Black hole tidal charge constrained by strong gravitational lensing

Spherically symmetric brane black holes have tidal charge, which modifies both weak and strong lensing characteristics. Even if lensing measurements are in agreement with a Schwarzschild lens, the margin of error of the detecting instrument allows for a certain tidal charge. In this paper we derive the respective constraint on the tidal charge of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the center of our galaxy, from the radius of the first relativistic Einstein ring, emerging in strong lensing. We find that even if general relativistic predictions are confirmed by high precision strong lensing measurements, SMBHs could have a much larger tidal charge, than the Sun or neutron stars

TINJAUAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR UNTUK ALAT BERAT DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pemungutan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor UntukAlat Berat Di Kalimantan Timur. Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dalam upaya meningkatkan pembangunan berusaha menggali Pendapatan Asli Daerah dari sektor pemungutan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor alat-alat berat atau besar. Pemungutan pajak telah diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah Kalimantan Timur Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini menelaah dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan pemungutan pajak untuk kendaraan alat berat di Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan, dianalisis berbagai hambatan yang ada dan dicarikan solusi atas berbagai penghambat tersebut. Metode pendekatan Yuridis Empiris, Spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Data penelitian berupa data primer yakni wawancara dengan responden di Dispenda dan para pemilik kendaraan alat berat. Data sekunder, dari Undang-undang Perpajakan, Peraturan Daerah Propinsi Kalimantan Timur Tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah, Surat Ketetapan Pajak Daerah serta Surat Tagihan Pajak Daerah melalui penelitian kepustakaan sedangkan metode analisis yang dipakai adalah kualitatif. Pelaksanaan Pemungutan pajak kendaraan bermotor untuk alat berat di Kalimantan Timur berdasarkan Perda Nomor 1 tahun 2011 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah. Dalam pelaksanaan, terdapat penurunan pemasukan sektor pajak kendaraan bermotor untuk alat berat. Secara hukum, pelanksanaan pemungutan pajak kendaraan bermotor untuk alat berat di Kalimantan Timur telah sesuai degan asas-asas pemungutan pajak yaitu asas keadilan, asas Yuridis, Asas Ekonomis dan Asas Finansial. Terdapat beberapa faktor penghambat pemungutan pajak kendaraan bermotor untuk alat berat di Kalimantan Timur, yaitu : Faktor dari sisi hukum yang terbagi menjadi dari substansi hukum dan struktur.Kedua, Faktor penghambat dari sisi teknis serta faktor penghambat dari sisi wajib pajak. Dalam rangka mengatasi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pemungutan pajak kendaraan bermotor untuk alat berat di Kalimantan Timur, diperlukan upaya yaitu mengatasi hambatan yang berasal dari faktor dari sisi hukum yang terbagi menjadi dari substansi hukum dan struktur.Kedua, mengatasi hambatan yang berasal dari faktor dari sisi teknis serta mengatasi hambatan yang berasal dari faktor dari sis wajib pajak

Lensing By Sgr A* as a Probe of Modified Gravity

We show that a possible astrophysical experiment, detection of lensed images of stars orbiting close to Sgr A*, can provide insight into the form of the metric around a black hole. We model Sgr A* as a black hole and add in a $\frac{1}{r^2}$ term to the Schwarzschild metric near the black hole. We then attempt to determine the effect of this extra term on the properties of the secondary images of the S stars in the Galactic Center. When the $\frac{1}{r2}$ term is positive, this represents a Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) metric, and we show that the there is little observational difference between a Schwarzschild black hole and a RN black hole, leading to the conclusion that secondary images may not be a useful probe of electrical charge in black holes. A negative value for the $\frac{1}{r^2}$ term can enter through modified gravity scenarios. Although physically unlikely to apply in the case of a large black hole, the Randall-Sundrum II braneworld scenario admits a metric of this form, known as tidal Reissner- Nordstrom (TRN) metric. We use values of tidal charge (Q in $\frac{Q}{r^2}$) ranging from $-1.6M^2$ to $0.4 M^2$. A negative value of Q enhances the brightness of images at all times and creates an increase in brightness of up to 0.4 magnitudes for the secondary image of the star S2 at periapse. We show that for other stars with brighter secondary images and positions more aligned with the optic axis, using the Tidal Reissner-Nordstrom metric with negative Q enhances the images as well, but the effect is less pronounced. With the next generation of instruments and increased knowledge of radiation from Sgr A*, using properties of secondary images to place constraints on the size of the $\frac{1}{r^2}$ term. This knowledge will be useful in constraining any modified gravity theory that adds a similar term into the strong field near a black hole.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Supervised detection of anomalous light-curves in massive astronomical catalogs

