SIMVASTATIN ATTENUATES RENAL FAILURE IN MICE WITH A 5/6 SUBTOTAL NEPHRECTOMY

Objective: The objective of this study to investigate the effect of simvastatin on kidney fibrosis in mice with a 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy.Methods: Thirty adults (3 mo old) male Swiss mice were submitted to a 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy and studied after 14 d. Animals were divided into five groups: 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN, n=6), sham operation (SH, n=6), simvastatin 5.2 mg/kg body weight (SIM-1, n=6), simvastatin 10.4 mg/kg body weight (SIM-2, n=6), and simvastatin 20.8 mg/kg body weight (SIM-3, n=6) groups. At sacrifice, kidneys were harvested for morphology (glomerulosclerosis (GS), tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis), immunostaining (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGF-Rβ) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (MCP-1, ICAM-1, nephrin, and podocin) analysis.Results: Glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis in the simvastatin group was significantly lower than SN group (p<0.05). Simvastatin significantly reduced α-SMA expression (3.61±1.06 vs 7.91±1.26, p<0.05, SIM-1 vs SN; 2.86±0.61 vs 7.91±1.26, p<0.05, SIM-2 vs SN; 1.71±0.50 vs 7.91±1.26, p<0.05, SIM-3 vs SN), MCP-1 was markedly expressed in the 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy kidneys and was reduced with simvastatin (1.4±0.64 vs 0.57±0.23, p<0.05, SN vs SIM-1; 1.4±0.64 vs 0.6±0.26, p<0.05, SN vs SIM-2; 1.4±0.64 vs 0.52±0.21, SN vs SIM-3, p<0.05). Simvastatin did not increase nephrin expression, but it increased podocin expression significantly in the SIM-3 group.Conclusion: Simvastatin significantly attenuated GS, tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis through the downregulation of myofibroblast expansion and inflammatory mediators in mice with a 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy

The effects of furosemide on kidney damage in acute kidney injury rat models

The most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) is ischemia reperfusion injuriesthat causes inflammation. Furosemide is still used in AKI’s therapy. The advantages anddisadvantages of furosemide in AKI remain controversial. The aim of the study was toinvestigate the effect of furosemide on kidney damage in AKI rat models. Twenty-fivemale (2-3 months old) Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; sham operation(SO, n=5), ischemic-reperfusion (IR, n=5), IR+furosemide 3.6 mg/kgBW (IR+F1,n=5), IR+furosemide 7.2 mg/kgBW (IR+F2, n=5), and IR+furosemide 14.4 mg/kgBW(IR+F3, n=5). Abdominal surgery was performed under ketamine anesthesia to produceischemic reperfusion (IR) by mean of renal artery clamping for 45 min. Urine output,serum creatinine level, tubular injury score, and TLR4 gene expression were examinedto investigate kidney damage. Periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining was measured toexamine kidney tubular injury. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level of p0.05) creatinine clearance compared to IR (0.009±0.003) while administration of 14.4mg/kgBW furosemide (0.009±0.004) denoted equal creatinine clearance to IR (p>0,05).Kidney tubular injury score of 3.6 mg/kgBW furosemide (2.89±0.13) was lower (p>0.05)than IR (3.26±0.19) whereas 7.2 mg/kgBW and 14.4 mg/kgBW furosemide (3.55±0.26;3.83±0.19) were higher (p0.05) and 14.4 mg/kgBW furosemide (1.63±0.12) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than IR. In conclusion,administration of 3.6 mg/kgBW furosemide reduces kidney damage in AKI rat modelswhile higher dosages (7.2 mg/kgBW and 14.4 mg/kgBW) increase kidney damage

DAUN JATI DAN PASIR SEBAGAI FILTER UNTUK PENURUNAN KADAR BESI (Fe) AIR SUMUR GALI

Latar Belakang: Air merupakan sumberdaya yang sangat penting bagi makhluk hidup. Ada beberapa parameter yang perlu diperhatikan pada penggunaan air sumur sesuai dengan standar baku mutu parameter kimia diantaranya kadar besi (Fe). Apabila konsentrasi besi (Fe) dalam air melebihi batas tersebut maka akan menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan, ekonomis maupun teknis. Tujuan Penelitian: Diketahuinya perbedaan varian ketebalan media filtrasi daun jati dan pasir terhadap penurunan kadar besi (Fe) dengan ketebalan filter A, filter B, dan filter C pada air sumur gali di Dusun Sawit, Panggungharjo, Sewon. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain Pre Test-Post Test Group Design. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021- Januari 2022. Obyek dalam penelitian ini adalah sumur gali milik ibu Y yang berlokasi di Dusun Sawit, Panggungharjo, Sewon, Bantul. Penelitian dilakukan dengan media daun jati dan pasir dengan tiga varian ketebalan yaitu Filter A, Filter B, dan filter C. Hasil Penelitian: Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan atau sama-sama dapat menurunkan kadar besi (Fe) antara variasi ketebalan filter A, filter B, dan filter C pada air sumur gali di Dusun Sawit, Panggungharjo, Sewon. Hasil uji One Way Anova (p-value= 0,379 > α= 0,05). Didapatkan penurunan variasi ketebalan daun jati dan pasir yang paling besar yaitu pada filter C. Penurunan kadar besi (Fe) sudah memenuhi baku mutu menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 Kata Kunci: media filtrasi, daun jati, pasir, besi (Fe

