Common rules for 'out of home' catering

Could common EU rules for organic catering be possible? Are they needed or even desired? There are several initiatives in Europe that work on the exchange of information between the different EU countries with regard to catering standards and certification, and these are setting the groundwork for a long-term harmonised regulation

Consumer Credit in the European Union. ECRI Research Report No. 1, 1 February 2000

[From the Introduction]. Economic deregulation in many industrialised countries during the 1980s, the liberalisation of capital movements within the European Union (EU) in 1990, and the establishment of the single market for financial services have radically transformed the regulatory framework of European financial markets. One of the main objectives of the single market programme (1985) was the opening of national markets in order to create a European financial area with the free provision of financial services. Its implementation started in 1993 with the application of the second banking directive.1 In this context, monetary union is often seen as the accomplishment of the process of European financial integration. The elimination of exchange risk should indeed boost cross-border competition. The nature and speed of integration differ between wholesale and retail financial markets. Despite the pressure towards convergence stemming from monetary unification, national differences and market segmentation still characterise retail credit markets across EU member states. A first objective of this study is to compare the structure and developments of consumer credit markets in the EU

Obesity and the labour market: a comparative study of the European Health Interview Survey

Obesity has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health”. The increasingly growing rates of obese people in the last few decades (remarkably in developed countries), has raised concerns among researchers and national health systems, and the analysis of its causes and consequences for human health has become a priority. Similarly, in socioeconomic investigation we find that obesity has been considered as a key factor for living conditions from a social and economic perspective. In previous research, we analysed if being obese had an impact on the probability of participating in the Spanish labour market, using data taken from the first edition of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS 2009). Our results indicated that high rates of BMI (obesity) implied lower probabilities of occupational participation, especially for working-age females living in Spain. The aim of this study is to continue our work, using data taken from the second edition of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS 2014). Same, body mass index (BMI) is being used as an indicator for nutritional status, and we carry out both a descriptive and an econometric analysis using probit and tobit models for limited dependent variables (LDV). We intend to compare the results from both surveys lengthwise.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Analysis of prepositions: near and away from Frames of reference.

XXII Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials (Any 2017)Traditional strategies and procedures to learn a foreign language include the study of rules of grammar and doing exercises such as filling the gaps, repetition of words, drills, memorization of irregular verbs and sentences which may express usual expressions of everyday life. Even if the array of exercises is adequate, polysemy in prepositions causes difficulties in choosing the proper preposition conveying the meaning required by different contexts. Two prepositions of the horizontal axis (near and away from) are taken into consideration in this paper. Approaching the problem from the theory of polysemy and understanding, the use of these prepositions is explored along the dimensions of function, topology – which is the study of physical space–, and force dynamics – introduced in studies such as Navarro (1998)–, as well as the notion of frame of reference (Levinson, 2004). Then, the different senses and uses of these prepositions of the horizontal axis are systematized, explained and examples are used to illustrate the difficulties in learning a language and the doubts which students may have in some situations

The function of direct speech in Bacchylides' poetry: the case of ode 5 and ode 18

This paper is aimed at analysing Bacchylides’ narrative choices and the role played by and the effects of direct speech in two poems of his, namely ode 5 and ode 18. The use of direct speech in these odes allows the poet to achieve narrative effects that would be unthinkable by resorting only to an extradiegetic narrator and to pure narrative. The investigation of narrative structures can therefore help to understand in depth the aims of Bacchylides’ poetry and how he achieves them. The occasion and the aims of the two odes considered are different. Ode 5 is a victory ode: the insertion of the mythical narrative, with its pessimistic and subdued tone, is aimed at offsetting the excitement caused by a sports victory, which is a typical process of epinician poetry. Conversely, ode 18 is designed to celebrate a civic community, a glorification of Athens by celebrating its mythical founder and its youth filled with warlike ardour. In odes 5 and 18 a tragic effect is achieved, first and foremost, thanks to the poet’s masterly use of several narrative levels and in particular the narrative mode of mimesis adopted by resorting to direct speech. This mode highlights the gap of knowledge between characters on the one hand and the narrator and the audience on the other, thereby creating an effect of dramatic irony that reminds us of the best achievements of Attic tragedy

Detection and measurement of digital imbalances on a local scale related to the mechanism for production and distribution of cultural information

Through different projects, the iArtHis_Lab (www.iarthislab.es) research group has been analyzing the mechanisms for the production and distribution of cultural information on the Internet since 2015. Furthermore, this research group has considered the possibilities of reusing this information in the form of structured data to generate new knowledge and value through computational processing techniques. The interest of this research is derived from two main motivations. First, there is the need to examine and unveil the informational gaps that the digital society is producing in the cultural field. Secondly, there is the need to evaluate the potential connections between such inequalities and the development of the so-called creative economy.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Andalucía Tech. Centro de Estudios Andaluces of the Junta de Andalucía (Spain) [Metodologías de datos aplicadas al análisis de las exposiciones artísticas para el desarrollo de la economía creativa, PRY128-17]

Hospital financial pressures and the health of the uninsured. Who gets hurt? The case of California

The United States relies on charitable medical care to serve the uninsured, most of which is offered by hospitals that act as providers of last resort and that constitute the safety net. This paper analyzes the effect that hospital financial stress has on the health of the uninsured. In particular we look at managed care. Managed care penetration has often been blamed for increasing financial pressures on hospitals and previous work has shown that safety net hospitals have been affected more severely by it. Our findings are threefold: first, we find that managed care financial pressures encourage charity care patients to concentrate in public hospitals. Second, we find that these hospitals, in turn, see a decrease in their quality of care in areas where managed care penetration is stronger. Finally, we also find that managed care diffusion has a negative effect on the quality of care received by the uninsured - as measured by the probability of dying after a heart attack - and of those that go to government hospitals.uninsured; hospitals; financial care; quality;