The development of synoptic sky surveys has led to a massive amount of data for which resources needed for analysis are beyond human capabilities. To process this information and to extract all possible knowledge, machine learning techniques become necessary. Here we present a new method to automatically discover unknown variable objects in large astronomical catalogs. With the aim of taking full advantage of all the information we have about known objects, our method is based on a supervised algorithm. In particular, we train a random forest classifier using known variability classes of objects and obtain votes for each of the objects in the training set. We then model this voting distribution with a Bayesian network and obtain the joint voting distribution among the training objects. Consequently, an unknown object is considered as an outlier insofar it has a low joint probability. Our method is suitable for exploring massive datasets given that the training process is performed offline. We tested our algorithm on 20 millions light-curves from the MACHO catalog and generated a list of anomalous candidates. We divided the candidates into two main classes of outliers: artifacts and intrinsic outliers. Artifacts were principally due to air mass variation, seasonal variation, bad calibration or instrumental errors and were consequently removed from our outlier list and added to the training set. After retraining, we selected about 4000 objects, which we passed to a post analysis stage by perfoming a cross-match with all publicly available catalogs. Within these candidates we identified certain known but rare objects such as eclipsing Cepheids, blue variables, cataclysmic variables and X-ray sources. For some outliers there were no additional information. Among them we identified three unknown variability types and few individual outliers that will be followed up for a deeper analysis.Comment: 16 pages, 18 figures, published in The Astrophysical Journa

Experimental studies of gas trapping in amorphous ice and thermal modelling of comets: Implications for Rosetta

The trapping of mixtures of CO, CH4, N2 and Ar in amorphous water ice was studied experimentally. It is shown that the ice particles could not have been formed at a higher temperature and, subsequently, cool down. Experiments where ice was deposited at elevated temperatures, then cooled down and gas was flowed into the ice, showed that the amount of trapped gas depends only on the highest temperature at which the ice was formed, or resided, prior to cooling and gas flow into it. Consequently, the cometary ice had to be formed at approx. 48 K and the ice is therefore amorphous. The thermal profile of a comet in Halley's orbit was calculated, including the build-up of an insulating dust layer. It was found that an insulating dust layer a few cm thick is enough to choke most of the water emission from the surface. A similar thermal model was calculated for comet P/Temple-1, a candidate for both CRAF and Rosetta (CNSR) missions. The temperature at a depth of 10 m is approx. 160 K for all models considered and, hence, the ice at this depth is crystalline. A crystalline ice layer 40 to 240 m thick was found to overly the gas-laden amorphous ice. Consequently, it should be difficult for the probes of the two comet missions to sample pristine amorphous ice, unless they are aimed at the bottom of an active crater

Semiclassical model of ultrafast photoisomerization reactions

In this letter we propose a model which explains ultrafast and efficient photoisomerization reactions as driven by transitions between quasistationary states of one dimensional (1D) double well potential of an excited electronic state. This adiabatic potential is formed as a result of doubly crossing of a decay diabatic potential of the ground electronic state and a bound diabatic potential of the excited state. We calculate the eigenstates and eigenfunctions using the semiclassical connection matrices at the turning and crossing points and the shift matrices between these points. The transitions between the localized in the wells below the adiabatic barrier states are realized by the tunneling and by the double non-adiabatic transitions via the crossing points processes. Surprisingly the behavior with the maximum transition rate keeps going even for the states relatively far above the barrier (2 -4 times the barrier height). Even though a specific toy model is investigated here, when properly interpreted it yields quite reasonable values for a variety of measured quantities, such as a reaction quantum yield, and conversion time.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. accepted to Chem. Phys. Letters (2005

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN WUS TENTANG PAP SMEAR DI KALIASIN RT 03 RW 11KELURAHAN KEDUNGDORO KECAMATAN TEGALSARI SURABAYA

Papsmear merupakan salah satu jenis pemeriksaan untuk mendeteksi dini Ca Serviks. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan dari 10 responden didapatkan 4 responden mengetahui dan memahami tentang papsmear dan 6 responden tidak mengetahui dan memahami pentingnya papsmear. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan wanita usia subur tentang papsmear. Desain penelitian deskriptif. Populasinya adalah seluruh WUS yang sudah menikah pada bulan Juni 2013 sebesar 50 orang, Besar sampel 44 orang.Teknik sampling yang digunakan ”simple random sampling”.Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang papsmear. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan persentase . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir setengah 27,27% (12 responden) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, sebagian besar 59,09% (26 responden) memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup, dan sebagian kecil 13,63% (6 responden) memiliki pengetahuan kurang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar 59,09% dari responden di Kaliasin RT 03 RW 11 memiliki pengetahuan cukup tentang papsmear, untuk itu diharapkan petugas kesehatan hendaknya dapat memberikan informasi tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan papsmear dan para WUS juga lebih meningkatkan, menggali, dan mencari informasi sebanyak-banyaknya tentang papsmear

Toward Fully Quantum Modelling of Ultrafast Photodissociation Imaging Experiments. Treating Tunnelling in the Ab Initio Multiple Cloning Approach

We present an account of our recent effort to improve simulation of the photodissociation of small heteroaromatic molecules using the Ab Initio Multiple Cloning (AIMC) algorithm. The ultimate goal is to create a quantitative and converged technique for fully quantum simulations which treats both electrons and nuclei on a fully quantum level. We calculate and analyse the total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra and Velocity Map Images (VMI), and compare the results directly with experimental measurements. In this work, we perform new extensive calculations using an improved AIMC algorithm that now takes into account the tunnelling of hydrogen atoms. This can play an extremely important role in photodissociation dynamics