Endomorphisms of Cayley digraphs of rectangular groups

Let Cay(S,A) denote the Cayley digraph of the semigroup S with respect to the set A, where A is any subset of S. The function f : Cay(S,A) → Cay(S,A) is called an endomorphism of Cay(S,A) if for each (x, y) ∈ E(Cay(S,A)) implies (f(x), f(y)) ∈ E(Cay(S,A)) as well, where E(Cay(S,A)) is an arc set of Cay(S,A). We characterize the endomorphisms of Cayley digraphs of rectangular groups G × L × R, where the connection sets are in the form of A = K × P × T

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITION Effect of different processing methods on the nutrients and antinutrient composition of senecio biafrae, crassocephalum crepidiodes and solanum nigrum consumed in south west Nigeria

ABSTRACT The study evaluated the effect of squeezing, blanching and drying on the Nutritional value of three selected leafy vegetables namely: -Solanum nigrum, Crassocephalum crepidioides and senecio biafrae, Proximate, minerals, Vitamins, anti-nutrient and sensory properties of the selected vegetables were analyzed using standard methods. The result of the proximate analysis of the samples showed that the Protein content of the samples ranged from (2.01 -15.87%), Crude fat (0.008-4.86%), crude fibre (1.23-14.61%), ash (1.71-12.64%) and moisture (9.82-69.74%). Dried samples had the highest vitamin A, E, D which ranged between (31.70-48.90mg/100g, 19.73-33.57 mg/100g, 3.10-11.50 mg/100g) while blanched samples had the least vitamin value. Also, dried samples contained higher minerals, Na (19.63-25.47 mg/100g), Ca (3.05-3.65 mg/100g), K(2.82-3.97 mg/100g), .50 mg/100g) and P(36.33-52.67 mg/100g). The anti-nutrients composition of the vegetables were in trace amounts, phytate (0.011-0.014 %), Tannin (0.001-0.004%), Saponin (0.13-0.18 %), Oxalate (0.004-0.008 %) and HCN (1.40-9.23 %), while the result of sensory evaluation indicates that solanum nigrum "odu" and senecio biafrae "worowo" having a better consumer preference when compared to crassocephalum crepidioides "ebolo" (p<0.05). This study indicates that solanum nigrum, senecio biafrae and crassocephalum crepidiodes are good source of the diet especially when processed