this research also intends to determine the suitable ratio for car parking in government low cost high-rise housing. Besides, this research will propose recommendation to improve housing size and car parking provision. These findings can help government and related agencies to better understand the current issues in low-cost housing, based on people’s perspectives. It is hoped that the findings of this research may help government agencies to improve the implementation and provision of low-cost housing development in Malaysia

Effect of Taper Pin Ratio on AA7075 Aluminium Alloy Friction Stir Welding

This study focuses on the effect of pin taper tool ratio on friction stir welding of aluminum AA7075. Two pieces of AA7075 alloy with thickness of 6 mm were friction stir welded by using conventional milling machine. The shoulder diameter used in this experiment is fixed at 18mm. The taper pin ratio used are varied at 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2 and 6:1. The rotational speeds that were used in this study were 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1400 rpm, respectively. The welding speeds used are 60 mm/min, 80 mm/min and 100 mm/min. Microstructure observation of welded area was studied by using optical microscope. To evaluate the mechanical properties of this specimen, tensile test was used in this study. Welded specimens using taper pin ratio 6:2 shows higher tensile strength compared to other taper pin ratio up to 197 MPa. Moreover, specimens using taper pin ratio 6:1 showed better tensile test compared to the ones using taper pin ratio above 6:3. The optimum parameters were found to be taper pin ratio 6:2 with 1000 rpm of rotational speed and 60mm/min welding spee

A New Sensing Material Based on Tetraaza/SBA15 for Rapid Detection of Copper(II) Ion in Water

A novel rapid and sensitive optical sensor for Cu2+ ion detection based on 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-7,14-dienium dibromide (TL) immobilized on Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) has been successfully developed. The inner and outer space of SBA15 allowed a high capacity of TL compound to immobilize onto it. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was performed to confirm the morphology of TL-SBA15, while FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was utilized to confirm the interaction of TL–SBA15. A binding study of TL compound towards Cu2+ ion was performed via UV-vis solution study and binding titration. The stoichiometric binding ratio and binding constant value Kb of TL towards Cu2+ ion was 1:1 and 2.33 × 103 M−1, respectively. The optical reflectance sensor based on the TL compound is selective to Cu2+ ion and demonstrated a linear response over a Cu2+ ion concentration range of 1 × 10−7 M to 2 × 10−5 M, with a detection limit (LOD) of 1.02 × 10−7 M (R2 = 0.99) and fast response time of 2+ ion by using 0.1 M EDTA with a pH of 6 as a regeneration solution, with a reversibility RSD value of 0.79%. The developed optical sensor provides a rapid and sensitive tool for Cu2+ ion detection in teabag samples, and the results align with those obtained by the ICP-MS standard method

A comparative study of microwave-assisted and conventional heating methods of the synthesis of 1-(Naphthalene-1-Yl)-3-(O, M, P-Tolyl)thioureas, DFT analysis, antibacterial evaluation and drug-likeness assessment

New isomers of naphthalene-monothioureas, 3a-3c, were synthesized and characterized by using infrared (IR), 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopies (MS). The compounds were obtained from the reaction of o-, m-, p- toluidine with naphthyl isothiocyanate using conventional reflux and microwave-assisted irradiation methods. Microwave-assisted reaction gave higher yields with reduces the reaction time compared to the conventional heating method. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with 6-31G(d, p) basic set at the B3LYP level is carried out to optimize the structure of isomers and calculate the IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. The DFT B3LYP calculation of FTIR, 1 H and 13C NMR spectra of 3a-3c isomers were in accordance with the experimental data. The calculation of frontier molecular orbitals was also selected to study a relationship as a molecular descriptor in antibacterial activity. The isomers were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity by using Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Inhibition activity was displayed for compound 3c with the value of inhibition zone 7 ± 0.34 mm at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. All compounds appeared to be in agreement with Lipinski’s rule of five assessments as they adhered to most of the rules that can be preliminarily classified as active drug-like