A Comparative Study of the Critical Thinking Skills among the Students of Accounting and Software in the Female Technical and Vocational University in the City of Borojerd

The purpose of this study is to compare the critical thinking skills among the students of accounting and software in the female technical and vocational university in the city of Borojerd. This study is a descriptive-comparative research. The statistical population of this study includes the female students of accounting and software in the technical and vocational university in the city of Borojerd. A sample of 60 students was selected from this population randomly in the 2014. The sample consists of 30 students of accounting and 30 software students. In order to collect the research data, the second form of California Critical Thinking Skills Questionnaire was used. The research data were analyzed in the SPSS16 through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The average and standard deviation of the research data is 9.15 ± 3.09. Although the scores of accounting students were better than the scores of software students, but no significant difference was not observed between them. The difference between the two groups of respondents was significant in terms of inductive reasoning (p= 0.014). Another part of our findings revealed that the scores of critical thinking skills among the accounting and software students are similar to the scores of critical thinking skills of students in other countries. Our findings revealed that the scores of critical thinking skills of accounting and software students are lower than the scores of those in other countries. These findings point to the fact that the educational plans of this university need some reviews and modifications. Keywords: Critical thinking, Accounting Students, Software Students, Skil

Investigating the Relationship among Preschool Curriculum, Upbringing Styles, and Happiness of Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among preschool curriculum, upbringing style, and happiness of preschool students. This study is a descriptive-correlational research from research methodology perspective. The statistical population of this study includes teachers of preschools in the city of Isfahan. The population consists of 540 members. A sample of 200 teachers was selected randomly. In order to collect the research data, a researcher-developed questionnaire and two standardized questionnaires (curriculum questionnaire of Argil and upbringing questionnaire of Baumrind) were employed. The Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient of curriculum, upbringing, and happiness questionnaires was 0.95, 0.84, and 0.89 relatively. In order to summarize and analyze the research data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between curriculum and happiness. Also the findings showed that there is a significant negative relationship between upbringing and happiness. The findings also indicated that the average of all research variables (except arbitrary and convenience styles) was higher than moderate level. A significant positive relationship was observed between curriculum and happiness and a significant negative relationship was observed between upbringing and happiness. In addition, significant positive relationships were observed among goals, teaching methods, content, and evaluation with happiness. On the other hand, significant negative relationships were observed among arbitrary and convenience styles with happiness. Also significant relationships were observed among content and evaluation with happiness. Finally, any significant relationships were not observed between arbitrary style and happiness. Keywords: Curriculum, Upbringing Styles, Happines

Aesthetic Education Requirements and its Components in the Educational System

The purpose of this study is to determine the need and components  of aesthetic cognitive education and formed based on  the contemporary global challenge of education  in the ethical education, the balanced personality development of students and regardlessness to diverse learning opportunities. Aesthetic congnitive education  is a new approach   toward  the art and beaty in the educational platform;  and some challenges present in the eduacational value-based system  are what  makes necessary this approach. In this study which has been done based on the attributive-analitical method  after presenting  the concept and requirements of  aesthetic education , the components of this approach have been presented in a systematic method as Objectives, principles and pedagogical methods. These objectives were proprosed in the three eemotional, cognitive, cultural and social parts and this structure by a principal  presentation such as the self-motivation principle , strategic thought principle ? the balance of  ntellect and feelings principle, promoting the aesthetic literacy principle, creativity and deduction leades to  the methods based on the vertical and horizontal development of experiences  and developing  and the use of senses and promoting the imagination and creativity.This method  causes the education in the intrapersonal , interpersoanl and value-based areas some positive changes to be generated. Keywords: aesthetic education , education , epistemology, axiolog

A Study of Challenges and Perspectives on Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies in Teaching and Learning

The aim of this study is to determine the challenges and perspectives of utilizing information technology in the process of teaching and learning in an organizational framework and the organizational results (personal and organizational). The study is of applied type and its method is descriptive – measuring.  The statistical population includes some high school and vocational school teachers of 11784 people and principals of 787 people, from all around the Isfahan province during 2012-13 school year. The sampling method was in proportion to the size of groups, and 720 teachers and 372 principals were selected as the sample of the research. The data collection method was through a researcher designed questionaire which included 62 questions which was devised based on the Likert 5-level scale. The validity of the questionaire is based on the Cronbach Alpha index of 0.88 and its validity was confirmed by the experts. Using inferential statistical tests, we analyzed the data. The one-way variance test and independent T-test were applied. The study results showed that in ingression variables, procedure and personal results, there was a significant difference between the high school and vocational school teachers. However, no difference was seen among the teachers in wealthy, semi-wealthy and deprived districts. Further, no difference was observed in organizational results between the high school and vocational school principals. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Secondary School Principals and Teachers, The Teaching and Learning Process

