Expression Analysis of an R3-Type MYB Transcription Factor CPC-LIKE MYB4 (TRICHOMELESS2) and CPL4-Related Transcripts in Arabidopsis

The CAPRICE (CPC)-like MYB gene family encodes R3-type MYB transcription factors in Arabidopsis. There are six additional CPC-like MYB sequences in the Arabidopsis genome, including TRYPTICHON (TRY), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 and 2 (ETC1 and ETC2), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC3/CPC-LIKE MYB3 (ETC3/CPL3), and TRICHOMELESS1 and 2 (TCL1 and TCL2). We independently identified CPC-LIKE MYB4 (CPL4), which was found to be identical to TCL2. RT-PCR analysis showed that CPL4 is strongly expressed in shoots, including true leaves, but not in roots. Promoter-GUS analyses indicated that CPL4 is specifically expressed in leaf blades. Although CPC expression was repressed in 35S::ETC1, 35S::ETC2 and 35S::CPL3 backgrounds, CPL4 expression was not affected by ETC1, ETC2 or CPL3 over-expression. Notably, several chimeric transcripts may result from inter-genic alternative splicing of CPL4 and ETC2, two tandemly repeated genes on chromosome II. At least two chimeric transcripts named CPL4-α and CPL4-β are expected to encode complete CPC-like MYB proteins

Gonadal function in male patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objetivo: Avaliar a função testicular em pacientes do sexo masculino com espondilite anquilosante (EA). Métodos: Vinte pacientes com EA e vinte e quatro adultos masculinos saudáveis foram avaliados quanto às características demográficas, exame urológico, ultrassonografia testicular, avaliações dos espermatozóides, anticorpo anti-espermatozóide e perfil hormonal. Critérios de seleção foram: período de pelo menos 3 meses sem o uso de sulfasalazina e metotrexato e nunca terem usado agentes biológicos ou imunossupressores. As avaliações da EA incluíram investigações clínica e laboratorial. Resultados: A mediana da idade atual foi similar no grupo controle e EA (p=0,175). A freqüência de varicocele foi significantemente maior nos pacientes com EA em comparação com os controles (40% vs 8%, p=0,027). A mediana das formas normais de espermatozóides foi similar em pacientes com EA versus controles [17,25 (2-32,5) vs. 22,5 (1,5-45)%, p=0,215], assim como os outros parâmetros dos espermatozóides (p>0,05). Em contraste, a mediana das formas normais de espermatozóides foi significantemente menor em pacientes com EA com varicocele versus aqueles sem varicocele [13,5 (2-27) vs. 22 (10-32,5)%, p=0,049]. Reforçando esse achado, não foi observada nenhuma diferença nesse parâmetro comparando pacientes com EA e controles sem varicocele (p=0,670). Além disso, outros fatores relevantes para a disfunção testicular (anticorpo anti-espermatozóide, hormônios, marcadores inflamatórios e escores da EA) foram comparáveis em pacientes com e sem varicocele (p>0,05). Conclusão: Nós identificamos uma freqüência alta de varicocele em pacientes com EA associada a anormalidades espermáticas, contudo sem associação com tratamento, anticorpos anti-espermatozóides, alterações hormonais ou parâmetros da doença. A exclusão desses fatores sugere que a varicocele pode ser a responsável pela disfunção testicular em pacientes com EA e não o processo da doença ou a autoimunidade. Investigação da varicocele deve ser sempre realizada em pacientes com EA e problemas de fertilidadeObjective: To assess reproductive function in male ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: 20 AS patients were compared to 24 male healthy subjects in regard to demographic data, urologic examination, testicular ultrasound (US), semen analysis, anti-sperm antibodies and hormone profile. Exclusion criteria were present use of sulfasalazine or methotrexate, and ever use of biological/cytotoxic agents. Disease activity of AS was evaluated by clinical and laboratory assessments. Results: Demographic data were similar in AS and controls (p=0.175). Varicocele was significantly more frequently found in AS patients than in controls (40% vs. 8%, p=0.027). Semen analysis revealed no significant differences in sperm quality between AS patients and controls (p>0.05). In contrast, the median of normal sperm forms was significantly lower in AS patients with versus those without varicocele [13.5 (2-27) vs. 22 (10-32.5) %, p=0.049] whereas no difference in sperm morphology was observed comparing AS patients and controls without varicocele (p=0.670). Comparison of AS patients with and without varicocele showed that anti-sperm antibodies, hormones, inflammatory markers and disease activity scores did not contribute to the impaired sperm morphology observed in AS patients with varicocele. Conclusion: An increased frequency of varicocele was found in AS patients associated with sperm abnormalities, but independent of therapy, anti-sperm antibodies, hormonal alterations or disease parameters. The exclusion of these factors suggests that varicocele may underlie testicular dysfunction in AS patients and not the disease process or autoimmunity. Investigation for varicocele should be done in AS patients with fertility problem

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equation in a cylindrical domain

Kyushu University 21st Century COE Program Development of Dynamic Mathematics with High Functionality九州大学21世紀COEプログラム「機能数理学の構築と展開」Asymptotic behavior of solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equation around a given constant state is investigated on a cylindrical domain in $R^3$, under the no slip boundary condition for the velocity field. The $L^2$ decay estimate is established for the perturbation from the constant state. It is also shown that the time-asymptotic leading part of the perturbation is given by a function satisfying a 1 dimensional heat equation. The proof is based on an energy method and asymptotic analysis for the associated linearized semigroup