ANALISIS PENGARUH LOCAL TAXES REVENUE, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DAN GINI RATIO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI PERIODE 2015-2019 PERSPEKTIF MAQASYID SYARIAH

ABSTRAK ANALISIS PENGARUH LOCAL TAXES REVENUE, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DAN GINI RATIO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI PERIODE 2015-2019 PERSPEKTIF MAQASYID SYARIAH Oleh ARFIAN NUR WAHID Sistem perpajakan yang baik dapat memungkinkan terlaksananya stabilitas ekonomi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Disisi lain bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi akan terjadi ketika semua sektor mempunyai kontribusi terhadap negara untuk bersama-sama menggerakkan ekonomi sehingga mampu tumbuh dan berkembang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan variable independent yaitu local taxes revenue, consumer price index dan gini ratio sebagai stimulus penggerak perekonomian. Sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi perspektif maqasyid syariah digunakan sebagai variable dependen untuk melihat hasil stimulasi perekonomian yang digunakan. Variabel-variabel tersebut digunakan dalam penelitian tesis ini untuk mendapatkan hasil yang empiris terkait pertumbuhan ekonomi berbasiskan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah ada pengaruh local taxes revenue, consumer price index dan gini ratio terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi perspektif maqasyid syariah periode 2015-2019. Populasi dari penelitian iniadalah seluruh provinsi yang ada di Indonesia yaitu 34 pada kurun waktu 2015- 2019. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui laporan tahunan yang terpublikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan Program E-Views. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) local taxes revenue tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi perspektif maqasyid Syariah periode 2015-2019. (2) consumer price index tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi perspektif maqasyid Syariah periode 2015-2019. (3) gini ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi perspektif maqasyid Syariah periode 2015-2019. (4) local taxes revenue, consumer price index dan gini ratio secara simultan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi perspektif maqasyid Syariah periode 2015-2019. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel local taxes revenue, consumer price index dan gini ratio tidak dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam penentuan pertumbuhan perekonomian suatu masyrakat dalam perspektif islam. Perspektif ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi yang sesuai dengan maqasyid syariah dapat tercapai bilamana seluruh elemen masyarakat dapat bersama-sama dengan struktur negara bekerjasama untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan bersama, yaitu dengan saling memberikan hak dan kewajibannya masing-masing sehingga akan mudah untuk mencapai kemakmuran yaitu Falah dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat

PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH, PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO (PDRB) DAN INDEK PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari pembiayaan perbankan syariah, PDRB dan IPM terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di DIY. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan jenis studi korelasi atau korelasional. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder Tahunan yang dipublikasikan disitus resmi BPS dan OJK periode 2012-2017. Metode yang digunakan yaitu regresi data panel menggunakan common effect model (pooled least square/PLS), fixed effect model dan random effect model dengan bantuan software Eviews 9 dan Microsoft Excel 2016. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan software Eviews 9 dan Microsoft Excel 2016 pembiayaan perbankan syariah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di DIY. Sementara itu PDRB dan IPM berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di DIY. Kata kunci: Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Indek Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Tingkat Kemiskinan

3 Dimensional Printing in Cardiology: Innovation for Modern Education and Clinical Implementation

Medical uses of three-dimension (3D) printing have advantages for many importances, such as tissue and organ fabrication, creation of prosthetics, and model structural anatomy. Visualization of 3-dimensional structure of heart for the importance of examination, management or education is not fully comprehensive describe toward the complexity of anatomical structure and also toward the illustration of medical procedure. The aim of this study was to identify the potential application of heart’s 3D printing for the enhancement of case understanding for doctor, medical students or residents and also for patient and its family. A normal model of heart is used in this research to stimulate next 3D object in cardiology area.We retrieved data from patients’ CT scan performed in Gadjah Mada University Hospital, Yogyakarta from December 2017 to March 2018. Our focus is on normal heart anatomy. Data from CT scan results are exported into Digital Imaging and Communications format (DICOM), then dimension measurement and threshold segmentation are performed using Mimics Medical 20.0 (Materialise) application. Finally the file must be exported into STL format due to final process to cut the desirable parts using Mesh editing application. After the final model has been done, then it will be printed by fuse deposition method to make a 3D object.The making and implementing 3D printingof heart model has many advantages for medical education especially for the doctor, medical students or residents and also for the patient and its family to be more aware on the condition of the heart. This study may stimulate another trial of using this technique into several heart abnormalitie