Comparison of adding neostigmine and fentanyl to bupivacaine in caudal analgesia in pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present trial was to compare efficacy and adverse effects of neostigmine against fentanyl when used as adjuvant to bupivacaine in caudal anesthesia.Method: A total of 140 children, aged 1-6 year scheduled to elective herniorrhaphy, were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were sacral area infection, history of allergic reactions to local anesthetics, bleeding tendency, neurological or spinal disease and lack of parent consent. Patients were assigned, using permuted block randomization method, into four groups of 35. Children in the first group received a caudal injection of 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% plus fentanyl 1µ/kg. The second group received 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% plus neostigmine 1µ/kg. Patients in the third group received 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% plus combination of fentanyl 1µ/kg and neostigmine 1µ/kg, and those in the fourth group only received 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% concentration. To assess pain intensity, Wong-Baker Scale was used. Time to first analgesic request and the dosage of analgesic agent was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.Results:Significant differences were observed among groups in terms of number of patients needing analgesic (p=0.01), time to first analgesic request (p=0.005) and analgesic dose. (p=0.05) The lowest number of requests for analgesia, lowest dose of pethidine and longest time to first analgesic request were in patients receiving combination of bupivacaine, neostigmine and fentanyl.Conclusion: The present study shows that the combination of fentanyl and neostigmine, could prolong duration of analgesia, and decrease severity of pain when added to bupivacain

Comparing the effects of alcoholic extract of ginseng with itraconazole against Candida albicans and Candida krusei

Background: Candidiasis is a prevalent disease which is caused by different species of Candida. Herbal drugs (e.g. ginseng) were traditionally administrated for the treatment of different diseases. This study was carried out to compare the effect of alcoholic extract of ginseng with Itraconazole against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida krusei (C. krusei). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was crried out on 22 and 8 species of C.albicans and 8 C.krusei, respectively which were isolated from vagina, urine and sputum of the patients. Using the CLSI M27 and disk diffusion methods the susceptibility test was done by Itraconazole (10 µg) and ginseng extract (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg.ml-1). The standard species of C. albicans (PTCC 5027) and C. Krusei (PTCC 5295) were used for the quality control purposes. Results: The lowest and highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans and C. Kruzei was 0.0625 and 0.5 μg.ml-1, respectively for Itraconazole using the microdilution method. However, the lowest MIC and minimum fungal concentration (MFC) for alcoholic extract was 64 mg.ml-1 .The highest inhibition zone for C. albicans was 14 and 14-32 mm for alcoholic extract and Foritraconazole, respectively. Using the two methods no significant difference was seen between the alcoholic extract of ginseng (64 and 128 mg.ml-1) and the drug. (P<0.05) Conclusion: Considering the MICs and disk diffusion results, the ginseng extract (64,128 mg.ml-1) shows considerable antifungal effects compared to Itraconazole

Investigating the Effect of Educating Philosophy in the Children on the Spiritual Development of Female Students with 12-14 Years Old in the City of Isfahan

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of educating philosophy curriculum in the children on the spiritual development of female students with 12-14 years old in the city of Isfahan. The present study is a semi-experiment research. The research design is pretest-posttest research with experiment and control group. In order to select the sample members, cluster sampling method was used. For this purpose, the curriculum was conducted for 15 sessions in the experiment group. The curriculum was conducted two times in week. The research data were analyzed through multi-variable COVARIANCE Analysis in the SPSS. The findings of this study revealed that implementation of philosophy curriculum education program leads to spiritual development of students in terms of God awareness, grandiosity, and instability (p?0.05). Also our findings indicated that implementation of philosophy curriculum does not affect spiritual development of students in terms of impression management and realistic acceptance (p?0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be said that implementation of philosophy curriculum leads to the spiritual development of students. Keywords: Philosophy Curriculum, Spiritual Development, Female Student

Asiakaslähtöisyydet hyödyt ja haasteet kuntasektorilla: Case: katujen kunnossapitopalvelut

