Síndrome pré-menstrual na medicina Chinesa

A síndrome pré-menstrual se tornou um desafio para a ciência a partir do momento que entrou para os meios sociais com o advento da mulher no mercado de trabalho. De forma complexa e de difícil controle devido a instabilidade, variedade e intensidade dos sintomas, a síndrome pode comprometer a qualidade de vida da mulher. Portanto, o estudo objetivou descrever os principais conceitos, formas e tratamento da síndrome pré-menstrual sob a visão da medicina tradicional chinesa por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico. Constituíram fontes de pesquisa, livros, artigos, dissertações e teses indexados na base de dados LILACS. Assim, utilizando os descritores: tensão menstrual e medicina chinesa, foram encontrados 17 documentos, dentre eles, 05 artigos, 01 dissertação e 02 teses. Na medicina chinesa, a praticidade e eficiência no tratamento da síndrome pré-menstrual por meio da acupuntura e fitoterapia se dá, quando, desenvolvida por profissionais competentes e habilitados, não oferecendo riscos ou adversidades

Uso do WhatsApp em um grupo de educação em saúde com mulheres

Objetivo: Analisar o uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e a interação em um grupo de educação em saúde com mulheres no WhatsApp.Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa com mães pertencentes a duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Sinop - MT incluídas em um Projeto de Extensão que utilizou estratégias educativas em saúde (“Dia G”, “Dicas em saúde” e “Vídeo Educativo”) e membros da equipe do projeto. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro-dezembro de 2021, a partir das mensagens no grupo de WhatsApp e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo Temática.Resultados: Foram identificadas duas categorias, as quais mostram as informações disponibilizadas pela equipe e as solicitadas pelas mães pontualmente; que as dúvidas manifestadas pelas mães mobilizaram a comunicação-interação entre os participantes e que pouca ou nenhuma interação foi suscitada pelas informações de saúde contidas nas estratégias educativas utilizadas. Considerações finais: O WhatsApp mostrou-se como importante recurso/estratégia na comunicação-interação para educação em saúde com mulheres.Palavras-chave: Tecnologia da informação. Educação em saúde. Saúde da mulher. Atenção primária à saúde

A modified hydrogel production protocol to decrease cellular content

PURPOSE: To analyze the cytotoxicity and cell in porcine-derived decellularized skin matrix. METHODS: We analyzed the effect of multiple decellularization processes by histological analysis, DNA quantification, and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we analyzed the most appropriate hydrogel concentration to minimize cytotoxicity on fibroblast culture and to maximize cell proliferation. RESULTS: After the fourth decellularization, the DNA quantification showed the lowest DNA concentration (< 50 ng/mg). Histological analysis showed no cell components in the hydrogel. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin showed a heterogeneous structure of collagen fibers. The best hydrogel concentration ranged from 3 to 25%, and there was no significant difference between the 24 hours and seven days. CONCLUSIONS: The process of hydrogel production was effective for removing cells and DNA elements. The best hydrogel concentration ranged from 3 to 25%

O centro de cultura negra do Maranhão no contexto das ações afirmativas / The maranhão black culture center in the context of affirmative action

O presente artigo trata sobre as contribuições do Centro de Cultura Negra do Maranhão (CCN-MA). Para atender ao desiderato, fazemos uma retrospectiva histórica desde a sua fundação em 1979 até início do século XXI. Nessa retrospectiva histórica, evidenciamos que o referido Centro foi fundado no contexto da criação do Movimento Negro Unificado do Estado de São Paulo que irradiou esse movimento social negro para outros estados brasileiros, incluindo dessa forma o Maranhão. À luz do exposto, o estudo evidencia que ao longo dos tempos o CCN-MA tem buscado contribuir com políticas e práticas pedagógicas que buscam mitigar os desníveis socio raciais da população afro-maranhense que quase sempre foram e são geradas pelo racismo

ESTADO DO CONHECIMENTO DA FAUNA DE INVERTEBRADOS NÃO-MARINHOS DA ILHA GRANDE (ANGRA DOS REIS, RJ)

Ilha Grande, a continental island located at Southern of Rio de Janeiro state, has important remnants of Atlantic Rainforest. However, the knowledge of the non-marine invertebrate fauna is not sufficiently well known, concerning not only taxonomic groups but also geographic areas. Considering the relevance of biodiversity inventories to conservation, allied to the absence of organized information about the existing data, we prepared a taxonomic list of the non-marine invertebrates reported to Ilha Grande, including distributional data, based on primary data of ongoing research projects and literature. The list is composed of 465 taxa of non-marine invertebrates, mainly Arthropoda (72.9%), followed by Mollusca (22.15%). Among cited taxa 25.52% are in the species category and 60% are in the genus category. The data analysis revealed an information increase since 1999 and that this information are concentrated at Vila Dois Rios region. Results show the need for improving Ilha Grande faunistic inventories, focusing taxonomic groups and areas, in order to fill the huge existing gaps.Ilha Grande, una isla continental situada al sur del estado de Río de Janeiro, tiene importantes remanentes de La Mata Atlántica. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre la fauna de invertebrados no-marinos es aún limitado, no solo en relación con los grupos taxonómicos sino también con las áreas geográficas. Considerando la importancia de los inventarios de biodiversidad para la conservación y tendiendo en cuenta la falta de información organizada sobre los registros disponibles, elaboramos una lista de los taxones citados y sus respectivas localidades, utilizando datos primarios de proyectos actualmente en desarrollo y fuentes bibliográficas disponibles. La lista está compuesta por 465 taxones de invertebrados no-marinos, principalmente por el Phylum Arthopoda (72.9%), seguido por el Phylum Mollusca (22.15%). Entre los taxones citados 27.52% corresponden a la categoría de especie y 60% a la categoría de género. El análisis de los datos reveló que la información se incrementó desde 1999 y que está concentrada en la región Vila Dois Rios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la necesidad de realizar inventarios faunísticos en  Ilha Grande, ampliando los grupos taxonómicos y áreas geográficas, para completar las grandes lagunas detectadas.A Ilha Grande, situada ao sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, possui importantes remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre sua fauna de invertebrados não-marinhos ainda é restrito, tanto em abrangência de grupos taxonômicos como em áreas geográficas. Devido à importância de inventários de biodiversidade para a conservação e tendo em vista a falta de informação organizada sobre os registros disponíveis, elaboramos uma lista dos táxons citados e suas respectivas localidades, utilizando dados primários de projetos em andamento e as fontes bibliográficas disponíveis. O resultado consiste em uma lista com 465 táxons de invertebrados não-marinhos, a grande maioria do Filo Arthropoda (72,9%) seguido do filo Mollusca (22,15%). Dos táxons citados 27,2% estão na categoria específica e 60% na categoria gênero. A análise dos dados mostrou que houve um incremento de informação a partir de 1999, e que essa informação está concentrada no entorno da Vila Dois Rios. Os resultados apresentados demonstram a necessidade de realização de inventários de fauna, com ampliação dos grupos taxonômicos e das áreas estudadas, no sentido de completar as imensas lacunas detectadas

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials