Risk vulnerability : risk sharing in Mexican rural households

Despite being a middle income economy, Mexico typifies the situation of many low-income countries for the nearly 23 million rural Mexicans living in poverty. Rural households in Mexico live in settings characterized by multiple risks which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their welfare. However, they have not responded passively to the deteriorating situation in the countryside and have developed strategies to cope with hardship. The purpose of this research is to investigate the interconnections between this risky environment, the realization of shocks and the risk management and coping mechanisms available to households and its members. Using a mixed methods approach, the thesis combines qualitative and quantitative analysis. Primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews and a survey designed to capture, in detail, issues related to risk, shocks and risk coping strategies. Secondary data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) was used to test for risk sharing across and within households. Overall, our results show that idiosyncratic and covariate shocks have a negative impact on consumption suggesting that insurance is incomplete across and more importantly, within households. However, households and its members use a portfolio of coping strategies depending on the type of shock. Informal mechanisms in the form of savings, borrowing, transfers, and labour supply adjustments play an important role in consumption smoothing. This thesis makes two important contributions. First, it complements the literature on risk and coping strategies by examining the mechanisms for dealing with shocks and their accessibility to the household. Second, empirical evidence on the negative effects of shocks and the effectiveness of risk coping strategies enhances our understanding of the factors that increase vulnerability to poverty of rural households. This information contributes to the design and implementation of social protection programmes to facilitate the identification of those in need and reach the intended beneficiaries.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Risk vulnerability : risk sharing in Mexican rural households

Despite being a middle income economy, Mexico typifies the situation of many low-income countries for the nearly 23 million rural Mexicans living in poverty. Rural households in Mexico live in settings characterized by multiple risks which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their welfare. However, they have not responded passively to the deteriorating situation in the countryside and have developed strategies to cope with hardship. The purpose of this research is to investigate the interconnections between this risky environment, the realization of shocks and the risk management and coping mechanisms available to households and its members. Using a mixed methods approach, the thesis combines qualitative and quantitative analysis. Primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews and a survey designed to capture, in detail, issues related to risk, shocks and risk coping strategies. Secondary data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) was used to test for risk sharing across and within households. Overall, our results show that idiosyncratic and covariate shocks have a negative impact on consumption suggesting that insurance is incomplete across and more importantly, within households. However, households and its members use a portfolio of coping strategies depending on the type of shock. Informal mechanisms in the form of savings, borrowing, transfers, and labour supply adjustments play an important role in consumption smoothing. This thesis makes two important contributions. First, it complements the literature on risk and coping strategies by examining the mechanisms for dealing with shocks and their accessibility to the household. Second, empirical evidence on the negative effects of shocks and the effectiveness of risk coping strategies enhances our understanding of the factors that increase vulnerability to poverty of rural households. This information contributes to the design and implementation of social protection programmes to facilitate the identification of those in need and reach the intended beneficiaries.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Diseno y estructuracion de la funcion de recursos humanos del Hospital Base de Curico

125 p.El Hospital base de la provincia de Curico, en su área de recursos humanos presenta una desarticulación, dado que existen funciones tales como: personal, bienestar, capacitación y remuneraciones trabajando separadamente; además, no existe una sistematización de personal, lo que genera la alternativa de crear un departamento para unir dichos subsistemas, mejorar los canales de comunicación y así contribuir al éxito de esta organización, con actividades de recursos humanos adecuadas a las estrategias fundamentales de la administración del Hospital público de Cm-kn. El objetivo general del estudio es diseñar y estructurar la función de recursos humanos del Hospital de Curico; para lograr dicho objetivo se dividió el estudio en diferentes etapas, primero se realizo una revisión bibliográfica, se plantearon objetivos y se efectuaron entrevistas en terreno para observar la situación actual del Hospital. Como segunda etapa se contrasto la realidad con la teoría de recursos humanos, para así lograr una mejor integración de las funciones administrativas, bajo la supervisión de un jefe de recursos humanos. También, dentro de los objetivos específicos del presente estudio se encuentra el diseñar documentos que sean utilizables en la administración de cada una de los subsistemas del departamento de recursos humanos para un mejor control y desempeño de las labores que ejecuta cada funcionario, buscando generar mejores resultados en la gestión, y contribuir a que esta organización ejerza sus metas propuestas de manera mas eficiente y eficaz. Para concluir, el modelo propuesto fue adaptado a las normas y leyes que rigen a los servicios hospitalarios, con el propósito de ser implementado en un futuro próximo obteniendo con esto una articulación de las tareas y una mejora en la comunicación entre los empleados que forman parte de esta organizació

Diagnostico de la utilizacion de las tecnologias de la informacion en las organizaciones de la Septima Region.

