Water Quality and Status Aquatic Fauna of Dhaka Mega City, Bangladesh

This research focused of the effect of water pollution on aquatic fauna at Dhaka mega city, Bangladesh. Dhaka is an over populated capital city of Bangladesh. The rapid urban expansion, highly demographic growth, industrial development of this mega city have been including in a polluted city. The industrial and municipal waste material have polluted the wetlands basin of this city. Aquatic fauna of these wetlands basin are endanger for pollutant substances. The aquatic records and have been collected by field observation.  The water quality of this mega city have been explored by sample collection and lab analysis. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) are less than standard level. As a result the water body fully toxic that condition is not free for living organism. On the other way, the availability of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are catastrophically high from standard level. So the water quality fully polluted and it is not sustainable for aquatic fauna

Underwater Glider Modelling And Analysis For Variable Control Parameters

Underwater glider is a type of autonomous underwater vehicle that can glide by controlling their buoyancy and attitude using internal actuators. By changing the vehicle’s buoyancy intermittently, forward motion can be achieved. Deriving the mathematical model directly from the system can be too complicated due to time constraints in prototyping development processes. This thesis presents the early development of the USM underwater glider platform consist of prototype development involves vehicle concept design using SolidworksTM, vehicle simulations by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and alternative way of modelling known as system identification in order to obtain the underwater glider system model. The appropriate control parameters for underwater glider control were determined by selecting the ballast rate as the input. Three aspects of the dynamics of a glider will be observed, i.e. net buoyancy, depth of the glider and pitching angle. The best three parametric models that are able to estimate the system correctly are chosen, and the fit between measured and estimated outputs is presented in order to get an optimal underwater glider vehicle model for USM underwater glider platform

Coastline Dynamics and Raising Landform: A Geo-informatics Based Study on the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

The southern part of Bangladesh is bounded by the Bay of Bengal. Three major river systems such as; Brahmaputra-Jamuna, Ganges-Padma and Surma-Kusiara have been developed the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) floodplain, this are 80% area of Bangladesh. These rivers carry huge sediments from upper Himalayan region during at monsoon period. On the contrary, as the costal part of Bangladesh is open to the sea, so high wave actions, strong wind flow, tidal actions are prevailing here. Consequently, coastline of this part is unstable and dynamic. Coastline change dynamics is significant for disaster management, coastal planning and environmental management. For the delineation of coastline identification, Rennell’s map (1776), Landsat MSS (1976) and Landsat OLI (2016) images have been interpreted using the tools of Remote Sensing Technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) of Geo-informatics. During 240 years from 1776 to 2016 about 3892 km2 landform have been raised in coastal area of Bangladesh

Responding to Agency Avoidance of OIRA

Concerns have recently been raised that US federal agencies may sometimes avoid regulatory review by the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA). In this article, we assess the seriousness of such potential avoidance, and we recommend a framework for evaluating potential responses. After summarizing the system of presidential regulatory oversight through OIRA review, we analyze the incentives for agencies to cooperate with or avoid OIRA. We identify a wider array of agency avoidance tactics than has past scholarship, and a wider array of corresponding response options available to OIRA, the President, Congress, and the courts. We argue that, because the relationship between agencies and OIRA involves ongoing repeat player interactions, some of these avoidance tactics are less likely to occur (or to succeed) than has previously been alleged, and others are more likely; the difference depends significantly on how easy it is for OIRA to detect avoidance, and for OIRA, the courts, and others to respond. Further, we note that in this repeat player relationship, responses to agency avoidance tactics may induce further strategic moves and countermoves. Thus we further argue that the optimal response may not always be to try to eliminate the avoidance behavior; some avoidance may be worth tolerating where the benefits of trying to reduce agency avoidance would not justify the costs of response options and countermoves. We therefore conclude that responses to agency avoidance should be evaluated in a way similar to what OIRA asks of agencies evaluating proposed regulations: by weighing the pros and cons of alternative response options (including no action)

Towards a compatible landscape in Malaysia: an idea, challenge and imperatives

In Malaysia, awareness of the need to enhance quality of life has led to the ecological development as an initiative for a sustainable environment. This paper presents a brief conceptual review of the issues and imperatives involved in determining the value of traditional rural landscape typologies that could enhance urban areas and maintain a cultural link with tradition

The Rise of Rooftop Urban Farming at George Town, Penang

Urban farming is growing in popularity for taking advantage of unused spaces on the rooftop in cities. This issue is becoming fundamentals due to the scarcity of land issue, urbanisation and urban poverty. This paper presents a brief method used in exploring the potential of implementing urban farming on the rooftop areas. The research aims to measure the potential of the rooftop as urban farming at George Town, Penang. This study adopted quantitative method using the questionnaire to conduct a survey. The result shows significant findings of reliability test of Cronbach's Alpha

‘Balik Kampong’: is Malaysia facing the trends of de-urbanization?

Malaysia is a fast-grown developing country which took only 30 years to shift from predominantly agriculture-based to manufactured-dependent society. This kampong to urban migration has created a new generation of urban society who had disconnected themselves from the traditional subsistence farming but kept maintaining an occasional connection with their hometown. With new jobs, environment and lifestyle, these urban migrants’ life and livelihood in cities improved and expanded. Growth in urban population and affluence raised the demand for housing, food and technological goods. With increased growth in demand, came an increased challenge in resource management to satisfy needs. A recent debate has highlighted issues on oil depletion and competition from neighboring countries that indicates a possible economic decline. This situation has triggered discussions about limits to urbanization and the possibility of urban and peri-urban food production in order to re-localize urban areas. Therefore, there is an emerging of decentralization of cities and population in Malaysia. This paper questions whether there is a further progression towards ‘de-urbanization’ or a return to a new form of rural life that takes advantage of new technologies to assists new way of life and improves the standard of living in kampong

The relationship of heritage trees in urban heat island mitigation effect at Taiping, Perak, Malaysia / Nor Suhaida Yusof, Nur Huzeima Mohd Hussain and Noradila Rusli

Every tree species provide different cooling effect depending on their tree characteristics. Evergreen species such as heritage trees are significant in reducing the surface temperature. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship of heritage treesin mitigating urban heat island at Taiping Old Town. The research had been conducted through Landsat 8 OLI and field data collection. Thisresearch integrated the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing in data processing and analysis. The results show the low significant relationship of tree characteristics and Land Surface Temperature (LST) with (R²=0.17) which indicate that external factors may also influence the changes in temperature