Nykyään kunnat pyrkivät asiakaslähtöiseen toimintaan, jolla tarkoitetaan kuntalaisten ottamista mukaan päätöksentekoon palvelujen kehittämiseksi ja sujuvoittamiseksi. Asiakaslähtöisyys tarkoittaa myös kuntalaisten tasavertaista kohtelua a heidän tarpeidensa huomioonottamista. Tämä kirjallisuuskatsaus perustuu Heinolan kaupungin ehdottamaan tutkimusaiheeseen, jossa tarkastellaan asiakaslähtöisyyden hyötyjä ja haasteita kuntasektorilla käyttäen esimerkkinä Heinolan kaupunkia. Tutkimusta varten asetettiin tutkimuskysymyksiä, joiden avulla selvitettiin, ketkä ovat kuntasektorin asiakkaita ja kuinka asiakaslähtöisyyden toteuttamista voidaan seurata. Työssä vertaillaan yksityisen sektorin ja kunnallisen toiminnan asiakaslähtöisyyden eroavaisuuksia ja perehdytään esimerkinomaisesti siihen, miten asiakaslähtöisyys toteutuu katujen kunnossapidossa. Tutkimus toteutettiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena, jossa tutkimusaineistona toimivat aiemmat raportoidut tutkimukset ja selvitykset. Lisäksi käytettävissä oli Heinolan kaupungilta saatu verkko-kansio, joka koostuu sekä yleisistä että Heinolan kaupunkia koskevista selvityksistä ja tutkimuksista. Asiakkuuksien määrittäminen tulisi nähdä laajasti – asiakkaita ovat myös yritykset ja yhteisöt, joiden näkemyksiin ja osallistamiseen palveluiden kehittämisessä tulee kiinnittää myös huomiota. Ihmisten inhimilliset tarpeet ja yritysten ja yhteisöjen tarpeet voivat olla samansuuntaisia mutta myös erota toisistaan. Kunnan palvelujen asiakkuus perustuu laissa säädettyjen kunnallisten tehtävien toteuttamiseen. Kunnat asiakkaita ovat kunnan asukkaat, yksityiset henkilöt, yritykset ja kunnan alueella toimivat yritykset ja yhdistykset. Joissain tapauksissa kunnan asiakkuus voi syntyä vastoin ihmisen omaa tahtoa. Yksityisen sektorin toimintamallit ja yksityisen sektorin asiakkuus ovat rakenteeltaan ja päämääriltään erilaisia, eikä niiden rinnastaminen julkisen sektorin asiakkuuksiin ole suoraan mahdollista. Molemmilla sektoreilla asiakaslähtöisyyttä voidaan seurata ja mitata mm. asiakastyytyväisyyskyselyjen avulla

Effect of pentoxifylline and vitamin E on ovarian follicles in Rats

زمینه و هدف: تزریق مواد ضد اکسیدانی به تخمدان موش، سبب کاهش میزان تخمک گذاری می‌گردد. ویتامین E به عنوان یک آنتی ‌اکسیدان قوی، مهارکننده گونه‌های اکسیژن فعال می‌باشد و پنتوکسی فیلین جریان خون مویرگی و اکسیژناسیون بافتی را بهبود می‌بخشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات این دو ترکیب بر رشد فولیکول های تخمدانی موش طراحی و اجرا شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 32 سر موش ماده بالغ به 4 گروه شامل گروه شاهد (سرم فیزیولوژی تزریقی)، گروه ویتامین E (mg/kg 100 به صورت داخل عضلانی و روزانه)، گروه پنتوکسی فیلین (mg/kg 50 به صورت خوراکی و روزانه) و گروه ترکیب پنتوکسی فیلین و ویتامین E (با همان غلظت) تقسیم شدند. بعد از 28 روز تیمار، موش ها را بیهوش و پس از جدا نمودن تخمدان ها و رنگ آمیزی با هماتوکسیلین- ائوزین و سودان بلک با میکروسکوپ نوری مطالعه گردیدند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و تست تعقیبی توکی و کروسکال- والیس تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: تعداد اجسام زرد، تعداد فولیکول های مقدماتی و تعداد فولیکول های گراف در گروه های تجربی نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش معناداری را نشان داد (05/0>P). همچنین به طور معنی‌داری تعداد فولیکول های آترتیک در گروه های تجربی نسبت به گروه شاهد افزایش یافت (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه ویتامین E و پنتوکسی فیلین که هر دو دارای خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی هستند بر بلوغ فولیکول های تخمدانی تأثیر منفی می‌گذارند

Sufi educational purposes from Suhrewardi’s perspective

Spiritual education rooted in teachings of theoretical theosophy and approaches of practical theosophy which are the very spiritual journey and behavior, is considered a form of moral education. The objective of this study was to derive the purposes of Sufi education from the works of Suhrewardi the sage and mystic in sixth century AD. The study is of descriptive-inferential. Based on and according to what is deducted from Suhrewardi’s works, the final purpose of the Sufi education is annihilation and survival by God, and other objectives which are considered as the progressive and intermediary ones have been proposed in order to achieve it. These intermediary purposes may include attainment of intuitive knowledge, heavenly twinkle, arbitrary and voluntary death, love, moderation, nurturance of reason and so on, each of which has a major contribution to human’s achievement of his main objective, that is, annihilation in and survival by God. Keywords: Suhrewardi, reason, intuition, spiritual education, educational goals