PEMANFAATAN KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea) UNTUK BIOADSORPSI LOGAM KALSIUM DAN MAGNESIUM

Masyarakat Indonesia banyak menggunakan air tanah sebagai sumber air untuk keperluan rumah tangga dan industri. Kontaminan air tanah penyebab kesadahan berupa ion-ion divalen Ca2+ dan Mg2+ menimbulkan masalah bagi penggunaan domestik dan industri, seperti terbentuknya kerak pada peralatan dan konsumsi deterjen yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu metode yang efektif untuk melunakkan air sadah adalah adsorpsi menggunakan biosorben. Biosorben yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) yang mengandung berbagai gugus fungsi sehingga efektif mengadsorpsi ion-ion logam Ca2+ dan Mg2+ dalam matriks air sadah. Adsorpsi dengan metode batch dilakukan melalui berbagai variasi berat adsorben, pH, dan waktu pengadukan. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada pH 9 dan berat kulit kacang tanah sebanyak 1 g. Nilai kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap ion Ca2+ dan Mg2+ masing-masing sebesar 3,62 dan 2,89 mg/g. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kulit kacang tanah sangat berpotensi sebagai biosorben yang ramah lingkungan, mudah, dan murah untuk menyerap logam Ca dan Mg

Steroid dari Kulit Batang Aglaia glabrata dan Aktivitas Sitotoksinya terhadap Sel Kanker Leukemia P-388

Steroid saponin baru, b-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-galaktopiranosil-(1-4)-beta-D-glukopiranosida (1), bersama dengan empat steroid yang diketahui (2-5) diisolasi dari kulit batang dari Aglaia glabrata. Struktur kimia senyawa baru dijelaskan berdasarkan data-data spektroskopi. Semua senyawa diuji aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker leukemia murine P-388. Diantara senyawa yang diisolasi tersebut, stigmasterol (4) menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik terkuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 12.2 mg/mL

Alkylamide from Fruit of Zanthoxyllum acanthopodium (Andaliman)

Senyawa alkilamida tidak jenuh  yang dikenal sebagai ZP-amida F telah berhasil diisolasi dari buah tumbuhan andaliman (Zanthoxyllum acanthopodium). Penemuan senyawa ini adalah yang pertama kali pada tumbuhan ini. Penentuan struktur senyawa didasarkan pada data spektroskopi 1H-NMR dan perbandingan nilai geseran kimia dengan standar.An unsaturated alkylamide namely ZP-amida F, was isolated from the fruit of Zanthoxyllum acanthopodium. Discovery of this compound is first time in this plant. Determination of the structure using 1H-NMR and comparison with standard

Levodopa nanoencapsulation in nanostarch as anti-Parkinsonian drugs candidate

1056-1060Parkinson's disease is caused by damage to the dopaminergic nerves in brain. Levodopa has been widely used to treat Parkinson's disease. The levodopa nano encapsulation aims to improve drug-delivery efficiency thereby increasing the concentration of released levodopa in the brain. This study aims to obtain the optimum conditions for levodopa nano encapsulation in nanostarch, the characteristics of levodopa–starch nanocapsules, encapsulation efficiency, and its drugrelease capabilities. Levodopa nano encapsulation has been carried out by ultrasonication method. Characterization has been carried out by FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The encapsulation efficiency is measured through changes in levodopa concentrations using a UV-Vis spectrometer. The drug release profile has been measured at pH 1.2 and 7.4 for 5 hours. The optimum conditions for levodopa nano encapsulation in nanostarch have been obtained at a mass ratio of nanostarch, maltodextrin and levodopa of 1:3:1. The SEM and TEM characterization show that levodopa–starch nanocapsules have a spherical morphology with the particle size ranged from 17.77-49.43 nm. The FTIR characterization show the presence of new peaks for C=O stretch and N-H bend. The highest encapsulation efficiency has been obtained at 46.11%. Drug release capability has been obtained by 40.93% in pH 1.2 media and 48.28% in pH 7.4 media for 5 hours of released time

In silico proteolysis and molecular interaction of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin collagen-derived peptides for environmental remediation

Fish skin collagen hydrolyzate has demonstrated the potent inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), one of the treatments for type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM), but the precise mechanism is still unclear. This study used in silico method to evaluate the potential of the active peptides from tilapia skin collagen (Oreochromis niloticus) for DPP-IV inhibitor. The methodology includes collagen hydrolysis using BIOPEP, which is the data-base of bioactive peptides; active peptide selection; toxicity, allergenicity, sensory analysis of active peptides; and binding of active peptides to DPP-IV compared with linagliptin. The result indicated that in silico enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen produced active peptides with better prediction of biological activity than intact collagen. There are 13 active peptides were predicted as non-toxic and non-allergenic, some of which have a bitter, salty, and undetectable taste. Docking simulations showed all active peptides interacted with DPP-IV through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic force, π-sulfur, and unfavorable interaction, where WF (Trp-Phe), VW (Val-Trp), WY (Trp-Tyr), and WG (Trp-Gly) displayed higher binding affinities of 0.8; 0.5; 0.4; and 0.3 kcal/mol compared with linagliptin. In this study, we successfully demonstrated antidiabetic type-2 DM potential of the active peptides from tilapia skin collagen. The obtained data provided preliminary data for further research in the utilization of fish skin waste as a functional compound to treat the type-2 DM patients. Alternatively, this treatment can be synergistically combined with the available antidiabetic drugs to improve the insulin secretion of the type-2 DM patients