Aloe vera stimulate cell proliferation, cell migration, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) on fibroblast of diabetic rat models

The disturbance of cell migration and cell proliferation,diminished production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) are important factors in wound healing process. Aloe vera contains active compounds which can help in the wound healing process. Thestudy aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract ofA. veraon cell proliferation, cell migration, VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression of skin fibroblast cells of diabetic rats. The primary skin fibroblast cells were isolated from diabetic Wistar rat and incubated with the A. vera extract in various concentrations i.e. 500 (AV500), 250 (AV250), and 125 µg/Ml (AV125) for 24, 48 and 72 h.The cell proliferation was examined visually by counting the cells number, the cell migration was observed using in vitro scratch assay, whereas VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression were examined using RT-PCR. In 24 and 48h incubation,the cell proliferation of AV500 and AV250 groups had higher number of cells than negative control group,but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). However in72 h incubation,the cell proliferation of AV500 group (29.33±1.28x104 cells/mL)was significantly different compared to negative control group (22.91±3.21x104 cells/mL) (p0.05).The expression of VEGF-A and JNK-1 after incubation with the AV500 for 48 h, weresignificantly higher than those of negative control group (p<0.05).In conclusion, A. vera increases cell proliferation, cell migration, VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression offibroblast cellof diabetic rat skin

A review of homogenous ensemble methods on the classification of breast cancer data

In the last decades, emerging data mining technology has been introduced to assist humankind in generating relevant decisions. Data mining is a concept established by computer scientists to lead a secure and reliable classification and deduction of data. In the medical field, data mining methods can assist in performing various medical diagnoses, including breast cancer. As evolution happens, ensemble methods are being proposed to achieve better performance in classification. This technique reinforced the use of multiple classifiers in the model. The review of the homogenous ensemble method on breast cancer classification is being carried out to identify the overall performance. The results of the reviewed ensemble techniques, such as Random Forest and XGBoost, show that ensemble methods can outperform the performance of the single classifier method. The reviewed ensemble methods have pros and cons and are useful for solving breast cancer classification problems. The methods are being discussed thoroughly to examine the overall performance in the classification

The Effects of Exercise on Spleen Fibrosis and Macrophage Number in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rat Model

Background: Spleen plays a role in human immune system as well as in recycling and filtering blood. The aging spleen is associated with fibrosis and impaired immune system, increasing individual vulnerability to getting infections. Regular physical activity is essential to maintain and enhance body fitness, endurance, and immune system.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of mild and moderate-intensity treadmill exercise on the aging spleen by examining fibrosis and the number of macrophages in d-Galactose-induced aging rat models.Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: G1 (control group), G2 (d‐Galactose, no exercise), G3 (d‐Galactose, low-intensity exercise), and G4 (d‐Galactose, moderate-intensity exercise). d-Galactose was administered intraperitoneally on day 0 and treadmill exercise was given for four weeks following the modified Brown et al. (2007) protocol. Spleens were histologically processed and stained for picrosirius red and against CD68+ antibody. Percentage of fibrosis fraction area and macrophage cell count were obtained using ImageJ, and the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software.Results: The aging spleen did not show any differences in weight, length, and width among groups (P > 0.05). The administration of d-Galactose in rats causes fibrosis and an increased number of macrophages. Low and moderate-intensity treadmill exercise could not lower the percentages of fibrosis fraction area. However, the moderate-intensity treadmill exercise was effective in lowering macrophage number.Conclusion: Moderate-intensity treadmill exercise was effective in lowering macrophage cell count in the aging rat spleen induced by d-Galactose

Attribute related methods for improvement of ID3 Algorithm in classification of data: A review

Decision tree is an important method in data mining to solve the classification problems. There are several learning algorithms to implement the decision tree but the most commonly-used is ID3 algorithm. Nevertheless, there are some limitations in ID3 algorithm that can affect the performance in the classification of data. The use of information gain in the ID3 algorithm as the attribute selection criteria is not to assess the relationship between classification and the dataset’s attributes. The objective of the study being conducted is to implement the attribute related methods to solve the shortcomings of the ID3 algorithm like the tendency to select attributes with many values and also improve the performance of ID3 algorithm. The techniques of attribute related methods studied in this paper were mutual information, association function and attribute weighted. All the techniques assist the decision tree to find the most optimal attributes in each generation of the tree. Results of the reviewed techniques show that attribute selection methods capable to resolve the limitations in ID3 algorithm and increase the performance of the method. All of the reviewed techniques have their advantages and disadvantages and useful to solve the classification problems. Implementation of the techniques with ID3 algorithm is being discussed thoroughly