167 p

Intersectional stigma and the arc of intranational migration: experiences of transgender adolescents and women who migrate within Peru

Abstract Background Migration is recognized as a key determinant of health. Yet, limited research addresses the arc of intranational migration and, even less, the experiences of transgender (trans) adolescents and women migrants and the associated health vulnerabilities. Using intersectional stigma as a theoretical frame, this study seeks to better understand the sexual health vulnerabilities and needs of trans women migrants in Peru. Methods Between October and November 2016, in-depth interviews (n = 14) and two focus groups (n = 20) were conducted in Spanish with trans women in three Peruvian cities. To explore pre- and during migration experiences, focus groups were conducted in Pucallpa and Iquitos, key cities in the Amazon where trajectories often originate. To assess during migration and post-migration experiences, we conducted interviews in Pucallpa, Iquitos, and Lima to better understand processes of relocation. Audio files were transcribed verbatim and analysed via an immersion crystallization approach, an inductive and iterative process, using Dedoose (v.6.1.18). Results Participants described migration as an arc and, thus, results are presented in three phases: pre-migration; during migration; and post-migration. Intersectional stigma was identified as a transversal theme throughout the three stages of migration. The pre-migration stage was characterized by poverty, transphobia, and violence frequently motivating the decision to migrate to a larger city. Exploitation was also described as pervasive during migration and in relocation. Many participants spoke of their introduction to sex work during migration, as key to economic earning and associated violence (police, clients). Conclusion Findings advance understandings of intranational migration and forced displacement as key determinants of trans women’s health. Dimensions of violence at the intersection of classism and cisgenderism render trans women highly vulnerable at every step of their migratory journeys. Experiences of intranational mobility and relocation were described as uniquely tied to age, intersectional transphobic stigma, engagement in sex work, and multiple forms of violence, which impact and can magnify sexual health vulnerabilities for transgender women in Peru who migrated intranationally

A WORLDWIDE NETWORK FOR COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON CARAVANS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

Las caravanas con sus particularidades históricas se encuentran en tierras áridas y montañosas de diferentes partes del mundo. Comparten rasgos comunes tales como: animales domesticados con morfologías particulares y rasgos conductuales queimponen restricciones a la acción humana; patrones de movilidad de comunidades forrajeras y pastoriles especializadas; rutas de senderos eficientes dependientesde oasis y paraderos que sirvieron como estaciones de comercio, intercambio y aprovisionamiento; representaciones (?arte?); estructuras e hitos cercanos y/o relacionados con senderos caravaneros; y su continua destrucción a consecuenciadel desarrollo moderno.Fil: Clarkson, Persis B.. University of Winnipeg; CanadáFil: Santoro, Calogero M.. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Levy, Thomas E.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Núñez, Lautaro. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Nielsen, Axel Emil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosen, Steven. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; IsraelFil: Förster, Frank. Universidad de Colonia; AlemaniaFil: Capriles, José M.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Khazanov, Anatoly M.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Frachetti, Michael. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Valenzuela, Daniela. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Standen, Vivien G.. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Cases, Barbara. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Pimentel, Gonzalo. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Lecoq, Patrice. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Medinacelli, Ximena. Archivo de La Paz; BoliviaFil: Briones, Luis. Museo Municipal de Pica; ChileFil: Wink, André. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Tripcevich, Nicholas. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Riemer, Heiko. Universidad de Colonia; AlemaniaFil: O’Ryan, Enelidolfo. Museo Municipal de Pica; ChileFil: Loayza, Ximena. Museo Municipal de Pica; ChileFil: Lynch, Thomas F.. Cook County Historical Society; Estados UnidosFil: Woldekiros, Helina. University of Washington; Estados Unido

Strengthening Health Systems to Face Pandemics: Subnational Policy Responses to Covid-19 in Latin America

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as stay-at-home orders continue to be the main policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in countries with limited or slow vaccine rollout. Often, NPI are managed or implemented at the sub-national level, yet little information exists on within country variation in NPI policies. We focus on Latin America, a COVID-19 epicenter, and collect and analyze daily subnational data on public health measures in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru to compare within- and across-country NPI. We show high heterogeneity in the adoption of NPIs at the subnational level in Mexico and Brazil, consistent national guidelines with subnational heterogeneity in Argentina and Colombia, and homogeneous policies guided by centralized national policies in Bolivia, Chile and Peru. Our results point to the role of subnational policies and governments in responding to health crise

Sulfonamido-aryl ethers as bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists.

The synthesis and identification of sulfonamido-aryl ethers as potent bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists from a approximately 60,000 member encoded combinatorial library are reported. Two distinct series of compounds exhibiting different structure-activity relationships were identified in a bradykinin B1 whole-cell receptor-binding assay. Specific examples exhibit K(i) values of approximately 10nM